New agents for the treatment of systemic fungal infections - Current status

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 3-32

  Arikan, Sevtap ^a   Rex, John H ^a  

^a HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Amphotericin B; Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion; Amphotericin B lipid complex; Anidulafungin; Antifungal peptide; Caspofungin; Fluconazole; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Liposomal amphotericin B; Liposomal nystatin; Micafungin; Posaconazole; Ravuconazole

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B CHOLESTEROL SULFATE; AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANIDULAFUNGIN; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CASPOFUNGIN; CILOFUNGIN; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE; GM 191519; GM 193663; GM 211676; GM 222712; GM 237354; GR 135402; GW 471558; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; MICONAZOLE; NIKKOMYCIN Z; NYSTATIN; POSACONAZOLE; RAVUCONAZOLE; RIFABUTIN; SORDARIN DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VORICONAZOLE;

ALLERGIC REACTION; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ASPERGILLUS; BONE MARROW DEPRESSION; BRONCHOSPASM; CANDIDA; CHILL; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SENSITIVITY; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; FEVER; FUSARIUM; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; HYPOXIA; MYALGIA; MYCOSIS; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; NEPHROTOXICITY; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; REVIEW; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; TRICHOSPORON;

EID: 0036077640     PISSN: 14728214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.7.1.3     Document Type: Review

References (354)

1. Infections due to resistant Candida species in patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy
2. New spectrum of fungal infections in patients with cancer
3. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B: Recent progress and future directions
4. Treatment of tinea unguium with medium and high doses of ultramicrosize griseofulvin compared with that with itraconazole
5. Terbinafine: An update
6. Itraconazole for the treatment of onychomycosis
7. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B
8. Antifungal agents used for deep-seated mycotic infections
9. Contributions to a revision of the genus Trichosporon
10. Trichosporon beigelii, an emerging pathogen resistant to amphotericin B
11. In vitro amphotericin B resistance in clinical isolates of Aspergillus terreus, with a head-to-head comparison to voriconazole
12. Fungal Pseudallescheria boydii lung infiltrates unresponsive to amphotericin B in leukaemic patients
13. Approaches to management of fungal infections in cancet patients
14. Microdilution susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus and Fusarium species
15. Comparison of the efficacy of polyenes and triazoles against hematogenous Candida krusei infection in neutropenic mice
16. Efficacy of escalating doses of liposomal amphotericin B (Am Bisome) against hematogenous Candida lusitaniae and Candida krusei infection in neutropenic mice
17. Mechanisms of amphotericin B-induced decrease in glomerular filtration rate in rats
18. Current role of therapy with amphotericin B
19. Liposomal and lipid formulations of amphotericin B. Clinical pharmacokinetics
20. Treatment of invasive fungal infections in renally impaired patients with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion
21. Randomized, double-blind trial of 1-versus 4-hour amphotericin B infusion durations
22. Biopharmaceutical aspects of lipid formulations of amphotericin B
23. Lipid-based antifungal agents: Current status
24. Review of new lipid formulations of amphotericin B
25. Lipid-based amphoteticin B: A review of the last 10 years of use
26. Controlled trials of amphotericin B lipid complex
27. Liposomal amphotericin B and surgery in the successful treatment of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia
28. Review of comparative studies between conventional and liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome (R)) in neutropenic patients with fever of unknown origin and patients with systemic mycosis
29. Recurrent blastomycosis of the central nervous system: Case report and review
30. Liposomal amphotericin B (Am Bisome) in the treatment of neonatal candidiasis in very low birth weight infants
31. Clearance of fungal burden during treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis with liposomal amphotericin B versus itraconazole
32. Targeted prophylaxis with amphotericin B lipid complex in liver transplantation
33. Susceptibility testing of fungi: Current status of the correlation of in vitro data with clinical outcome
34. Correlation of in vitro fluconazole susceptibility with clinical outcome for severely ill patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis
35. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B: Clinical efficacy and toxicities
36. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of liposomal amphoteticin B versus conventional amphoteticin B in the empirical treatment of petsistently febtile neutropenic patients
37. Comparison of amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) vs Am Bisome in the treatment of suspected or documented fungal infections in patients with leukemia
38. A randomized, double-blind comparative trial evaluating the safety of liposomal amphotericin B versus amphotericin B lipid complex in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia
39. Safety and efficacy of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion - An overview
40. The use of lipid formulations of amphotericin B for systemic fungal infections
41. Safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex in lung transplant recipients
42. Efficacy of aerosolized amphotericin B desoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severely immunocompromised rats
43. Emergency use amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) in the treatment of patients with aspergillosis: Historical control comparison with amphotericin B
44. Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC): A molecular rationale for the attenuation of amphotericin B-related toxicities
45. Tissue distribution of amphotericin B lipid complex in laboratory animals
46. Pulmonary extraction and accumulation of lipid formulations of amphotericin B
47. A pharmacokinetic study of amphotericin B lipid complex injection (Abelcer) in patients with definite or probable systemic fungal infections
48. Amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) in the treatment of invasive mycoses: The North American experience
49. Life-threatening adverse event after amphoterin B lipid complex treatment in a patient treated previously with amphoterin B deoxycholate
50. Efficacy of amphotericin B lipid complex injection (ABLC) in bone marrow transplant recipients with life-threatening systemic mycoses
51. Novel antifungal drug delivery: Stable amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate discs
52. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion: An improved antifungal therapy
53. Treatment of 21 cases of invasive mucormycosis with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion
54. The safety and efficacy of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in the treatment of invasive mycoses
55. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B in the empiric treatment of febrile neutropenic patients
56. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion
57. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion - Pre-clinical review
58. Use of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in children
59. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B as therapy for invasive aspergillosis
60. Successful treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion: Report of four cases
61. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of fever and neutropenia
62. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (Amphocil) vs fluconazole for the prevention of fungal infections in neutropenic patients: Data of a prematurely stopped clinical trial
63. Serious adverse event after unrecognized substitution of one amphtoericin B lipid preparation for another
64. Amphotericin B - Not so terrible
65. Development, characterization, efficacy and mode of action of AmBisome, a unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B
66. Pharmacokinetics and safety of a unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rabbits
67. Pharmacology and toxicology of a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rodents
68. Pharmacokinetics, excretion, and mass balance of C-14 after administration of C-14-cholesterol-labeled AmBisome to healthy volunteers
69. Liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B-deoxycholate show different immunoregulatory effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
70. Comparative efficacy and distribution of lipid formulations of amphotericin B in experimental Candida albicans infection of the central nervous system
71. Efficacy of unilamellar liposomal amphotericin B in treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits: The potential role of bronchoalveolar lavage D-mannitol and galactomannan as markers of infection
72. An EORTC international multicenter randomized trial (EORTC number 19923) comparing two dosages of liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of invasive aspergillosis
73. Safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in patients infected with Aspergillus species and other filamentous fungi: Maximum tolerated dose study
74. Safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of a small unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in neutropenic patients
75. Randomized double-blind study of liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in bone marrow transplant recipients
76. Anaphylactic reactions to liposomal amphotericin
77. Anaphylactic reaction to liposomal amphotericin B in children
78. Pharmacokinetics of conventional formulation versus fat emulsion formulation of amphotericin B in a group of patients with neutropenia
79. Clinical evaluation of a new lipid-based delivery system for intravenous administration of amphotericin B
80. Administration of amphotericin B in lipid emulsion decreases nephrotoxicity: Results of a prospective, randomized, controlled study in critically ill patients
81. Safety and toxicity of amphotericin B in glucose 5% or intralipid 20% in neutropenic patients with pneumonia or fever of unknown origin: Randomised study
82. A retrospective study on the efficacy and safety of amphotericin B in a lipid emulsion for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients
83. A randomized prospective trial of amphotericin B lipid emulsion versus dextrose colloidal solution in critically ill patients
84. Reduced renal toxicity and improved clinical tolerance of amphotericin B mixed with intralipid compared with conventional amphotericin B in neutropenic patients
85. Comparison of the toxicity of amphotericin B in 5% dextrose with that of amphotericin B in fat emulsion in a randomized trial with cancer patients
86. Amphotericin B toxicity reduced by administration in fat emulsion
87. Acute renal failure with amphotericin B in lipid emulsion
88. Amphotericin B is incompatible with lipid emulsions
89. Amphotericin B does not mix with fat emulsion
