Preparation of functionalized polymers using living and controlled polymerizations

Reactive and Functional Polymers

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 1-54

  Jagur Grodzinski, Joseph ^a  

^a WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

Author keywords

Anionic; ATRP; Cationic; Controlled; Functionalization; Iniferters; Living; NMP; Polymerization; Protected groups; RAFT; RATRP; Transformations

Indexed keywords

FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; PHASE TRANSITIONS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

CONTROLLED/LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; LIVING ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION; LIVING CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION;

BLOCK COPOLYMERS;

EID: 0035423388     PISSN: 13815148     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1381-5148(01)00059-1     Document Type: Review

References (168)

1. Living polymers
2. Living polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether with the hydrogen iodide/iodine initiating system
3. Living carbocationic polymerization III. Demonstration of the living polymerization of isobutylene
4. Group-transfer polymerization. 1: A new concept for addition polymerization with organo-silicon initiators
5. Telechelic polymers by group transfer polymerization
6. Carbonation and related reactions of poly(styryl)lithium
7. Synthesis of polymers with carboxy end groups by reaction of polystyryl anions with 4-bromo-1,1,1-trimethoxybutane
8. Anionic synthesis of chain-end functionalized polymers using 1,1-diphenylethylene derivatives. Preparation of 4-hydroxyphenyl-terminated polystyrenes
9. Synthesis of alkoxysilyl-terminated polyisoprenes by means of 'living' anionic polymerization. 2. Synthesis of trialkoxysilyl-terminated 1,4-polyisoprenes by reaction of polyisoprenyllithium with various functional trialkoxysilanes selected as end-capping reagents
10. Application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy to the characterization of alkenyltrialkoxysilane and trialkoxysilyl-terminated polyisoprene grafting onto silica microparticles
11. Model block-graft copolymer via anionic living polymerization: Preparation and characterization of polystyrene-block-[poly(p-hydroxystyrene)-graft-poly(ethylene oxide)]-block-polystyrene
12. Synthesis of end-functionalized polymers by means of living anionic polymerization. 10. Reactions of living anionic polymers with halopropylstyrene derivatives
13. Polydienes possessing terminal ionic groups. I. Preparation of polydienes with terminal quaternary ammonium groups
14. Anionic synthesis of chain-end functionalized polymers by termination with substituted benzophenones and 1,1-diphenylethylenes
15. Synthesis of polymers with amino end groups. 3. Reactions of anionic living polymers with α-halo-ω-aminoalkanes with a protected amino functionality
16. Anionic polymerization initiators containing protected functional groups II
17. Reactions of anionic living polymers with bromomethyl-functionalized benzoyl peroxides
18. Synthesis of end-functionalized polymers by means of living anionic polymerization. 8. Reactions of living anionic polymers with α,ω-dihaloalkanes
19. Synthesis of well-defined functionalized polystyrenes with a definite number of chloromethylphenyl groups at chain ends or in chains by means of anionic living polymerization in conjunction with functional groups transformation
20. Synthesis of end-functionalized polymers by means of living anionic polymerization. 9. Synthesis of well-defined end-functionalized polymers with one, two, three, or four monosaccharide residues
21. Scope and limitations of 1,1-diphenylethylene chemistry in anionic polymer synthesis
22. Anionic synthesis of primary amine-functionalized polymers using 1-{4-[N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]}phenyl]-1-phenylethylene
23. Synthesis of functionalized polymers by means of living anionic polymerization. 1. Synthesis of functionalized polymers with α-methylstyryl groups by anionic reactions with use of 1-{4-[3-(4-isopropenylphenyl)propyl}-1,1-phenylethylene
24. Anionic polymerization involving activated monomers
25. Protection and polymerization of functional monomers. 20. Anionic polymerizations of 4-vinylphenyl tert-butyldimethylsilyl sulfide and 2-(4-vinylphenyl)ethyl tert-butyldimethylsilyl sulfide
26. Protection and polymerization of functional monomers. 17. Synthesis of well-defined poly(vinylacetophenone)s by means of anionic living polymerization of tert-butyldimethylsilyl enol ethers of vinylacetophenones
27. Protection and polymerization of functional monomers. 19. Synthesis of well-defined poly(ethynylstyrene)s by means of anionic living polymerization of (trimethylsilyl)ethynylstyrenes
28. Protection and polymerization of functional monomers. XIII. Anionic living polymerization of butyl vinylbenzoate
29. Protection and polymerization of functional monomers. XXII. Synthesis of well-defined poly-4-vinylbenzoic acid by means of anionic living polymerization of N-(4-vinylbenzoyl)-N′-methylpiperazine, followed by deprotection
