Targeted trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors to synaptic sites

Molecular Neurobiology

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 117-135

  Marchand, Sophie ^a   Cartaud, Jean ^a  

^a INSTITUT JACQUES MONOD   (France)

Author keywords

Cytoskeleton; Exocytic pathway; Neurotransmitter receptor; Raft; Scaffolding protein; SNARE; Sorting sequence; Synapse; Targeting

Indexed keywords

AMPA RECEPTOR; BINDING PROTEIN; CELL PROTEIN; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; IONOTROPIC RECEPTOR; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTOR; POST SYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95; PROTEIN; RNA BINDING PROTEIN; SNARE PROTEIN; SPHINGOLIPID; SYNAPSE RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CELL COMPOSITION; CELL SURFACE; CYTOSKELETON; HUMAN; MACHINE; MESSENGER RNA SYNTHESIS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; SYNAPSE;

EID: 0036700499     PISSN: 08937648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1385/MN:26:1:117     Document Type: Review

References (134)

1. Lee S. H. and Sheng M. (2000) Development of neuron-neuron synapses. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 125-131.
2. Duclert A. and Changeux J. P. (1995)) Acetylcholine receptor gene expression at the developing neuromuscular junction. Physiol. Rev. 75, 339-368.
3. Hall Z. W. and Sanes J. R. (1993) Synaptic structure and development: the neuromuscular junction. Cell 72 Suppl., 99-121.
4. Sanes J. R. and Lichtman J. W. (1999) Development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 22, 389-442.
5. Racca C., Gardiol A., and Triller A. (1997) Dendritic and postsynaptic localizations of glycine receptor alpha subunit mRNAs. J. Neurosci. 17, 1691-1700.
6. Jasmin B. J., Cartaud J., Bornens M., and Changeux J. P. (1989) Golgi apparatus in chick skeletal muscle: changes in its distribution during end plate development and after denervation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 7218-7222.
7. Jasmin B. J., Changeux J. P., and Cartaud J. (1990) Compartmentalization of cold-stable and acetylated microtubules in the subsynaptic domain of chick skeletal muscle fibre. Nature 344, 673-675.
8. Ralston E., Lu Z., and Ploug T. (1999) The organization of the Golgi complex and microtubules in skeletal muscle is fiber type-dependent. J. Neurosci. 19, 10694-705.
9. Steward O. and Schuman E. M. (2001) Protein synthesis at synaptic sites on dendrites. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 299-325.
10. Rodriguez-Boulan E. and Powell S. K. (1992) Polarity of epithelial and neuronal cells. Annu. Rev. Cell. Biol. 8, 395-427.
11. Nelson W. J., Yeaman C., and Grindstaff K. K. (2000) in Frontiers in Molecular Biology, Cell Polarity, (Drubin D. G., ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 106-140.
12. Matter K., Hunziker W., and Mellman I. (1992) Basolateral sorting of LDL receptor in MDCK cells: the cytoplasmic domain contains two tyrosine-dependent targeting determinants. Cell 71, 741-753.
13. Matter K., Yamamoto E. M., and Mellman I. (1994) Structural requirements and sequence motifs for polarized sorting and endocytosis of LDL and Fc receptors in MDCK cells. J. Cell Biol. 126, 991-1004.
14. Odorizzi G. and Trowbridge I. S. (1997) Structural requirements for basolateral sorting of the human transferrin receptor in the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J. Cell Biol. 137, 1255-1264.
15. Simmen T., Nobile M., Bonifacino J. S., and Hunziker W. (1999) Basolateral sorting of furin in MDCK cells requires a phenylalanine-isoleucine motif together with an acidic amino acid cluster. Mol Cell Biol. 19, 3136-3144.
16. Tugizov S., Maidji E., Xiao J., Zheng Z., and Pereira L. (1998) Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B contains autonomous determinants for vectorial targeting to apical membranes of polarized epithelial cells. J. Virol. 72, 7374-7386.
17. Kundu A., Avalos R. T., Sanderson C. M., and Nayak D. P. (1996) Transmembrane domain of influenza virus neuraminidase, a type II protein, possesses an apical sorting signal in polarized MDCK cells. J. Virol. 70, 6508-6515.