90. Amphotericin B in lipid emulsions: Stability, compatibility, and in vitro antifungal activity
91. Stability of amphotericin B 0.05 and 0.5 mg/ml in 20% fat emulsion
92. Treatment of experimental candidosis with amphotericin B-intralipid admixtures in immunocompromised mice
93. Amphotericin B formulated in a lipid emulsion
94. Antifungal effects of fluconazole (UK 49858), a new triazole antifungal, in vitro
95. Systemically administered antifungal agents. A review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic applications
96. Current and emerging azole antifungal agents
97. Photosensitivity induced by oral itraconazole
98. Oral azole drugs as systemic antifungal therapy
99. Serum levels of fluconazole in patients after cytotoxic chemotherapy for hematological malignancy
100. Pharmacokinetics of sequential intravenous and enteral fluconazole in critically ill surgical patients with invasive mycoses and compromised gastro-intestinal function
101. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent candidal infections in critically ill surgical patients
102. Safety, plasma concentrations, and efficacy of high-dose fluconazole in invasive mold infections
103. Use of high-dose fluconazole as salvage therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS
104. High-dose fluconazole for treatment of cryptococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
105. High-dose fluconazole therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS
106. Effects of cytokines and fluconazole on the activity of human monocytes against Candida albicans
107. Coccidioidomycosis
108. Treatment of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
109. Treatment of blastomycosis with higher doses of fluconazole
110. Treatment of lymphocutaneous and visceral sporotrichosis with fluconazole
111. Development of interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing: Conceptual framework and analysis of in vitro-in vivo correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and Candida infections
112. Trends in species distribution and susceptibility to fluconazole among blood stream isolates of Candida species in the United States
113. Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole
114. In vitro susceptibility and synergy studies of Aspergillus species to conventional and new agents
115. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluconazole
116. Candida fungemia in neonates treated with fluconazole: Report of forty cases, including eight with meningitis
117. Angio-oedema after fluconazole
118. Fluconazole-induced thrombocytopenia
119. Alopecia associated with fluconazole therapy
120. Possible association between high-dose fluconazole and adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients
121. Fluconazole-induced convulsions at serum trough concentrations of approximately 80 mu g/mL
122. Effects of fluconazole and clarithromycin on rifabutin and 25-O-desacetylrifabutin pharmacokinetics
123. Interaction of azoles with rifampin, phenytoin, and carbamazepine: In vitro and clinical observations
124. Syncope associated with concurrent amitriptyline and fluconazole therapy
125. Pharmacokinetics and safety of seven days of intravenous (IV) itraconazole followed by two weeks oral itraconazole solution in patients with haematological malignancy
126. Concentrations in plasma and safety of 7 days of intravenous itraconazole followed by 2 weeks of oral itraconazole solution in patients in intensive care units
127. A pharmacokinetic study of intravenous itraconazole followed by oral administration of itraconazole capsules in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection
128. Pharmacology of itraconazole
129. Itraconazole oral solution and intravenous formulations: A review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
130. The triazole antifungal agents: A review of itraconazole and fluconazole
131. Susceptibility testing of voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against yeast isolates in a Turkish University Hospital and effect of time of reading
132. Acrophialophora fusispora brain abscess in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Review of cases and taxonomy
133. Microascus cinereus (anamorph Scopulariopsis) brain abscess in a bone marrow transplant recipient
134. Chromoblastomycosis: Clinical and mycologic experience of 51 cases
135. Intravenous itraconazole followed by oral itraconazole in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies, chronic granulomatous disease, or AIDS
136. Itraconazole lung concentrations in haematological patients
137. Itraconazole versus amphotericin B plus nystatin in the prophylaxis of fungal infections in neutropenic cancer patients
138. Intravenous and oral itraconazole versus intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate as empirical antifungal therapy for persistent fever in neutropenic patients with cancer who are receiving broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy - A randomized, controlled trial
139. Report of successful prolonged antifungal therapy for refractory allergic fungal sinusitis
140. A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
141. Voriconazole against fluconazole-susceptible and resistant Candida isolates: In-vitro efficacy compared with that of itraconazole and ketoconazole
142. Trends in frequency and susceptibilities of Candida glabrata bloodstream isolates at a University Hospital
143. Azole cross-resistance to ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole in clinical Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected children with oropharyngeal candidosis
144. Does long-term itraconazole prophylaxis result in in vitro azole resistance in mucosal Candida albicans isolates from persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection?