30. Protection and polymerization of functional monomers. XI. Synthesis of well-defined poly(4-vinylbenzoic) acid by means of anionic living polymerization of 2-(4-vinylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline
31. Protection and polymerization of functional monomers. 29. Synthesis of well-defined poly[(4-vinylphenyl)acetic acid], poly[3-(4-vinylphenyl)propionic acid], and poly(3-vinylbenzoic acid) by means of anionic living polymerization of protected monomers bearing bicyclic ortho ester moieties
32. The living anionic polymerization of conjugated enyme derivatives: Anionic polymerization of 4-phenyl-1-buten-3-yne
33. Selective living anionic polymerization of a novel bifunctional monomer 4-(vinylphenyl)-1-butene and the preparation of uniform size functional polymers and amphiphilic block copolymers
34. Well-defined graft copolymers based on the selective living anionic polymerization of the bifunctional monomer 4-(vinylphenyl)-1-butene
35. Trifunctional organolithium initiator based on 1,3,5-tris(1-phenylethenyl)benzene. Synthesis of functionalized, three-armed, star-branched polystyrenes
36. Synthesis of star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide)
37. Functionalizable branched poly(ethylene oxide)s grafted from poly(1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)
38. 60 in polar and nonpolar solvents
39. 60 as initiators for anionic polymerization
40. 60
41. Controlled polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates
42. Mechanistic aspects of 'ligated' anionic living polymerization (LAP): The case of (meth)acrylic ester momomers
43. Recent achievements in anionic polymerization of (meth)acrylates
44. Anionic polymerization of (meth)acrylate esters in the presence of stabilizers of active centers
45. A successive route to amphiphilic graft copolymers with a hydrophilic poly(3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) backbone and hydrophobic polystyrene side chains
46. A new family of ligated anionic initiators for the living polymerization of (meth)acrylic esters
47. New σ-μ ligand for the anionic polymerization of methacrylates in apolar medium
48. Controlled polymerization of methyl-methacrylates using lithium aluminium alkyls
49. Novel initiating system for the living polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates
50. Anionic polymerization of (meth)acrylic monomers. 4. Effect of lithium-salts as ligands on the living polymerization of lithium perchlorate on the kinetics of the anionic polymerization of methyl-methacrylate using monofunctional initiator
51. Effect of lithium perchlorate on the kinetics of the anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate in tetrahydrofuran
52. Living and controlled polymerization of methacrylates and acrylates in the presence of tetraalkylammonium halide-alkylaluminum complexes in toluene
53. Ylide mediated polymerization of methacrylates and acrylates in the presence of tetraphenylphosphonium cation
54. Living anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate at ambient temperature in the presence of tetraphenylphosphonium cation
55. Liquid crystalline poly(vinyl ether)s and block copoly(vinyl ether)s by living cationic polymerization
56. Amphiphilic block copolymers by sequential living cationic polymerization: Synthesis and characterization of poly(isobutylene-b-methyl vinyl ether)
57. Multifunctional coupling agents for living cationic polymerization. 6. Synthesis of multiarmed and end-functionalized poly(α-methylstyrene) with multifunctional silyl enol ethers
58. 4/pyridine initiating system
59. The propagating species in living cationic polymerization: Living nature and steric structure of polymers
60. The nature of the growing species in living cationic polymerization: Principles. Stereochemistry, and in-situ NMR analysis
61. 4NCl salt
62. Living cationic polymerization of p-chlorostyrene and related para-substituted styrene derivatives at room temperature
63. New functional polymers, block and thermoplastic elastomers by living carbocationic polymerization
64. 3/1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone initiating system
65. Synthetic applications of non-polymerizable monomers in living cationic polymerization: Functional polyisobutylenes by end-quenching
66. 'Living' cationic polymerization of indene. 3. Kinetic investigation of polymerization of indene initiated with cumyl methyl ether and cumyl chloride in the presence of titanium derivatives
67. Living carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene with blocked bifunctional initiators in the presence of di-tert-butylpyridine as a proton trap
68. Stability of propagating species in living cationic polymerization of isobutylene
69. Living carbocationic polymerization. LXI. Narrow molecular weight distribution of polyisobutylenes prepared by esters and ketones as electron donors
70. 3(OiPr) as a Lewis acid activator
71. Living carbocationic polymerization XXXVIII. On the nature of the active species in isobutylene and vinyl ether polymerization
72. 2
73. Cross-linked polymer brushes. II. Formation and properties of poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)-b-poly[2-(vinyloxy)ethyl cinnamate] brushes
74. Living cationic polymerization of (vinyloxy)ethyl cinnamate
