Vertebrate Photoreceptors

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 49-94

  Ebrey, Thomas ^a   Koutalos, Yiannis ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (POTASSIUM); CYCLIC GMP; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; GUANYLATE CYCLASE; GUANYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVATOR; OXIDOREDUCTASE; PHOSDUCIN; PHOSPHODIESTERASE; RECOVERIN; RETINA S ANTIGEN; RETINAL DEHYDROGENASE; TRANSDUCIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VISUAL PIGMENT;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; CALCIUM METABOLISM; COLOR VISION; ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY; LIGHT ADAPTATION; NONHUMAN; PHOTORECEPTOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROCESSING; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION; VISION;

ADAPTATION, OCULAR; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; CALCIUM; CYCLIC GMP; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHOTORECEPTORS, VERTEBRATE; PHOTOTRANSDUCTION; RETINAL PIGMENTS; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID;

EID: 0035218812     PISSN: 13509462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1350-9462(00)00014-8     Document Type: Review

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129. The structure and spectra of the chromophore of the visual pigments
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131. Functional architecture of primate cone and rod axons
132. Modulation of the cGMP-gated channel of rod photoreceptor cells by calmodulin
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134. Rhodopsin phosphorylation and its role in photoreceptor function
135. cGMP phosphodiesterase in rod and cone outer segments of the retina
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137. Single amino acid residue as a functional determinant of rod and cone visual pigments
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141. Isoprenylation in regulation of signal transduction by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases
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149. Protein kinase C and IP3 in photoresponses of functionally intact rod outer segments: Constraints about their role
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170. The cGMP-phosphodiesterase and its contribution to sensitivity regulation in retinal rods
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175. Signal flow in visual transduction
176. Calcium controls light-triggered formation of catalytically active rhodopsin
177. Calcium homeostasis in the outer segments of retinal rods from the tiger salamander
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180. G-protein cascades: Gain and kinetics
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185. A third form of the G protein beta subunit
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188. Dark adaptation of toad rod photoreceptors following small bleaches
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199. Deprotonation of the Schiff base of rhodopsin is obligate in the activation of the G protein
200. Why are blue visual pigments blue? A resonance Raman micropobe study
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202. Visual pigments and the acquisition of visual information
203. UV and midwave-sensitive cone-driven retinal responses of the mouse: A possible phenotype for coexpression of cone photopigments
204. 2+ i
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206. Rapid charge movements and photosensitivity of visual pigments in salamander rods and cones
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208. Incorporation of chelator into guinea-pig rods shows that calcium mediates mammalian photoreceptor light adaptation
209. Effects of lowered cytoplasmic calcium concentration and light on the responses of salamander rod photoreceptors
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211. 2+ concentration during the bright flash response
212. Photoreceptor adaptation is mediated by cytoplasmic calcium concentration
213. Persistent activation of transducin by bleached rhodopsin in salamander rods
214. Role of cytoplasmic calcium concentration in the bleaching adaptation of salamander cone photoreceptors
215. Free calcium concentrations in bullfrog rods determined in the presence of multiple forms of fura-2
216. Presence and foveal enrichment of rod opsin in the 'All Cone' retina of the American chameleon
217. Phosphorylation sites in bovine rhodopsin
218. Absorption spectra of the human cone pigments
219. Differences in calcium homeostasis between retinal rod and cone photoreceptor revealed by the effects of voltage on the cGMP-gated conductance in intact cells
220. Differences in transduction between rod and cone photoreceptors: An exploration of the role of calcium homeostasis
221. The oddity of blue
222. Color vision
223. Modulation of rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channels by tyrosine phosphorylation
224. Compound eyes: Localization of two color receptors in the same ommatidium
225. How vertebrate and invertebrate visual pigments differ in their mechanism of photoactivation
226. Calcium and light adaptation in retinal rods and cones
227. Sodium-dependent calcium extrusion and sensitivity regulation in retinal cones of the salamander
228. 2+-modulation of the cGMP-gated channel of bullfrog retinal rod photoreceptors
229. Determinants of visual pigment absorbance: Identification of the retinylidene Schiff's base counterion in bovine rhodopsin