18. Chuang J. Z. and Sung C. H. (1998) The cytoplasmic tail of rhodopsin acts as a novel apical sorting signal in polarized MDCK cells. J. Cell Biol. 142, 1245-1256.
19. Muth T. R., Ahn J., and Caplan M. J. (1998) Identification of sorting determinants in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tails of the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters GAT-2 and GAT-3. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 25616-25627.
20. Jacob R., Preuss U., Panzer P., Alfalah M., Quack S., Roth M. G., et al. (1999) Hierarchy of sorting signals in chimeras of intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase and the influenza virus hemagglutinin. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8061-8067.
21. Scheiffele P., Peranen J., and Simons K. (1995) N-glycans as apical sorting signals in epithelial cells. Nature 378, 96-98.
22. Hobert M. E., Kil S. J., Medof M. E., and Carlin C. R. (1997) The cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor contains a novel autonomous basolateral sorting determinant. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 32901-32909.
23. Kozarsky K. F., Call S. M., Dower S. K., and Krieger M. (1988) Abnormal intracellular sorting of O-linked carbohydrate-deficient interleukin-2 receptors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 3357-3363.
24. Alfalah M., Jacob R., Preuss U., Zimmer K. P., Naim H., and Naim H. Y. (1999) O-linked glycans mediate apical sorting of human intestinal sucrase-isomaltase through association with lipid rafts. Curr. Biol. 9, 593-596.
25. Lisanti M. P., Caras I. W., Davitz M. A., and Rodriguez-Boulan E. (1989) Steady-state distribution and biogenesis of endogenous Madin-Darby canine kidney glycoproteins: evidence for intracellular sorting and polarized cell surface delivery. J. Cell Biol. 109, 2145-2156.
26. Simons K. and Ikonen E. (1997) Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature 387, 569-572.
27. Puertollano R. and Alonso M. A. (1999) Targeting of MAL, a putative element of the apical sorting machinery, to glycolipid-enriched membranes requires a pre-golgi sorting event. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254, 689-692.
28. Martin-Belmonte F., Puertollano R., Millan J., and Alonso M. A. (2000) The MAL proteolipid is necessary for the overall apical delivery of membrane proteins in the polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney and fischer rat thyroid cell lines. Mol. Biol. Cell. 11, 2033-2045.
29. Mays R. W., Beck K. A., and Nelson W. J. (1994) Organization and function of the cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells: a component of the protein sorting machinery. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6, 16-24.
30. Lafont F. and Simons K. (1996) The role of microtubule-based motors in the exocytic transport of polarized cells. Semin Cell Dev. Biol. 7, 343-355.
31. Terada S. and Hirokawa N. (2000) Moving on to the cargo problem of microtubule-dependent motors in neurons. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 566-5673.
32. Söllner T., Bennett M. K., Whiteheart S. W., Scheller R. H., and Rothman J. E. (1993) A protein assembly-disassembly pathway in vitro that may correspond to sequential steps of synaptic vesicle docking, activation, and fusion. Cell 75, 409-418.
33. Söllner T., Whiteheart S. W., Brunner M., Erdjument-Bromage H., Geromanos S., Tempst P., and Rothman J. E. (1993) SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion. Nature 362, 318-324.
34. Low S. H., Chapin S. J., Wimmer C., Whiteheart S. W., Komuves L. G., Mostov K. E., and Weimbs T. (1998) The SNARE machinery is involved in apical plasma membrane trafficking in MDCK cells. J. Cell Biol. 141, 1503-1513.
35. Galli T., Zahraoui A., Vaidyanathan V. V., Raposo G., Tian J. M., Karin M., Niemann H., and Louvard D. (1998) A novel tetanus neuro-toxin-insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein in SNARE complexes of the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Mol. Biol. Cell. 9, 1437-1448.
36. Dotti C. G. and Simons K. (1990) Polarized sorting of virai glycoproteins to the axon and dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. Post-Golgi biosynthetic trafficking. Cell 62, 63-72.
37. West A. E., Neve R. L., and Buckley K. M. (1997) Identification of a somatodendritic targeting signal in the cytoplasmic domain of the transferrin receptor. J. Neurosci. 17, 6038-6047.