75. Living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers with carboxylic acids/tin tetrahalide initiating system. I. New initiating systems based on acetic acid and selection of Lewis acid and basic additive leading to living polymers with low polydispersity
76. The efficiency of alkyl halide initiators in carbocationic polymerization
77. 3 initiating systems
78. Living carbocationic polymerization. XXIII: Analysis of slow initiation in living isobutylene polymerization
79. Living carbocationic polymerization, one-pot synthesis of allyl terminated linear and tri-star polyisobutylenes, and epoxy, and hydroxy-telechelics
80. Slow initiation by tert-butoxybenzenes in living cationic polymerization of isobutylene
81. Cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether - Livingness enhancement by dialkyl sulfides
82. Synthesis of poly(vinyl ether) macromonomers using an iodine-free initiator
83. Kinetic treatment of slow initiation in living carbocationic polymerization and investigation of benzyl halides as initiators for the polymerization of isobutylene
84. Nature and concentration of active species in cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers: A kinetic investigation
85. Controlled/living cationic polymerization
86. Initiation effects in living cationic polymerization of isobutylene
87. Synthesis of hydroxy-terminated poly(vinyl ether)s by hydrogen chloride-based living cationic polymerization
88. Synthesis of aldehyde poly(vinyl ether)s by the reaction of bifunctional living cationic polymers with water
89. Synthesis of end-functionalized polystyrenes with organosilicon end-capping reagents via living cationic polymerization
90. New thermoplastic elastomers, synthesis and characterization of star-block copolymers PSt-b-PIB arms emanating from cyclosiloxane cores
91. Synthesis of polymers containing pseudohalide groups by cationic polymerization. 14. Functionalizing 'living' polymerization of 2-methylpropene initiated by the system 1,4-bis(1-azido-1-methylethyl)benzene/diethylaluminum chloride
92. Controlled synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers with pendant N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues by living cationic polymerization and their interaction with WGA lecitin
93. Controlled synthesis of glycopolymers with pendant D-glucosamine residues by living cationic polymerization
94. Preparation of azo functional poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) oligomers and block copolymers via combination of living cationic and condensation polymerization
95. Living carbotionic polymerization of α-methylstyrene using tin halides as co-initiators
96. Polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomers. II. Synthesis and characterization of poly(p-methylstyrene-b-isobutylene-b-p-methylstyrene) triblock copolymers
97. Living carbotionic polymerization of α-methylstyrene and sequential block copolymerization of isobutylene with p-methylstyrene
98. Addition reaction of living polyisobutylene to 'double' diphenylethylenes. Synthesis of 1,1-diphenylethylene-functionalized polyisobutylene macromonomers
99. Cationic macromolecular design and synthesis using furan derivatives
100. Newly designed star-shaped polystyrenes: Synthesis and characterization
101. Star block copolymers and hexafluorene stars via derivatization of star-shaped polystyrenes
102. Cationic ring-opening polymerization of heterocyclic monomers
103. Preparation of living mono- and dicationically growing polyacetals and attempts to prepare block copolymers thereof
104. Synthesis and characterization of poly{3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane-co-ε-caprolactone}s
105. One-pot transformation of living cationic polymerization into a living anionic one by samarium(II) iodide. Synthesis of poly(tetrahydrofuran-b-ε-caprolactone) block copolymer
106. Transformation of the cationic growing center of poly(tetrahydrofuran) into an anionic one by bis(pentamethyl-cyclopentadienyl)samarium
107. Kinetic data for coupling of primary alkyl radicals with a stable nitroxide
108. Narrow molecular weight resins by a free-radical polymerization process
109. Controlled 'living' radical polymerization. Atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition-metal complexes
110. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate with the carbon tetrachloride/dichlorotris-(triphenylphospine) ruthenium(II)/methylaluminum bis(2,6,-di-tert-butylphenoxide) initiating system: Possibility of living radical polymerization
111. Living radical polymerization of acrylates by organocobalt porphyrin complexes
112. Controlled radical polymerizations: The use of alkyl iodides in degenerative transfer
113. Living free-radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer: The RAFT process
114. Classification and comparison of various controlled 'living' radical polymerizations
115. Controlled radical polymerization
116. Development of universal alkoxyamine for 'living' free radical polymerizations
117. A versatile and efficient synthesis of alkoxyamine LFR initiators via manganese based asymmetric epoxidation catalysts
118. Living free radical polymerization: A unique technique for the preparation of controlled macromolecular architectures
119. Imidazolidinone nitroxide-mediated polymerization
