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In this paper, injection of dorsal root ganglia with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) one week before cutting the central afferent projections resulted in extensive regeneration of dorsal column axons. This effect seems to occur by preventing myelin-MAG inhibition of axonal growth via a protein kinase A-mediated mechanism
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This study demonstrates a clear acute effect of BDNF on the synaptic input to neonatal rat motoneurons in an in vitro hemisection preparation. A facilitatory effect of BDNF on monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials is mediated by postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, whereas an inhibitory effect occurs presynaptically
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Arvanian V.L., Mendell L.M. Acute modulation of synaptic transmission to motoneurons by BDNF in the neonatal rat spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci. 14:2001;1800-1808. This study demonstrates a clear acute effect of BDNF on the synaptic input to neonatal rat motoneurons in an in vitro hemisection preparation. A facilitatory effect of BDNF on monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials is mediated by postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, whereas an inhibitory effect occurs presynaptically.
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These authors demonstrate that BDNF and NT3 in the spinal cord and soleus muscle are significantly enhanced in rats that have access to a running wheel compared to rats housed in standard cages. These results raise the question: what are appropriate control conditions for laboratory rats?
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Gomez-Pinilla F., Ying Z., Opazo P., Roy R.R., Edgerton V.R. Differential regulation by exercise of BDNF and NT-3 in rat spinal cord and skeletal muscle. Eur J Neurosci. 13:2001;1078-1084. These authors demonstrate that BDNF and NT3 in the spinal cord and soleus muscle are significantly enhanced in rats that have access to a running wheel compared to rats housed in standard cages. These results raise the question: what are appropriate control conditions for laboratory rats?
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Eur J Neurosci
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in press
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Gomez-Pinilla F, Ying Z, Roy RR, Molteni R, Edgerton VR: Voluntary exercise induces a BDNF-mediated mechanism that promotes neuroplasticity. J Neurophysiol, in press. This report shows that rats placed in cages with voluntary running wheels have elevated levels of TrkB receptor, synapsin I, GAP43, CREB mRNA and BDNF in the lumbar spinal cord. In addition, treatment of the soleus muscle with botulinum toxin A resulted in a reduction of BDNF and synapsin I in the soleus and the lumbar spinal cord. Together, these data highlight the role of basal levels of neuromuscular activity in maintaining normal levels of growth-associated proteins.
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J Neurophysiol
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Gomez-Pinilla, F.1
Ying, Z.2
Roy, R.R.3
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A robotic stepper for retraining locomotion in spinal-injured rodents
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San Francisco: IEEE
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Reinkensmeyer D.J., Timoszyk W.K., De Leon R.D., Joynes R., Kwak E., Minakata K., Edgerton V.R. A robotic stepper for retraining locomotion in spinal-injured rodents. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, San Francisco, CA. 2000;2889-2894 IEEE, San Francisco.
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Reinkensmeyer, D.J.1
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De Leon, R.D.3
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Kwak, E.5
Minakata, K.6
Edgerton, V.R.7
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62
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85031346235
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Comparison of virtual and physical treadmill environments for training stepping after spinal cord injury
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in press
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Timoszyk WK, de Leon RD, London N, Joynes R, Miakata K, Roy RR, Edgerton VR, Reinkensmeyer DJ: Comparison of virtual and physical treadmill environments for training stepping after spinal cord injury. Robotica, in press.
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Robotica
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Timoszyk, W.K.1
De Leon, R.D.2
London, N.3
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Miakata, K.5
Roy, R.R.6
Edgerton, V.R.7
Reinkensmeyer, D.J.8
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63
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Use of robotics in assessing the adaptive capacity of the rat lumbar spinal cord
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in press
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de Leon RD, Reinkensmeyer DJ, Timoszyk W, London N, Roy RR, Edgerton VR: Use of robotics in assessing the adaptive capacity of the rat lumbar spinal cord. Prog Brain Res, in press. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a robotic device to quantify locomotion in spinal rats. The device was used to illustrate the x-y trajectories of repetitive steps when the robotic arms were programmed to function in a passive mode. The feasibility of obtaining detailed kinematic properties of the hindlimbs in spinal rats is demonstrated.
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Prog Brain Res
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De Leon, R.D.1
Reinkensmeyer, D.J.2
Timoszyk, W.3
London, N.4
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64
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Using robotics to teach the spinal cord to walk
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in press
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de Leon RD, Kubasak MD, Phelps PE, Timoszyk WK, Reinkensmeyer DJ, Roy RR, Edgerton VR: Using robotics to teach the spinal cord to walk. Prog Brain Res Rev, in press.This study demonstrates a method to train spinal rats to step using a robotic device as an active, controllable device rather than only as a tool for quantifying locomotion. The results showed that a rat that otherwise could not generate any steps after SCI could perform unassisted steps if the previous step was assisted by the robotic arms: this demonstrates some retention of the kinematically-associated events that were imposed by the robotic arms.
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Prog Brain Res Rev
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De Leon, R.D.1
Kubasak, M.D.2
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Edgerton V.R., Leon R.D., Harkema S.J., Hodgson J.A., London N., Reinkensmeyer D.J., Roy R.R., Talmadge R.J., Tillakaratne N.J., Timoszyk W., Tobin A. Retraining the injured spinal cord. J Physiol. 533:2001;15-22.
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66
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The rat lumbosacral spinal cord adapts to robotic loading applied during stance
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in press
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Timoszyk W, De Leon RD, London N, Roy RR, Edgerton VR, Reinkensmeyer DJ: The rat lumbosacral spinal cord adapts to robotic loading applied during stance. J Neurophysiol in press. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a robotic device for quantitatively assessing thousands of steps. In addition, it shows that imposing a downward force field during the stance phase of a step in complete spinal rats results in a highly adaptive, coordinated and bilateral response that enables the rat to sustain stepping.
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J Neurophysiol
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Timoszyk, W.1
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Houston, TX, in press
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Timoszyk W, Merlo M, De Leon RD, Emken JL, Roy RR, London N, Fong A, Edgerton VR, Reinkensmeyer DJ: Second generation robotic systems for studying rodent locomotion following spinal cord injury. In 2nd Joint Meeting of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society and Biomedical Engineering Society; Houston, TX, in press.
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2nd Joint Meeting of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society and Biomedical Engineering Society
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Timoszyk, W.1
Merlo, M.2
De Leon, R.D.3
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Roy, R.R.5
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Edgerton, V.R.8
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