38. Keller P. and Simons K. (1997) Post-Golgi biosynthetic trafficking. J. Cell Sci. 110, 3001-3009.
39. Steward O. and Levy W. B. (1982) Preferential localization of polyribosomes under the base of dendritic spines in granule cells of the dentate gyrus. J. Neurosci. 2, 284-291.
40. Gardiol A., Racca C., and Triller A. (1999) Dendritic and postsynaptic protein synthetic machinery. J. Neurosci. 19, 168-179.
41. Rao A. and Steward O. (1991) Evidence that protein constituents of postsynaptic membrane specializations are locally synthesized: analysis of proteins synthesized within synaptosomes. J. Neurosci. 11, 2881-2895.
42. Torre E. R. and Steward O. (1996) Protein synthesis within dendrites: glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins in dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. J. Neurosci. 16, 5967-5978.
43. Kiebler M. A. and DesGroseillers L. (2000) Molecular insights into mRNA transport and local translation in the mammalian nervous system. Neuron 25, 19-28.
44. Benson D. L. (1997) Dendritic compartmentation of NMDA receptor mRNA in cultured hippocampal neurons. Neuroreport. 8, 823-8.
45. Gazzaley A. H., Benson D. L., Huntley G. W., and Morrison J. H. (1997) Differential subcellular regulation of NMDAR1 protein and mRNA in dendrites of dentate gyrus granule cells after perforant path transection. J. Neurosci. 17, 2006-2017.
46. Gao F. B. (1998) Messenger RNAs in dendrites: localization, stability, and implications for neuronal function. Bioessays 20, 70-78.
47. Martin K. C., Barad M., and Kandel E. R. (2000) Local protein synthesis and its role in synapse-specific plasticity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 587-92.
48. Gardiol A., Racca C., and Triller A. (2001) RNA transport and local protein synthesis in the dendritic compartment. Results Probl. Cell Differ. 34, 105-128.
49. Mayford M., Baranes D., Podsypanina K., and Kandel E. (1996) The 3′-untranslated region of CaMKII alpha is a cis-acting signal for the localization and translation of mRNA in dendrites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 13250-13255.
50. Mori Y., Imaizumi K., Katayama T., Yoneda T., and Tohyama M. (2000) Two cis-acting elements in the 3′ untranslated region of alpha-CaMKII regulate its dendritic targeting. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 1079-1084.
51. Blichenberg A., Rehbein M., Muller R., Garner C. C., Richter D., and Kindler S. (2001) Identification of a cis-acting dendritic targeting element in the mRNA encoding the alpha subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Eur. J. Neurosci. 13, 1881-1888.
52. Kislauskis E. H., Zhu X., and Singer R. H. (1994) Sequences responsible for intracellular localization of beta-actin messenger RNA also affect cell phenotype. J. Cell Biol. 127, 441-451.
53. Blichenberg A., Schwanke B., Rehbein M., Garner C. C., Richter D., and Kindler S. (1999) Identification of a cis-acting dendritic targeting element in MAP2 mRNAs. J. Neurosci. 19, 8818-8829.
54. Gramolini A. O., Belanger G., and Jasmin B. J. (2001) Distinct regions in the 3′ untranslated region are responsible for targeting and stabilizing utrophin transcripts in skeletal muscle cells. J. Cell Biol. 154, 1173-1183.
55. Bashirullah A., Cooperstock R. L., and Lipshitz H. D. (1998) RNA localization in development. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 335-394.
56. Kiebler M. A., Hemraj I., Verkade P., Kohrmann M., Fortes P., Marion R. M., Ortin J., and Dotti C. G. (1999) The mammalian staufen protein localizes to the somatodendritic domain of cultured hippocampal neurons: implications for its involvement in mRNA transport. J. Neurosci. 19, 288-297.
57. Ross A. F., Oleynikov Y., Kislauskis E. H., Taneja K. L., and Singer R. H. (1997) Characterization of a beta-actin mRNA zipcode-binding protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 2158-2165.
