Locomotor capacity attributable to step training versus spontaneous recovery after spinalization in adult cats

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 79, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 1329-1340

  De Leon, R D ^a   Hodgson, J A ^a   Roy, R R ^a   Edgerton, V R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CAT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; HINDLIMB; LOCOMOTION; LUMBAR SPINAL CORD; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREADMILL; WEIGHT BEARING;

EID: 0031942720     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1329     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. BARBEAU, H., JULIEN, C., AND ROSSIGNOL, S. The effects of clonidine and yohimbine on locomotion and cutaneous reflexes in the adult chronic spinal cat. Brain Res. 437: 83-96, 1987.
2. BARBEAU, H. AND ROSSIGNOL, S. Recovery of locomotion after chronic spinalization in the adult cat. Brain Res. 412: 84-95, 1987.
3. BARBEAU, H. AND ROSSIGNOL, S. Initiation and modulation of the locomotor pattern in the adult chronic spinal cat by noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic drugs. Brain Res. 546: 250-260, 1991.
4. BARBEAU, H., CHAU, C., AND ROSSIGNOL, S. Noradrenergic agonists and locomotor training affect locomotor recovery after cord transection in adult cats. Brain Res. Bull. 30: 387-393, 1993.
5. BELANGER, M., DREW, T., PROVENCHER, J., AND ROSSIGNOL, S. A comparison of treadmill locomotion in adult cats before and after spinal transection. J. Neurophysiol. 76: 471-491, 1996.
6. DE GUZMAN, C. P., ROY, R. R., HODGSON, J. A., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Coordination of motor pools controlling the ankle musculature in adult spinal cats during treadmill walking. Brain Res. 555: 202-214, 1991.
7. DE LEON, R., HODGSON, J. A., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Extensorand flexor-like modulation within motor pools of the rat hindlimb during treadmill locomotion and swimming. Brain Res. 654: 241-250, 1994.
8. EDGERTON, V. R., DE LEON, R. D., TILLAKARATNE, N., RECKTENWALD, M. R., HODGSON, J. A., AND ROY, R. R. Use-dependent plasticity in spinal stepping and standing. In: Advances in Neurology: Neuronal Regeneration, Reorganization and Repair. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven, 1997a, p. 233-247.
9. EDGERTON, V. R., ROY, R. R., DE LEON, R., TILLAKARATNE, N., AND HODGSON, J. A. Does motor learning occur in the spinal cord? Neuroscientist 3: 287-294, 1997b.
10. EDGERTON, V. R., ROY, R. R., HODGSON, J. A., GREGOR, R. J., AND DE GUZMAN, C. P. Recovery of full weight-supporting locomotion of the hindlimbs after complete thoracic spinalization of adult and neonatal cats. In: Restorative Neurology, Plasticity of Motoneuronal Connections. New York: Elsevier, 1991, p. 405-418.
11. EFRON, B. AND TIBSHIRANI, R. Statistical data analysis in the computer age. Science 253: 390-395, 1991.
12. EIDELBERG, E., STORY, J. L., MEYER, B. L., AND NYSTEL, J. Stepping by chronic spinal cats. Exp. Brain Res. 40: 241-246, 1980.
13. FORSSBERG, H., GRILLNER, S., AND HALBERTSMA, J. The locomotion of the low spinal cat. I. Coordination within a hindlimb. Acta Physiol. Scand. 108: 269-281, 1980.
14. GOSLOW, G. E., REINKING, R. M., AND STUART, D. G. The cat step cycle: hind limb joint angles and muscle lengths during unrestrained locomotion. J. Morphol. 141: 1-41, 1973.
15. GRILLNER, S. Locomotion in the spinal cat. In: Control of Posture and Locomotion. New York: Plenum, 1973, p. 515-535.
16. GRILLNER, S. Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. Bethseda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1981, Sect. 1, p. 1179-1236.
17. HODGSON, J. A., ROY, R. R., DE LEON, R., DOBKJN, B., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Can the mammalian lumbar spinal cord learn a motor task? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26: 1491-1497, 1994.
18. LOVELY, R. G., GREGOR, R. G., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Effects of training on the recovery of full-weight-bearing stepping in the adult spinal cat. Exp. Neural. 92: 421-435, 1986.
19. LOVELY, R. G., GREGOR, R. J., ROY, R. R., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Weight-bearing hindlimb stepping in treadmill-exercised adult spinal cats. Brain Res. 514: 206-218, 1990.
20. MILLER, S., VAN DER BURG, J., AND VAN DER MECHE, F.G.A. Coordination of movements of the hindlimbs and forelimbs in different forms of locomotion in normal and decerebrate cats. Brain Res. 91: 217-237, 1975.
21. MILLER, S. AND VAN DER MECHE, F.G.A. Coordinated stepping of all four limbs in the high spinal cat. Brain Res. 109: 395-398, 1976.
22. PHILIPPSON, M. L'autonomie et la centralisation dans le système nerveux des animaux. Trav. Lab. Physiol. Inst. Solvay Bruxelles. 7: 1-28, 1905.
23. PIEROTTI, D. J., ROY, R. R., GREGOR, R. J., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Electromyographic activity of cat hindlimb flexors and extensors during locomotion at varying speeds and inclines. Brain Res. 481: 57-66, 1989.
24. ROBINSON, G. A. AND GOLDBERGER, M. E. The development and recovery of motor function in spinal cats. I. The infant lesion effect. Exp. Brain Res. 62: 373-386, 1986a.
25. ROBINSON, G. A. AND GOLDBERGER, M. E. The development and recovery of motor function in spinal cats. II. Pharmacological enhancement of recovery. Exp. Brain Res 62: 387-400, 1986b.
26. ROY, R. R. AND ACOSTA, L. Fiber type and fiber size changes in selected thigh muscles six months after low thoracic spinal cord transection in adult cats: exercise effects. Exp. Neurol 92: 675-685, 1986.
27. ROY, R. R., BALDWIN, K. M., AND EDGERTON, V. R. The plasticity of skeletal muscle: effects of neuromuscular activity. In: Exercise and Span Science Reviews. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1991, p. 269-312.
28. ROY, R. R., HODGSON, J. A., LAURETZ, S. D., PIEROTTI, D. J., GAYEK, R. J., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Chronic spinal cord-injured cats: surgical procedures and management. Lab. Anim, Sci. 42: 335-343, 1992.
29. ROY, R. R., TALMADGE, R. J., HODGSON, J. A., ZHONG, H., BALDWIN, K. M., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Training effects on soleus of cats spinal cord transected (T12-13) as adults. Muscle Nerve. In press.
30. SMITH, J. L., SMITH, L. A., ZERNICKE, R. F., AND HOY, M. Locomotion in exercised and nonexercised cats cordotomized at two or twelve weeks of age. Exp. Neurol 76: 393-413, 1982.
31. TULLY, T. AND QUINN, W. G. Classical conditioning and retention in normal and mutant Drosophila melanogaster. J. Comp. Physiol. 157: 263-277, 1985.