120. Acyclic β-phosphonylated nitroxides: A new series of counter-radicals for 'living'/controlled free radical polymerization
121. A versatile route for functionalized block copolymers by nitroxide mediated 'living' free radical polymerization
122. Accurate structural control and block formation in the living polymerization of 1,3-dienes by ntroxide mediated procedures
123. Controlled/'living' radical polymerization. Atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylates at ambient temperature
124. Arenosulfonyl halides: A universal class of functional initiators for metal-catalyzed 'living' radical polymerization of styrene(s), methacrylates, and acrylates
125. Phenolic based initiators for atom transfer polymerization
126. Surface initiation of living radical polymerization for growth of tethered chains of low polydispersity
127. Controlled graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate on silicon substrate by the combined use of the Langmuir-Blodgett and atom transfer radical polymerization
128. 2
129. Controlled radical polymerizations: The use of alkyl iodides in degenerative transfer
130. A more versatile route to block copolymers and other polymers of complex architecture by living radical polymerization: The RAFT process
131. Living polymers by the use of trithiocarbonates as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents: ABA triblock copolymers by radical polymerization in two steps
132. Living radical polymerization in homogeneous system with phenylazotriphenylmethane as a thermal iniferter
133. Radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-3-cyanopropionate as a thermal iniferter
134. 'Living' radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with diethyl 2,3-dicyano-2,3-diphenylsuccinate as a thermal iniferter
135. Radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with some 1,2-disubstituted tetraphenylethanes as thermal iniferters
136. Features of living radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in homogeneous system using N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate derivatives as photoiniferters
137. Surface photograft polymerization of segmented polyurethane using the iniferter technique
138. 'Living' free radical photopolymerization initiated from surface-grafted iniferter monolayers
139. High-spatioresolved microarchitectural surface prepared by photograft copolymerization using dithiocarbamate: Surface preparation and cellular responses
140. A novel sequential photoinduced living graft polymerization
141. Formation and equilibrium properties of living polymer brushes
142. Controlled synthesis of polymer brushes by 'living' free radical polymerization techniques
143. Synthesis of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes by reverse atom transfer radical polymerization
144. Surface-initiated radical polymerization on porous silica
145. Synthesis of polystyrene-poly {2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate} block copolymers by stable free-radical polymerization
146. Synthesis and characterization of comb-branched polyelectrolytes. 1. Preparation of cationic macromonomer of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate by atom transfer radical polymerization
147. Flocculation of dilute titanium dioxide suspension by graft cationic polyelectrolytes
148. Grafting polyelectrolytes onto polyacrylamide for floculation
149. Facile synthesis of acidic copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerizations in aqueous media at ambient temperature
150. Atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
151. Atom transfer radical polymerization of p-acetoxystyrene for the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers
152. Atom transfer radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide
153. Synthesis, morphology, and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) triblocks. Ligated anionic polymerization vs. atom transfer radical polymerization
154. 2
155. The use of methyl α-bromo methacrylate as a chain transfer agent in emulsion polymerization to yield α-bromo functionalized macromonomers
156. Block copolymers by transformation of living anionic polymerization into controlled/'living' atom transfer radical polymerization
157. Synthesis of polyisoprene-b-polystyrene block copolymers bearing a fluorescent dye at the junction by the combination of living anionic polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization
158. Synthesis of block copolymers by integrated living anionic polymerization-atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)
159. Dendrimer-like star block and amphiphilic copolymers by combination of ring opening and atom transfer polymerization
160. Synthesis and characterization of dendritic aliphatic polyesters based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxyphenyl)ethane
161. Synthesis of functionalized alkoxyamine initiators and approach to well-controlled block copolymers using them
162. Unimolecular combination of an atom transfer polymerization initiator and a lactone monomer as a route to new graft copolymers
163. Block and star block copolymers by mechanism transformation. I. Synthesis of PTHF-PSt-PTHF by the transformation of ATRP into CROP