58. Muramatsu T., Ohmae A., and Anzai K. (1998) BC1 RNA protein particles in mouse brain contain two y-,h-element-binding proteins, translin and a 37 kDa protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247, 7-11.
59. Severt W. L., Biber T. U., Wu X., Hecht N. B., DeLorenzo R. J., and Jakoi E. R. (1999) The suppression of testis-brain RNA binding protein and kinesin heavy chain disrupts mRNA sorting in dendrites. J. Cell Sci. 112, 3691-3702.
60. Roegiers F. and Jan Y. N. (2000) Staufen: a common component of mRNA transport in oocytes and neurons? Trends Cell Biol. 10, 220-4.
61. Kohrmann M., Luo M., Kaether C., DesGroseillers L., Dotti C. G., and Kiebler M. A. (1999) Microtubule-dependent recruitment of Staufengreen fluorescent protein into large RNA-containing granules and subsequent dendritic transport in living hippocampal neurons. Mol. Biol. Cell. 10, 2945-2953.
62. Belanger G., Lunde J. A., DesGroseillers L., and Jasmin B. J. (2000) Expression of the mRNA-binding protein Staufen at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. Mol. Biol. Cell 11, suppl., 157a.
63. Kim-Ha J., Kerr K., and Macdonald P. M. (1995) Translational regulation of oskar mRNA by bruno, an ovarian RNA-binding protein, is essential. Cell 81, 403-412.
64. Norvell A., Kelley R. L., Wehr K., and Schupbach T. (1999) Specific isoforms of squid, a Drosophila hnRNP, perform distinct roles in Gurken localization during oogenesis. Genes Dev. 13, 864-876.
65. Micklem D. R., Adams J., Grunert S., and St Johnston D. (2000) Distinct roles of two conserved Staufen domains in oskar mRNA localization and translation. EMBO J. 19, 1366-1377.
66. Wu L., Wells D., Tay J., Mendis D., Abbott M. A., Barnitt A., et al. (1998) CPEB-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation and the regulation of experience-dependent translation of alpha-CaMKII mRNA at synapses. Neuron 21, 1129-1139.
67. Chan W. Y., Soloviev M. M., Ciruela F., and McIlhinney R. A. (2001) Molecular determinants of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1B trafficking. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 17, 577-588.
68. Scott D. B., Blanpied T. A., Swanson G. T., Zhang C., and Ehlers M. D. (2001) An NMDA receptor ER retention signal regulated by phosphorylation and alternative splicing. J. Neurosci. 21, 3063-3072.
69. Margeta-Mitrovic M., Jan Y. N., and Jan L. Y. (2000) A trafficking checkpoint controls GABA(B) receptor heterodimerization. Neuron 27, 97-106.
70. Leuschner W. D. and Hoch W. (1999) Subtype-specific assembly of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor subunits is mediated by their n-terminal domains. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 16907-16916.
71. Keller S. H., Lindstrom J., Ellisman M., and Taylor P. (2001) Adjacent basic amino acid residues recognized by the COP I complex and ubiquitination govern endoplasmic reticulum to cell surface trafficking of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-Subunit. J. Biol Chem. 276, 18384-18391.
72. Sorenson E. M., El-Bogdadi D. G., Nong Y., and Chiappinelli V. A. (2001) α7-Containing nicotinic receptors are segregated to the somatodendritic membrane of the cholinergic neurons in the avian nucleus semilunaris. Neuroscience 103, 541-550.
73. Stowell J. N. and Craig A. M. (1999) Axon/dendrite targeting of metabotropic glutamate receptors by their cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal domains. Neuron 22, 525-536.
74. Ruberti F. and Dotti C. G. (2000) Involvement of the proximal C terminus of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 in dendritic sorting. J. Neurosci. 20, 1-5.
75. Jareb M. and Banker G. (1998) The polarized sorting of membrane proteins expressed in cultured hippocampal neurons using viral vectors. Neuron 20, 855-867.
76. Poyatos I., Ruberti F., Martinez-Maza R., Gimenez C., Dotti C. G., and Zafra F. (2000) Polarized distribution of glycine transporter isoforms in epithelial and neuronal cells. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 15, 99-111.
77. Nadler L. S., Kumar G., and Nathanson N. M. (2001) Identification of a basolateral sorting signal for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J. Biol. Chern. 276, 10539-10547.
