New approaches to immunosuppression in liver transplantation

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 116-126

  Goddard, Sarah ^a   Adams, David H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Graft rejection; Immunological tolerance; Immunosuppression; Liver; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR; CD40 LIGAND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; CYCLOSPORIN; FINGOLIMOD; GAMMA INTERFERON; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; LEFLUNOMIDE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CD28; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; RAPAMYCIN; TACROLIMUS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CELL ADHESION; CELL DEATH; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CLONAL ANERGY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG MECHANISM; GRAFT REJECTION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0036230402     PISSN: 08159319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02633.x     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Liver-transplantation
2. New immunosuppressive drugs - Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic advances
3. Medical complications of liver-transplantation
4. Immunosuppression in liver-transplantation
5. Nephrotoxicity following orthotopic liver-transplantation - A comparison between cyclosporine and fk506
6. Tolerance and liver transplantation
7. The essential role of parenchymal tissues and passenger leukocytes in the tolerance induced by liver grafting in rats
8. Donor cell chimerism permitted by immunosuppressive drugs: A new view of organ transplantation
9. Antigen localization and migration in immunity and tolerance
10. Immunosuppression withdrawal in long-term liver recipients
11. Defining the outcome of immunosuppression withdrawal after liver transplantation
12. Demonstration of donor-specific hyporeactivity in tolerant liver- transplant recipients by the measurement of antidonor helper t-lymphocytes precursor frequencies
13. Patterns of graft rejection following liver transplantation
14. Dendritic cells
15. Dendritic cells as regulators of immune reactivity: Implications for transplantation
16. Differential expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in rejecting human liver transplants
17. Lymphocyte homing to allografts
18. Update of the international banff schema for liver allograft rejection: Working recommendations for histopathologic staging reporting chronic rejection
19. CD40 activation induces apoptosis in cultured human hepatocytes via induction of cell surface FasL expression and amplifies Fas mediated hepatocyte death during allograft rejection
20. CD40 activation induced Fas dependent apoptosis and NFkB/AP-1 signalling in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial Cells
21. Evidence that portal tract microvascular destruction precedes bile-duct loss in human liver allograft-rejection
22. Atherosclerosis of the liver allograft
23. Induction of immunological tolerance by porcine liver allografts
24. Antigen-specific immunosuppression induced by liver transplantation in the rat
25. Weaning of immunosuppression in long-term liver-transplant recipients
26. Acute liver allograft rejection - Is treatment always necessary?
27. Steroid withdrawal from long-term immunosuppression in liver allograft recipients
28. Weaning of immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients
29. Defining the outcome of immunosuppression withdrawal after liver transplantation
30. Local control of the immune response in the liver
31. Costimulation of T lymphocytes: The role of CD28, CTLA-4, and B7/BB1 in interleukin-2 production and immunotherapy
32. Homeostasis and self-tolerance in the immune system: Turning lymphocytes off
33. The CD40 pathway in allograft rejection, acceptance and tolerance
34. Immunogenicity of biliary epithelium: Investigation of antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells
35. Major histocompatibility complex class ii-expressing endothelial-cells induce allospecific nonresponsiveness in naive t-cells
36. Direct and indirect recognition: The role of MHC antigens in graft rejection
37. The functional relevance of passenger leukocytes and microchimerism for heart allograft acceptance in the rat
38. CD4 T cells can reject major histocompatibility complex class I-incompatible skin grafts
39. Cell migration and chimerism after whole-organ transplantation: The basis of graft acceptance
40. Cell migration, chimerism, and graft acceptance
41. Donor-derived chimerism in recipients of organ transplants
42. Microchimerism and rejection in clinical transplantation: Methodology revisited
43. Donor-type microchimerism associated with graft rejection eight years after liver transplantation
44. Donor-specific bone-marrow infusion after orthotopic liver-transplantation
45. Augmentation of natural chimerism with donor bone marrow in orthotopic liver recipients
46. Apoptosis within spontaneously accepted mouse liver allografts: Evidence for deletion of cytotoxic T cells and implications for tolerance induction