145. Acquired itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus
146. In vitro activity of voriconazole against selected fungi
147. Itraconazole oral solution as prophylaxis for fungal infections in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial
148. Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole oral solution in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients receiving total body irradiation
149. Future directions of antimycotic therapy
150. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with itraconazole
151. Pharmacokinetics and safety of a 7-day administration of intravenous itraconazole followed by a 14-day administration of itraconazole oral solution in patients with hematologic malignancy
152. Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and methylprednisolone and cortisol secretion in healthy subjects
153. Effect of itraconazole on digoxin clearance in patients with congestive heart failure
154. Itraconazole-digoxin interaction
155. Flucytosine
156. A comparison of amphotericin B alone and combined with flucytosine in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis
157. Flucytosine: Correlation between toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters
158. Flucytosine primary resistance in Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans
159. The genetic basis of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans
160. Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in Ugandan patients with AIDS
161. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion combined with flucytosine with or without fluconazole for treatment of murine cryptococcal meningitis
162. Flucytosine: A review of its pharmacology, clinical indications, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and drug interactions
163. High-frequency, in vitro reversible switching of Candida lusitaniae clinical isolates from amphotericin B susceptibility to resistance
164. Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans
165. Susceptibility testing of current Candida bloodstream isolates from Mycoses Study Group (MSG) collaborative study #34: Isolates of C. krusei are often resistant to both fluconazole and amphotericin B
166. Combined treatment: Antifungal drugs with antibodies, cytokines or drugs
167. Echinocandins and pneumocandins - A new antifungal class with a novel mode of action
168. Antifungals: Mechanism of action and resistance, established and novel drugs
169. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis
170. Invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients
171. Risk factors of invasive Candida and non-Candida fungal infections after liver transplantation
172. Infection in cancer patients: A continuing association
173. Drug therapy reviews: Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use of antimycotic drugs
174. Formulation, toxicity, and antifungal activity in vitro of liposome-encapsulated nystatin as therapeutic agent for systemic candidiasis
175. Evaluation of antifungal activity of Nyotran against various pathogenic fungi
176. Activity of liposomal nystatin against disseminated Aspergillus fumigatus infection in neutropenic mice
177. In vitro activity of liposomal nystatin compared with amphotericin B and fluconazole against clinical Candida isolates
178. In vitro antifungal activity of liposomal nystatin in comparison with nystatin, amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate, liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B desoxycholate, fluconazole, and itraconazole
179. AR-121
180. Toxicity and therapeutic effects in mice of liposome-encapsulated nystatin for systemic fungal infections
181. Dose range evaluation of liposomal nystatin and comparisons with amphotericin B and amphotericin B lipid complex in temporarily neutropenic mice infected with an isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus with reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B
182. Treatment of refractory episodes of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients with liposomal nystatin (Nyotran)
183. Liposomal nystatin against experimental pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently neutropenic rabbits: Efficacy, safety and non-compartmental pharmacokinetics
184. Safety and efficacy of multilamellar liposomal nystatin against disseminated candidiasis in persistently neutropenic rabbits
185. Compartmental pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of multilamellar liposomal nystatin in rabbits
186. Pharmacokinetics of nystatin LF in patients with HIV infection
187. Multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varioius doses of liposome-encapsulated Nystatin in nonneutropenic patients with candidemia
188. EORTC-IFCT Phase II study on liposomal nystatin in patients with invasive aspergillosis infections, refractory to or intolerant of conventional / lipid amphotericin B
189. Liposomal nystatin (Nyotran) vs. amphotericin B (Fungizone) in empiric treatment of presumed fungal infection in neutropenic patients