78. McCarthy J. B., Lim S. T., Elkind N. B., Trimmer J. S.,Duvoisin R. M., Rodriguez-Boulan E., and Caplan M. J. (2001) The C-terminal tail of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 is necessary but not sufficient for cell surface delivery and polarized targeting in neurons and epithelia. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 9133-9140.
79. Williams B. M., Temburni M. K., Schwartz Levey M., Bertrand S., Bertrand D., and Jacob M. H. (1998) The long internal loop of the alpha 3 subunit targets nAChRs to subdomains within individual synapses on neurons in vivo. Nat. Neurosci. 1, 557-562.
80. Ponting C. P., Phillips C., Davies K. E., and Blake D. J. (1997) PDZ domains: targeting signalling molecules to sub-membranous sites. Bioessays 19, 469-479.
81. Dimitratos S. D., Woods D. F., Stathakis D. G., and Bryant P. J. (1999) Signaling pathways are focused at specialized regions of the plasma membrane by scaffolding proteins of the MAGUK family. Bioessays 21, 912-921.
82. Fanning A. S. and Anderson J. M. (1999) Protein modules as organizers of membrane structure. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 4, 432-439.
83. Sheng M. and Pak D. T. (2000) Ligand-gated ion channel interactions with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 62, 755-778.
84. Garner C. C., Nash J., and Huganir R. L. (2000) PDZ domains in synapse assembly and signalling. Trends Cell Biol. 10, 274-80.
85. Sheng M. and Pak D. T. (1999) Glutamate receptor anchoring proteins and the molecular organization of excitatory synapses. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 868, 483-493.
86. Sheng M., and Sala C. (2001) PDZ domains and the organization of supramolecular complexes. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 1-29.
87. Foletti D. L., Prekeris R., and Scheller R. H. (1999) Generation and maintenance of neuronal polarity: mechanisms of transport and targeting. Neuron 23, 641-644.
88. Rongo C., Whitfield C. W., Rodal A., Kim S. K., and Kaplan J. M. (1998) LIN-10 is a shared component of the polarized protein localization pathways in neurons and epithelia. Cell 94, 751-759.
89. Butz S., Okamoto M., and Sudhof T. C. (1998) A tripartite protein complex with the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Cell 94, 773-782.
90. Borg J. P., Lopez-Figueroa M. O., de Taddeo-Borg M., Kroon D. E., Turner R. S., Watson S. J., and Margolis B. (1999) Molecular analysis of the X11-mLin-2/CASK complex in brain. J. Neurosci. 19, 1307-1316.
91. Whitfield C. W., Benard C., Barnes T., Hekimi S., and Kim S. K. (1999) Basolateral localization of the Caenorhabditis elegans epidermal growth factor receptor in epithelial cells by the PDZ protein LIN-10. Mol. Biol. Cell 10, 2087-2100.
92. El-Husseini A. E., Craven S. E., Chetkovich D. M., Firestein B. L., Schnell E., Aoki C., and Bredt D. S. (2000) Dual palmitoylation of PSD-95 mediates its vesiculotubular sorting, postsynaptic targeting, and ion channel clustering. J. Cell Biol. 148, 159-172.
93. Sans N., Racca C., Petralia R. S., Wang Y. X., McCallum J., and Wenthold R. J. (2001) Synapse-associated protein 97 selectively associates with a subset of AMPA receptors early in their biosynthetic pathway. J. Neurosci. 21, 7506-7516.
94. Chen L., Chetkovich D. M., Petralia R. S., Sweeney N. T., Kawasaki Y., Wenthold R. J., Bredt D. S., and Roger A. N. (2000) Stargazing regulates synaptic targeting of AMPA receptors by two distinct mechanisms. Nature 408, 936-943.
95. Tomita S., Nicoll R. A., and Bredt D.S. (2001) PDZ protein interactions regulating glutamate receptor function and plasticity. J. Cell Biol. 153, F19-F23.
96. Dong H., Zhang P., Liao D., and Huganir R. L. (1999) Characterization, expression, and distribution of GRIP protein. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 868, 535-540.