47. Die and let live: Eliminating dangerous lymphocytes
48. Hierarchical control of lymphocyte survival
49. Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4
50. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis
51. Requirement for T-cell apoptosis in the induction of peripheral transplantation tolerance
52. Involvement of the CD95 (APO1/FAS) receptor and ligand in liver damage
53. Fidelity of T cell activation through multistep T cell receptor zeta phosphorylation
54. A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis
55. 'Infectious' transplantation tolerance
56. How do monoclonal antibodies induce tolerance? A role for infectious tolerance?
57. The Th1/Th2 paradigm and the allograft response
58. Cytokines and transplantation: Th1/Th2 regulation of the immune response to solid organ transplants in the adult
59. A role for nonspecific (cyclosporin A) or specific (monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1, LFA-1, and IL-10) immunomodulation in the prolongation of skin allografts after antigen-specific pretransplant immunization or transfusion
60. Early tolerance in pediatric liver allograft recipients
61. Common and sequential overexpression patterns of T-helper cytokines during acute (cellular) rejection, and correlation of proinflammatory cytokine expression with chronic (ductopenic) rejection of human liver allografts: A study under cyclosporine, FK 506, and quadruple BT 563 immunosuppression
62. Quantitation of cytokine mRNA expression in biopsies from human liver allografts by a novel reverse transcrip-tase/polymerase chain reaction method
63. Are Th2 helper T lymphocytes beneficial, deleterious, or irrelevant in promoting allograft survival?
64. Long-term enhancement of rat renal allografts by serum from liver grafted rats
65. Anti-human class I MHC antibodies induce apoptosis by a pathway that is distinct from the Fas antigen-mediated pathway
66. Clearance of liver graft-derived soluble class I antigen following retransplantation
67. Failure to induce organ-specific autoimmunity by breaking of tolerance: Importance of the microenvironment
68. An opportunity in organ transplantation
69. What is the significance of acute liver allograft rejection
70. Acute hepatic allograft rejection: Incidence, risk factors, and impact on outcome
71. Banff schema for grading liver allograft rejection: Utility in clinical practice
72. Is chronic rejection of liver transplants different from graft arteriosclerosis of kidney and heart transplants?
73. Immunosuppressive agents: Recent developments in molecular action and clinical application
74. Impaired alloantigen-mediated T cell apoptosis and failure to induce long-term allograft survival in IL-2-deficient mice
75. Long-term acceptance of skin and cardiac allografts after blocking CD40 and CD28 pathways
76. Differential effects of cyclosporine A, methylpred-nisolone, mycophenolate, and rapamycin on CD154 induction and requirement for NFkappaB: Implications for tolerance induction
77. Molecular mechanisms of action of new xenobiotic immunosuppressive drugs: Tacrolimus (FK506), sirolimus (rapamycin), mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide
78. Rapamycin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration
79. In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a novel immunomodulatory drug, leflunomide: Mechanisms of action
80. Purine metabolism and immunosuppressive effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)
81. Immunosuppressant FTY720 induces apoptosis by direct induction of permeability transition and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
82. FTY720 immunosuppression impairs effector T cell peripheral homing without affecting induction, expansion, and memory
83. Replacement of calcineurin inhibitors with mycophenolate mofetil in liver-transplant patients with renal dysfunction: A randomised controlled study
84. WOFIE hypothesis: Some thoughts on an approach toward allograft tolerance
85. Liver allograft rejection is less common in children transplanted in the first year of life
86. Treatment with humanized monoclonal antibody against CD154 prevents acute renal allograft rejection in nonhuman primates
87. Three years of follow-up of bone marrow-augmented organ transplant recipients: The impact on donor-specific immune modulation
88. A strategy for organ allografts without using immunosuppressants or irradiation
89. Influence of ischemia-reperfusion injury on rejection after liver transplantation
90. An association between cytomegalovirus infection and chronic rejection after liver transplantation
91. Effect of interleukin-10 on dendritic cell maturation and function
92. Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis
93. Leucocyte endothelial interactions and regulation of leucocyte migration
94. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: The multistep paradigm
95. Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules
96. Alpha-4 integrins mediate lymphocyte attachment and rolling under physiological flow
97. Association between receptor density, cellular activation, and transformation of adhesive behavior of flowing lymphocytes binding to vcam-1
98. A minimal role for selectins in the recruitment of leukocytes into the inflamed liver microvasculature
99. Expression of E-selectin (CD62E) and E-selectin ligands in human liver inflammation
100. Vascular adhesion protein-1 supports adhesion of T lymphocytes to hepatic endothelium. A mechanism for T cell recirculation to the liver?
101. Induction of vascular adhesion protein-1 during liver allograft rejection and concomitant cytomegalovirus infection in rats
102. Vascular adhesion protein-1 and ICAM-1 support the adhesion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes to tumor endothelium in human hepatocellular carcinoma
103. Expression of cytokine-dependent adhesion molecules in postreperfusion biopsy specimens of liver allografts
104. Morphological and functional alterations to sinusoidal endothelial cells in the early phase of endotoxin-induced liver failure after partial hepatectomy in rats
105. Chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions provide a mechanism for selective T cell recruitment to specific liver compartments within hepatitis C-infected liver
106. Hepatic expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1a and macrophage inflammatory protein-1b after liver transplantation
107. Isolation of cDNA encoding a novel human CC chemokine NCC-4/LEC
108. Expression of IFN-inducible protein-10 in chronic hepatitis
109. Requirement of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 for acute allograft rejection
110. Lack of chemokine receptor CCR1 enhances Th1 responses and glomerular injury during nephrotoxic nephritis