Trifunctional organolithium initiator based on 1,3,5-tris(1-phenylethenyl)benzene. Synthesis of functionalized, three-armed, star-branched polystyrenes

Macromolecules

Volumn 31, Issue 23, 1998, Pages 8016-8025

  Quirk, Roderic P ^a   Tsai, Yuhsin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION; CARBONATION; INITIATORS (CHEMICAL); LITHIUM COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; ORGANOMETALLICS; REACTION KINETICS; STOICHIOMETRY; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS;

TETRAHYDROFURAN;

POLYSTYRENES;

EID: 0032204524     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma980456p     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Hsieh, H. L.; Quirk, R. P. Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practical Applications; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1996.
2. Fetters, L. J.; Thomas, E. L. In Material Science & Technology; VCH Verlagsgesellschaft: Weinheim, Germany, 1993, Vol. 12, pp 1-31.
3. Roovers, J. Branched Polymers. In Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd ed.; Kroschwitz, J. I., Ed.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1985; Vol. 2, pp 478-499.
4. Grest, G. S.; Fetters, L. J.; Huang, J. S. Star Polymers: Experiment, Theory and Simulation. Adv. Chem. Phys. 1996, XCIV, 67-163.
5. Bywater, S. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1979, 30, 89-116.
6. Bauer, B. J.; Fetters, L. J. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1978, 51, 406-436.
7. Pitsikalis, M.; Pispas, S.; Mays, J. W.; Hadjichristidis, N. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1998, 135, 1-137.
8. Fijumoto, T.; Tani, S.; Takano, K.; Ogawa, M.; Nagasawa, M. Macromolecules 1978, 11, 673-677.
9. Toreki, W.; Takaki, M.; Hogen-Esch, T. E. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 1986, 27 (1), 355-357.
10. Gordon, B., III; Blumenthal, M.; Loftus, J. E. Polym. Bull. 1984, 11, 349.
11. Gordon, B., III; Loftus, J. E. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 1988, 27 (1), 353-354.
12. Eschwey, H.; Hallensleben, M. L.; Burchard, W. Makromol. Chem. 1973, 173, 235-239.
13. Lutz, P.; Rempp, P. Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 1051-1060.
14. Tsitsilianis, C.; Lutz, P.; Graff, S.; Lamps, J.-P.; Rempp, P. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5897.
15. Quirk, R. P. Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 1992, 63, 259.
16. Quirk, R. P.; Ren, J. In Macromolecules. 1992; Kahovec, J., Ed.; VSP International Science Publishers: Zeist, The Netherlands, 1993; pp 133-148.
17. Quirk, R. P. Anionic Synthesis of Polymers with Functional Groups. In Comprehensive Polymer Science, First Supplement; Aggarwal, S. L., Russo, S., Eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, U.K., 1992; pp 83-106.
18. Quirk, R. P.; Ma, J.-J. Polym. Internat. 1991, 24, 197-206.
19. Schulz, G.; Höcker, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1980, 19, 219.
20. (a) Tung, L. H.; Lo, G. Y.-S. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2219-2224.
21. (b) Bredeweg, C. J.; Gatzke, A. L.; Lo, G. Y.-S.; Tung, L. H. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2225-2232.
22. (c) Lo, G. Y.-S.; Otterbacher, E. W.; Gatzke, A. L.; Tung, L. H. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2233-2240.
23. (d) Lo, G. Y.-S.; Otterbacher, E. W.; Pews, R. G.; Tung, L. H. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2241-2248.
24. (e) Gatzke, A. L.; Green, D. P. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2249-2255.
25. Long, T. E.; Broske, A. D.; Bradley, D. J.; McGrath, T. E. J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 1989, 27, 4001-4012.
26. Quirk, R. P.; Chen, W.-C. Makromol. Chem. 1982, 183, 2071-2076.
27. Quirk, R. P.; Cheng, P.-L. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 1291.
28. Quirk, R. P.; Alsamarrarie, M. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1986, 25, 381.
29. Gilman, H.; Cartledge, F. K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1964, 2, 447.
30. Quirk, R. P.; Guo, S.-H.; Alsamarraie, M.; Ignatz-Hoover, F. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 1988, 27 (2), 298-299.
31. Wittig, G.; Schöllkopf, U. Chem. Ber. 1954, 87, 1318-1330.
32. Schulz, G. G. H.; Höcker, H. Makromol. Chem. 1977, 178, 2589.
33. Ignatz- Hoover, F. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 1990.
34. Brown, T. L.; Dickerhoof, D. W.; Bafus, D. A.; Morgan, G. L. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1962, 33, 491.
35. Watson, S. C.; Eastham, J. F. J. Organomet. Chem. 1967, 9, 165-168.
36. Morton, M.; Fetters, L. J. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1975, 48, 359-409.
37. Quirk, R. P.; Yin, J.; Fetters, L. J. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 85-90.
38. Quirk, R. P.; Yin, J. J. Polym. Sci.: Part A, Polym. Chem. 1992, 30, 2349-2355.
39. Anand, L. C.; Takahashi, A.; Gaylord, N. G. Macromol. Synth. 1972, 4, 9.
40. Quirk, R. P.; Schock, L. E.; Lee, B. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 1989, 30 (1), 113-114.
41. Quirk, R. P.; Ignatz-Hoover, F. I. In Recent Advances in Anionic Polymerization Hogen-Esch, T. E., Smid, J., Eds.; Elsevier: New York, 1987; pp 393-401.
42. Worsfold, D. J.; Bywater S. Can. J. Chem. 1960, 38, 1891-1900.
43. Fetters, L. J.; Young, R. N. In Anionic Polymerization. Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Synthesis; McGrath, J. E., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series 166; American Chemical Society: Washington, D. C., 1981; pp 95-106.
44. Young, R. N.; Quirk, R. P.; Fetters, L. J. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1984, 56, 1-90.
45. Wakefield, B. J. The Chemistry of Organolithium Compounds; Pergamon Press: Elmsford, NY, 1974.
46. Morton, M.; Fetters, L. J.; Pett, R. A.; Meier, J. F. Macromolecules 1970, 3, 327-332.
47. Ogle, C. A.; Strickler, F. H.; Gordon, G., III Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5803.
48. Winstein, S.; Clippinger, E.; Fainberg, A. H.; Robinson, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2597.
49. Szwarc, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1983, 49, 1-187.
50. Fetters, L. J. In Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd ed.; Kroschwitz, J. I., Ed.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1987; Vol 10, pp 19-25.
51. Zimm, B. H.; Kilb, R. W. J. Polym. Sci. 1959, 37, 19.
52. Stockmayer, W. H.; Fixman, M. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1953, 57, 334.
53. Quirk, R. P.; Yoo, T. Polym. Bull. 1993, 31, 29-36.
54. Polymer Standards Catalog; American Polymer Standards Corp., Mentor, OH, 1991.
55. Burchard, W. Macromolecules 1974, 7, 835, 840.
56. Burchard, W. Macromolecules 1977, 10, 919.
57. Burchard, W. Brit. Polym. J. 1977, 9, 103.
58. Quirk, R. P.; Lee, B.; Schock, L. E. Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 1992, 53, 201.
59. Pennisi, R. W.; Fetters, L. J. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 1094.