97. Brakeman P. R., Lanahan A. A., O'Brien R., Roche K., Barnes C. A., Hugani, R. L., and Worley P. F. (1997) Homer: a protein that selectively binds metabotropic glutamate receptors. Nature 386, 284-288.
98. Bloch R. J. and Froehner S. C. (1987) The relationship of the postsynaptic 43K protein to acetylcholine receptors in receptor clusters isolated from cultured rat myotubes. J. Cell Biol. 104, 645-654.
99. Froehner S. C., Luetje C. W., Scotland P. B., and Patrick J. (1990) The postsynaptic 43K protein clusters muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Xenopus oocytes. Neuron 5, 403-410.
100. Kirsch J., Wolters I., Triller A., and Betz H. (1993) Gephyrin antisense oligonucleotides prevent glycine receptor clustering in spinal neurons. Nature 366, 745-748.
101. Kirsch J. and Betz H. (1995) The postsynaptic localization of the glycine receptor-associated protein gephyrin is regulated by the cytoskeleton. J. Neurosci. J. Neurosci. 15, 4148-4156.
102. Essrich C., Lorez M., Benson J. A., Fritschy J. M. and Luscher B. (1998) Postsynaptic clustering of major GABAA receptor subtypes requires the gamma 2 subunit and gephyrin. Nat. Neurosci. 1, 563-571.
103. Ango F., Pin J. P., Tu J. C., Xiao B., Worley P. F., Bockaert J. and Fagni L. (2000) Dendritic and axonal targeting of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor is regulated by homer1 proteins and neuronal excitation. J. Neurosci. 20, 8710-8716.
104. Roche K. W., Tu J. C., Petralia R. S., Xiao B., Wenthold R. J. and Worley P. F. (1999) Homer 1b regulates the trafficking of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 25953-25957.
105. Ciruela F., Soloviev M. M. and McIlhinney R. A. (1999) Co-expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1alpha with homer-1a/Vesl-1S increases the cell surface expression of the receptor. Biochem. J. 341, 795-803.
106. Ciruela F., Soloviev M. M., Chan W. Y. and McIlhinney R. A. (2000) Homer-1c/Vesl-1L modulates the cell surface targeting of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1alpha: evidence for an anchoring function. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 15, 36-50.
107. Marchand S., Bignami F., Stetzkowski-Marden F. and Cartaud J. (2000) The myristoylated protein rapsyn is cotargeted with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to the postsynaptic membrane via the exocytic pathway. J. Neurosci. 20, 521-528.
108. Barnes E. M. Jr. (2000) Intracellular trafficking of GABA(A) receptors. Life Sci. 66, 1063-1070.
109. Ikonen E. (2001) Roles of lipid rafts in membrane transport. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13, 470-477.
110. Bruses J. L., Chauvet N. and Rutishauser U. (2001) Membrane lipid raffs are necessary for the maintenance of the (alpha)7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in somatic spines of ciliary neurons. J. Neurosci. 21 (2), 504-512.
111. Suzuki T., Ito J., Takagi H., Saitoh F., Nawa H. and Shimizu H. (2001) Biochemical evidence for localization of AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits inthe dendritic raft. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 89, 20-28.
112. Bruckner K., Pablo Labrador J., Scheiffele P., Herb A., Seeburg P. H. and Klein R. (1999) EphrinB ligands recruit GRIP family PDZ adaptor proteins into raft membrane microdomains. Neuron 22 (3), 511-524.
113. Hirokawa N. (1998) Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins and the mechanism of organelle transport. Science 279, 519-526.
114. Setou M., Nakagawa T., Seog D. H. and Hirokawa N. (2000) Kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF17 and mLin-10 in NMDA receptor-containing vesicle transport. Science 288, 1796-1802.
115. Camus G., Jasmin B. J. and Cartaud J. (1998) Polarized sorting of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to the postsynaptic membrane in Torpedo electrocyte. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10, 839-852.
116. Bignami F., Camus G., Marchand S., Bailly L., Stetzkowski-Marden F. and Cartaud J. (1998) Targeting of acetylcholine receptor and 43 kDa rapsyn to the postsynaptic membrane in Torpedo marmorata electrocyte. J. Physiol. Paris 92, 177-181.