230. Determinants of visual pigment absorbance: Role of charged amino acids in the putative transmembrane segments
231. Isolation, sequence analysis, and intron-exon arrangement of the gene encoding bovine rhodopsin
232. Molecular genetics of human color vision: The genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments
233. Spectral tuning of pigments underlying red-green color vision
234. The rod transducin alpha subunit amino terminus is heterogeneously fatty acylated
235. Involvement of protein kinase C in the phosphorylation of rhodopsin
236. Kinetics of recovery of the dark-adapted salamander rod photoresponse
237. The 2.2 A crystal structure of transducin-alpha complexed with GTP gamma S
238. Sequential phosphorylation of rhodopsin at multiple sites
239. Control of rhodopsin multiple phosphorylation
240. Rhodopsin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in vivo
241. Structural and enzymatic aspects of rhodopsin phosphorylation
242. Spectral sensitivities of seven morphological types of photoreceptors in the retina of the turtle, Geoclemys reevesii
243. X-ray diffraction analysis of three-dimensional crystals of bovine rhodopsin obtained from mixed micelles
244. Photosensitivities of iodopsin and rhodopsins
245. Primary structures of chicken cone visual pigments: Vertebrate rhodopsins have evolved out of cone visual pigments
246. Molecular basis for tetrachromatic color vision
247. Structure of the human cone transducin G gamma subunit gene
248. Molecular cloning and characterization of the G protein gamma subunit of cone photoreceptors
249. Design, chemical synthesis, and expression of genes for the three human color vision pigments
250. Properties and content of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in photoreceptor outer segments of ground squirrel retina
251. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of rhodopsin in retinal disk membranes
252. Localization of guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 in mammalian retinas
253. Phosphorylation of photolyzed rhodopsin is calcium-insensitive in retina permeabilized by alpha-toxin
254. Rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin: Structure-function relationships
255. Two adjacent cysteine residues in the c-terminal cytoplasmic fragment of bovine rhodopsin are palmitylated
256. Identification of cyclic nucleotide-regulated phosphoproteins, including phosducin, in motile rod inner-outer segments of teleosts
257. Spectral sensitivity of cones in the goldfish, Carassius auratus
258. The catalytic subunit of phosphatase 2A dephosphorylates phosphoopsin
259. Mechanism of rhodopsin kinase activation
260. The influence of arrestin (48 kDa protein) and rhodopsin kinase on visual transduction
261. Characterization of a truncated form of arrestin isolated from bovine rod outer segments
262. Molecular cloning and characterization of retinal photoreceptor guanylyl cyclase-activating protein
263. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of an ultraviolet-sensitive insect rhodopsin
264. Palmitylation of a G-protein coupled receptor. Direct analysis by tandem mass spectrometry
265. Mass spectrometric identification of phosphorylation sites in bleached bovine rhodopsin
266. L'hemeralopie et les fonctions du pourpre visuel
267. Rods and cones - A new approach
268. Duplicity theory and microstructure of the retina: Rods and cones - A fresh approach
269. The nature of the gecko visual cell: A light and electron microscopic study
270. Retinal rods and cones have distinct G protein beta and gamma subunits
271. Light-dependent delay in the falling phase of the retinal rod response
272. Response properties of cones from the retina of the tiger salamander
273. Differences in response kinetics and absolute sensitivity between red-, blue- and ultraviolet-sensitive cones of the tiger salamander
274. Permeation and interaction of monovalent cations with the cGMP-gated channel of cone photoreceptors
275. Analysis of fluctuations in the cGMP-dependent currents of cone photoreceptor outer segments
276. 2+ with cGMP-gated ion channels differ in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors
277. Rods and cones
278. The transmembrane 7-alfa-bundle of rhodopsin: Distance geometry calculation with hydrogen bonding constraints
279. Color vision and night vision
280. Molecular cloning and functional expression of the potassium dependent sodium-calcium exchanger from human and chicken retinal cone photoreceptors
281. Amplification and kinetics of the activation steps in phototransduction
282. Molecular mechanisms of vertebrate photoreceptor light adaptation
283. Interaction between photoactivated rhodopsin and its kinase: Stability and kinetics of complex formation
284. Cloning and expression of the red visual pigment gene of goat (Capra hircus)
285. Genetic analyses of the green visual pigments of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus)
286. Activating mutations of rhodopsin and other G protein-coupled receptors
287. Identification and characterization of all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase from photoreceptor outer segments, the visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol
288. The concentration of cytosolic free calcium in vertebrate rod outer segments measured with fura-2
289. Expression of rod and cone visual pigments in goldfish and zebrafish: A rhodopsin-like gene is expressed in cones
290. 2+-dependent, diffusible factor modulates the cGMP-gated ion channels differently than in rods