190. Open, randomised comparison of voriconazole and amphotericin B followed by other licensed antifungal therapy for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis
191. Treatment of murine cryptococcal meningitis with UR-9751 and UR-9746
192. Interspecies comparison of pharmacokinetics of the novel triazole antifungal agent SYN-2869 and its derivatives
193. In vitro activity of SYN-2869, a novel triazole agent, against emerging and less common mold pathogens
194. In vitro and in vivo activities of SYN2836, SYN2869, SYN2903, and SYN2921: New series of triazole antifungal agents
195. Glucan synthase inhibitors as antifungal agents
196. Update on antifungals targeted to the cell wall: Focus on beta- 1,3-glucan synthase inhibitors
197. Cilofungin (LY121019), an antifungal agent with specific activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis
198. Morphological effects of lipopeptides against Aspergillus fumigatus correlate with activities against (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase
199. Correlation between antifungal susceptibilities of Coccidioides immitis in vitro and antifungal treatment with caspofungin in a mouse model
200. In vitro susceptibility testing methods for caspofungin against Aspergillus and Fusarium isolates
201. The glucan synthesis inhibitor caspofungin acetate (Cancidas, MK-0991, L-743872) kills Aspergillus fumigatus hyphal tips in vitro and is efficacious against disseminated aspergillosis in cyclophosphamide-induced chronically leukopenic mice
202. Comparison of nikkomycin Z with amphotericin B and itraconazole for treatment of histoplasmosis in a murine model
203. Evaluation of nikkomycins X and Z in murine models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis
204. Synergy, pharmacodynamics, and time-sequenced ultrastructural changes of the interaction between nikkomycin Z and the echinocandin FK463 against Aspergillus fumigatus
205. Drug interaction studies of a glucan synthase inhibitor (LY 303366) and a chitin synthase inhibitor (nikkomycin Z) for inhibition and killing of fungal pathogens
206. In vitro antifungal activity of nikkomycin Z in combination with fluconazole or itraconazole
207. Antifungal peptides: Novel therapeutic compounds against emerging pathogens
208. Efficacy of A175800.0, an inhibitor of fungal cell wall synthesis, against experimental systemic candidiasis
209. In vitro activity of A192411.29, a novel antifungal lipopeptide
210. WF11899A, B and C, novel antifungal lipopeptides. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and physico-chemical properties
211. WF11899A, B and C, novel antifungal lipopeptides. II. Biological properties
212. Amphotericin B- and fluconazole-resistant Candida spp., Aspergillus fumigatus, and other newly emerging pathogenic fungi are susceptible to basic antifungal peptides
213. Mulundocandin, an echinocandin-like lipopeptide antifungal agent: Biological activities in vitro
214. Sordarins: A new class of antifungals with selective inhibition of the protein synthesis elongation cycle in yeasts
215. Sordarin antifungal agents
216. Sordarin inhibits fungal protein synthesis by blocking translocation differently to fusidic acid
217. Sordarins: In vitro activities of new antifungal derivatives against pathogenic yeasts, Pneumocystis carinii, and filamentous fungi
218. Antiftmgal activities and cytotoxicity studies of six new azasordarins
219. Pharmacokinetics-pharmaco dynamics of a sordarin derivative (GM 237354) in a murine model of lethal candidiasis
220. Animal pharmacokinetics and interspecies scaling of sordarin derivatives following intravenous administration
221. Activities of sordarins in experimental models of candidiasis, aspergillosis, and pneumocystosis
222. Screening of sordaricin derivatives against endemic fungal pathogens
223. In vitro pharmacodynamic parameters ofsordarin derivatives in comparison with those of marketed compounds against Pneumocystis carinii isolated from rats
224. Activity on clinical yeast isolates of a new antifungal agent, GM237354
225. Azasordarins: Susceptibility of fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida spp. to GW 471558
226. In vitro activity of sordarins in combination with other systemic antifungal agents against Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp., and Scedosporium apiospermum
227. Translation elongation factor 2 is part of the target for a new family of antifungals
228. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo activities of GM 237354, a new sordarin derivative, against Candida albicans in an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model and influence of protein binding
229. Efficacies of sordarin derivatives GM193663, GM211676, and GM237354 in a murine model of systemic coccidioidomycosis
230. Activities of sordarins in murine his toplasmosis
231. Sordarins: Toxiocological evaluation and safety pharmacology in rats and dogs