117. Kirsch J., Meyer G. and Betz H. (1996) Synaptic targeting of ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 8, 93-98.
118. Brenman J. E., Topinka J. R., Cooper E. C., McGee A. W., Rosen J., Milroy T., Ralston H. J. and Bredt D. S. (1998) Localization of postsynaptic density-93 to dendritic microtubules and interaction with microtubule-associated protein 1A. J. Neurosci. 18, 8805-8813.
119. Niethammer M., Valtschanoff J. G., Kapoor T. M., Allison D. W., Weinberg T. M., Craig A. M. and Sheng M. (1998) CRIPT, a novel postsynaptic protein that binds to the third PDZ domain of PSD-95/SAP90. Neuron 20, 693-707.
120. Meyer G., Kirsch J., Betz H. and Langosh D. (1995) Identification of a gephyrin binding motif on the glycine receptor beta subunit. Neuron 15, 563-572.
121. Wang H. B., Bedford F. K., Brandon N. J., Moss S. J. and Olsen R. W. (1999) GABA(A)-receptor-associated protein links GABA(A) receptors and the cytoskeleton. Nature 397, 69-72.
122. Hanley J. G., Koulen P., Bedford F., Gordon-Weeks P. R. and Moss S. J. (1999) The protein MAP-1B links GABA(C) receptors to the cytoskeleton at retinal synapses. Nature 397, 66-69.
123. Lumeng C., Phelps S., Crawford G. E., Walden P. D., Barald K. and Chamberlain J. S. (1999) Interactions between b2-syntrophin and a family of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinases. Nat. Neurosci. 2, 611-617.
124. Marchand S., Stetzkowski-Marden F. and Cartaud J. (2001) Differential targeting of components of dystrophin complex to the postsynaptic membrane. Eur. J. Neurosci. 13, 221-229.
125. Kneussel M., Haverkamp S., Fuhrmann J. C., Wang H., Wassle H., Olsen R. W. and Betz H. (2000) The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR)-associated protein GABARAP interacts with gephyrin bur is not involved in receptor anchoring at the synapse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 8594-8599.
126. Kittler J. T., Rostaing P., Schiavo G., Fritschy J. M., Olsen R., Triller A. and Moss S. J. (2001) The subcellular distribution of GABARAP and its ability to interact with NSF suggest a role for this protein in the intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 18, 13-25.
127. Chilcote T. J., Galli T., Mundigl O., Edelmann L., McPherson P. S., Takei K. and De Camilli P. (1995) Cellubrevin and synaptobrevins: similar subcellular localization and biochemical properties in PC12 cells. J. Cell Biol. 129, 219-231.
128. Grosse G., Gross J., Tapp R., Kuchinke J., Gorsleben M., Fetter I., et al. (1999) SNAP-25 requirement for dendritic growth of hippocampal neurons. J. Neurosci Res. 56, 539-546.
129. Tao-Cheng J. H., Du J., and McBain C. J. (2000) Snap-25 is polarized to axons and abundant along the axolemma: an immunogold study of intact neurons. J. Neurocytol. 29, 67-77.
130. Song I., Kamboj S.,Xia J., Dong H., Liao D., and Huganir R. L. (1998) Interaction of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor with AMPA receptors. Neuron 21, 393-400.
131. Lan J. Y., Skeberdis V. A., Jover T., Grooms S. Y., Lin Y., Araneda R. C., et al. (2001) Protein kinase C modulates NMDA receptor trafficking and gating. Nat. Neurosci. 4, 382-390.
132. Hazuka C. D., Foletti D. L., Hsu S. C., Kee Y., Hopf F. W., and Scheller R. H. (1999) The sec6/8 complex is located at neurite outgrowth and axonal synapse-assembly domains. J. Neurosci. 19, 1324-1334.
133. Strochlic L., Cartaud A., Labas V., Hoch W., Rossier J., and Cartaud J. (2001) MAGI-1c: a synaptic MAGUK interacting with MuSK at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. J. Cell. Biol. 153, 1127-1132.
134. Nelson W. J. (1992) Regulation of cell surface polarity from bacteria to mammals. Science 258, 948-955.