232. In vitro activities of the new triazole voriconazole (UK-109,496) against opportunistic filamentous us and dimorphic fungi and common and emerging yeast pathogens
233. In vitro efficacy and fungicidal activity of voriconazole against Aspergillus and Fusarium species
234. In vitro activities of four novel triazoles against Scedosporium spp
235. In vitro activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum
236. Nosocomial fungemia due to Exophiala jeanselmei var. jeanselmei and a Rhinocladiella species: Newly described causes of bloodstream infection
237. In vitro susceptibility of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans isolates from Turkey to six antifungal agents, including posaconazole and voriconazole
238. Optimizing voriconazole susceptibility testing of Candida: Effects of incubation time, endpoint rule, species of Candida, and level of fluconazole susceptibility
239. In vitro susceptibility of Candida dubliniensis to current and new antifungal agents
240. Synergistic interaction of terbinafine with triazoles or amphotericin B against Aspergillus species
241. Synergism of voriconazole and terbinafine against Candida albicans isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis
242. In vitro evaluation of voriconazole against clinical isolates of yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes in comparison with itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and griseofulvin
243. In-vitro activity of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against filamentous fungi
244. In vitro fungicidal activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against opportunistic moniliaceous and dematiaceous fungi
245. UK-109, 496, a novel, wide spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: Activity in systemic candidiasis models and early clinical efficacy in oropharyngeal candidiasis
246. Activity of SCH 56592 compared with those of fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida spp
247. In vitro activities of the new antifungal triazole SCH 56592 against common and emerging yeast pathogens
248. In vitro activities of posaconazole (Sch 56592) compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 3,685 clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans
249. In vitro studies of activities of the antifungal triazoles SCH 56592 and itraconazole against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and other pathogenic yeasts
250. In vitro activity of SCH-56592 and comparison with activities of amphotericin B and itraconazole against Aspergillus spp
251. In vitro activity of a new triazole antifungal agent, Sch 56592, against clinical isolates of filamentous fungi
252. Comparison of in vitro activities of the new triazole Posaconazole and the echinocandins MK0991 (L-743,872) and LY303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeasts
253. An in vitro head-to-head comparison of Schering 56592, amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole against a spectrum of filamentous fungi
254. A comparative study of the in vitro susceptibilities of clinical and laboratoryselected resistant isolates of Aspergillus spp. to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole (SCH 56592)
255. Interactions of posaconazole and flucytosine against Cryptococcus neoformans
256. Interspecies variation of the suceptibility of Fusarium species to Schering 56592 in vitro
257. In vitro antifungal activity of posaconazole against various pathogenic fungi
258. Treatment of murine fusariosis with SCH 56592
259. Activity of a new triazole, Sch 56592, compared with those of four other antifungal agents tested against clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
260. In vitro susceptibilities of Candida bloodstream isolates to the new triazole antifungal agents BMS-207147, Sch 56592, and voriconazole
261. 14 demethylation in fungi
262. In vitro activity of a new orial triazole, BMS-207147 (ER-30346)
263. In vitro activity of the new triazole BMS-207147 against Aspergillus species in comparison with itraconazole and amphotericin B
264. International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to Candida species: Frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program
265. In vitro activities of ravuconazole (BMS-207147) against 541 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans
266. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of ER-30346, a novel oral triazole with a broad antifungal spectrum
267. R-30346, a novel antifungal triazole: III. In vitro activity and its mode of action
268. UK-109,496, a novel, wide spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: Pharmacokinetics in man
269. UK-109,496, a novel, wide spectrum tirazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: Disposition in man
270. A randomized, double-blind, doubledummy, multicenter trial of voriconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients
271. Clinical activity of the new triazole drug voriconazole (UK 109, 496) against disseminated hepatosplenic aspergillosis in a patient with relapsed leukemia
272. Succesful treatment of cerebral aspergillosis with novel triazole (voriconazole) in a patient with acute leukemia
273. Voriconazole for salvage treatment of invasive aspergillosis
274. Successful treatment of ocular invasive mould infection (fusariosis) with the new antifungal agent voriconazole
275. Invasive pulmonary infection due to Scedosporium apiospermum in two children with chronic granulomatous disease
276. Successful outcome of Scedosporium apiospermum disseminated infection treated with voriconazole in a patient receiving corticosteroid therapy
277. Pseudallescheria boydii brain abscess successfully treated with voriconazole and surgical drainage: Case report and literature review of central nervous system pseudallescheriasis
278. Meningitis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii created with voriconazole
279. Right-sided pacemaker-related endocarditis due to Acremonium species
280. Bioavailability of an oral suspension relative to a solid dosage form in healthy volunteers
281. Pharmacokinetics of SCH 56592, a new azole broad-spectrum antifungal agent, in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys
282. An open, noncomparative multicenter study to evaluate efficacy and safety of posaconazole (SCH 56592) in the treatment of invasive fungal infections refractory to or intolerant of standard therapy
283. Posaconazole equivalent to fluconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis
284. Posaconazole compared to fluconazole for oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients
285. In vitro and in vivo activities of SCH 56592 (posaconazole), a new triazole antifungal agent, against Aspergillus and Candida
286. Efficacy of posaconazole in a rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis
287. Antifungal activity and pharmacokinetics of posaconazole (SCH 56592) in treatment and prevention of experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: Correlation with galactomannan antigenemia
288. Comparison of a new triazole, posaconazole, with itraconazole and amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis following pulmonary challenge in immunocompromised mice
289. ER-30346, a novel antifungal triazole: IV. Pharmacokinetics and toxicological studies in mice, rats, and dogs
290. Efficacy of ER-30346, a novel oral triazole antifungal agent, in experimental models of aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis
291. Effect of ravuconazole, a new triazole antifungal, in a rat intraabdominal abscess model
292. Efficacies of two new antifungal agents, the triazole ravuconazole and the echinocandin LY-303366, in an experimental model of invasive aspergillosis
293. Randomized, double-blind study of the safety and antifungal activity of ravuconazole relative to fluconazole in esophageal candidiasis
294. New investigational antifungal agents for treating invasive fungal infections
295. Antifungal activity of the new azole UK-109, 496 (voriconazole)
296. SCH 56592: Rising multiple-dose safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetic evaluation in healthy volunteers
297. In vitro activity of a new echinocandin, LY303366, compared with those of amphotericin B and fluconazole against clinical yeast isolates
298. In vitro susceptibilities of clinical yeast isolates to a new echinocandin derivatives, LY303366, and other antifungal agents
299. In vitro activity of two echinocandin derivatives, LY303366 and MK-0991 (L-743,792), against clinical isolates of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and other filamentous fungi
300. In vitro activity of the echinocandin antifungal agent LY303,366 in comparison with itraconazole and amphotericin B against Aspergillus spp
301. In vitro activity of a new pneumocandin antifungal, L-743,872, against azole-susceptible and -resistant Candida species
302. Activity of MK-0991 (L-743,872), a new echinocandin, compared with those of LY303366 and four other antifungal agents tested against blood stream isolates of Candida spp
303. In vitro preclinical evaluation studies with the echinocandin antifungal MK-0991 (L-743,872)
304. In vitro synergy of caspofungin and amphotericin B against Aspergillus and Fusarium spp
305. Influence of human sera on the in vitro activity of the echinocandin caspofungin (MK-0991) against Aspergillus fumigatus
306. The interaction of human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils with caspofungin (MK-0991), an echinocandin, for antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus
307. Pneumoncandin L-743,872 enhances the activities of amphotericin B and fluconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro
308. The effect of the echinocandin analogue caspofungin on cell wall glucan synthesis by Cryptococcus neoformans
309. Antifungal susceptibility testing of Merck L-743,872 against a broad range of fungi
310. Synergistic antifungal activities of bafilomycin A(1), fluconazole, and the pneumocandin MK-0991/caspofungin acetate (L- 743,873) with calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and L-685,818 against Cryptococcus neoformans
311. In vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin L-743,872 against a variety of clinically important molds
312. In vitro antifungal activity of FK463, a novel water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide
313. In vitro antifungal activity of FK463, a new water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide
314. In vitro activities of a new lipopeptide antifungal agent, FK463, against a variety of clinically important fungi
315. In vitro activity of FK463, a novel antifungal lipopeptide, against clinically important, less common molds and dimorphic fungi
316. Synergistic antifungal activity of nikkomycin Z and the echinocandin FK463 against Aspergillus fumigatus
317. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of anidulafungin (LY303366): Reappraisal of its efficacy in neutropenic animal models of opportunistic mycoses using optimal plasma sampling
318. LY303366 Single dose pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy male volunteers
319. LY303366 single intravenous dose pharmacokinetics and safety in health volunteers
320. Pharmacokinetics of LY303366 in healthy and HIV-infected volunteers after single-dose oral administration
321. Dosage-dependent antifungal efficacy of V-echinocandin (LY303366)
322. Antifungal activity of LY303366, a novel echinocandin B, in experimental disseminated candidiasis in rabbits
323. Antifungal efficacy, safety, and single-dose pharmacokinetics of LY303366, a novel echinocandin B, in experimental pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently neutropenic rabbits
324. Efficacy of LY303366 against amphotericin B-susceptible and -resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in a murine model of invasive aspergillosis
325. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of the antifungal agent MK-0991 in man
326. Randomized, double-blind, Multicenter study of caspofungin versus amphotericin B for treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiases
327. Efficacy of caspofungin as salvage therapy in invasive aspergillosis compared to standard therapy in historial cohort
328. Multicenter, noncomparative study to evaluate safety and efficacy of caspofungin in adults with aspergillosis refractory or intolerant to amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid formulations, or azoles
329. Comparison of the echinocandin caspofungin with amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis following pulmonary challenge in a murine model
330. Efficacy of MK-991 (L,743,872), a semisynthetic pneumocandin, in murine models of Pneumocystis carinii
331. Phase I study of FK463, a new antifungal agent, in healthy adult male volunteers
332. A multicenter study to determine the minimal effective dose of FK463 for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients
333. Maximum tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics of FK463 in combination with fluconazole for the ptophylaxis of fungal infections in adult bone marrow or peripheral stem Cell Transplant. patients
334. Efficacy of FK463, a new lipopeptide antifungal agent, in mouse models of disseminated candidiasis and aspergillosis
335. Efficacy of FK463, a (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor, in disseminated azole-resistant Candida albicans infection in mice
336. Efficacy of FK463, a new lipopeptide antifungal agent, in mouse models of pulmonary aspergillosis
337. Synergistis effects of combination of FK463 with amphotericin B: Enhanced efficacy in murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
338. Prophylactic effect of FK463, a novel antifungal lipopeptide, against Pneumocystis carinii infection in mice
339. A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus amphotericin for the treatment of candidal esophagitis
340. Safety of caspofungin acetate in the treatment of fungal infections
341. Caspofungin
342. Activity of rabbit leukocyte peptides against Candida albicans
343. Fungicidal properties of defensin NP-1 and activity against Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro
344. In vitro effect of phagocyte cationic peptides on Coccidioides immitis
345. In vitro killing of spores and hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae by rabbit neutrophil cationic peptides and bronchoalveolar macrophages
346. Modulation of the in situ candidacidal activity of human neutrophil defensins by target cell metabolism and divalent cations
347. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils
348. Effects of synthetic form of tracheal antimicrobial peptide on respiratory pathogens
349. Antibacterial activity of lactoferrin and a pepsin-derived lactoferrin peptide fragment
350. Investigational antifungal agents
351. Polyoxin D inhibits growth of zoopathogenic fungi
352. Adhesion of Candida albicans to epithelial cells: Effect of polyoxin D
353. FR900403, a new antifungal produced by a Kernia spp