291. Primary structure and functional expression of the Na/Ca, K-exhanger from bovine rod photoreceptors
292. Structure and function in rhodopsin: Covalent cross linking of the rhodopsin (metarhodopsin II)-transducin complex - The rhodopsin cytoplasmic face links to the transducin alpha subunit
293. Molecular origin of continuous dark noise in rod photoreceptors
294. Origin of reproducibility in the responses of retinal rods to single photons
295. Visual transduction in dialyzed detached rod outer segments from lizard retina
296. Zebrafish ultraviolet visual pigment: Absorption spectrum, sequence, and localization
297. Constitutively active mutants of rhodopsin
298. Carbohydrate components recognized by the cone-specific monoclonal antibody CSA-1 and by peanut agglutinin are associated with red and green-sensitive cone photoreceptors
299. Immunocytochemical reactivity of Xenopus laevis retinal rods and cones with several monoclonal antibodies to visual pigments
300. Two different visual pigments in one retinal cone cell
301. The Ferrier lecture 1962. Visual adaptation
302. Bleaching and regeneration of cone pigments in man
303. Rhodopsin: A prototypical G protein-coupled receptor
304. Glutamic acid-113 as the retinylidene Schiff base counterion in bovine rhodopsin
305. 2+ in salamander rods
306. 2+ concentration in salamander cone photoreceptors
307. Intracellular biochemical manipulation of phototransduction in detached rod outer segments
308. Structure of rhodopsin
309. Visual transduction in cones of the monkey Macaca fascicularis
310. Photovoltage of rods and cones in the macaque retina
311. 2+ sequestration and release in intact bovine retinal rod outer segments: Role in inactivation of Na-Ca-K exchange
312. 2+ concentration in the outer segments of bovine retinal rods by Na-Ca-K exchange measured with fluo-3. Part 1: Efficiency of transport and interactions between cations
313. Regulation of the bovine retinal rod Na-Ca-K exchanger
314. Zur anatomie und physiologie der retina
315. The Na/Ca-K exchanger of rod photoreceptor exists as dimer in the plasma membrane
316. Identification and characterization of a conserved family of protein serine/theonine phosphatase homologous to drosophila retinal degeneration C (rdgC)
317. Is chicken green-sensitive cone visual pigment a rhodopsin-like pigment? A comparative study of the molecular properties between chicken green and rhodopsin
318. Molecular cloning of a retina-specific membrane guanylyl cyclase
319. The photoreceptors and visual pigments of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): A microspectrophotometric, scanning electron microscope, and immunocytochemical study
320. Alligator rhodopsin: Sequence and biochemical properties
321. 4
322. Crystal structure of a G-protein beta gamma dimer at 2.1-A resolution
323. Activation of transducin by a Xenopus short wavelength visual pigment
324. Cloning and expression of a Xenopus short wavelength cone pigment
325. Cone structure and visual pigment content in the retina of the goldfish
326. Peropsin, a novel visual pigment-like protein located in the apical microvilli of the retinal pigment epithelium
327. Mechanisms of spectral tuning in the mouse green cone pigment
328. Identification of the blue-sensitive cones in the mammalian retina by anti-visual pigment antibody
329. Four photoreceptor types in the ground squirrel retina as evidenced by immunocytochemistry
330. The mosaic of colour-specific photoreceptors in the mammalian retina as defined by immunocytochemistry
331. Immunocytochemical discrimination of visual pigments in the retinal photoreceptors of the nocturnal gecko Teratoscincus Scincus
332. Monoclonal antibody-recognizing cone visual pigment
333. Difference in PNA label intensity between short- and middle-wavelength sensitive cones in the ground squirrel retina
334. Domain mapping of the retinal cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase gamma-subunit
335. Calcium feedback and sensitivity regulation in primate rods
336. Sequences and structure of retinal proteins
337. Visual pigments expressed in the gekkonidae
338. Structure and function in rhodopsin: Peptide sequences in the cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin are intimately involved in interaction with rhodopsin kinase
339. Evolution of visual pigments and related molecules
340. The calculus of rod phototransduction
341. Role for the target enzyme in deactivation of photoreceptor G protein in vivo
342. Two amino acid substitutions convert a guanylyl cyclase, RetGC1, into an adenylyl cyclase
343. Protein kinase C in rod outer segments: Effects of phosphorylation of the phosphodiesterase inhibitory subunit
344. Contribution of protein kinase C to the phosphorylation of rhodopsin in intact retinas
345. The eye
346. Arrangement of rhodopsin transmembrane alpha-helices
347. Neurochemistry of the mammalian cone 'synaptic complex'
348. Cloning and characterization of six zebrafish photoreceptor opsin cDNAs and immunolocalization of their corresponding proteins
349. Uber die Funktion der Netzhautstabchen
350. Expression of phototransduction cascade genes in the ground squirrel retina
351. Localization of opsins in the photoreceptor systems of Anolis carolinensis
352. Iodopsin
353. The visual system of the alligator
354. --binding site in the human red and green color vision pigments
355. The cloning of GRK7, a candidate cone opsin kinase, from cone- and rod-dominant mammalian retinas
356. Histadine residues regulate the transition of photoexcited rhodopsin to its active conformation, metarhodopsin II
357. Rhodopsin activation: Effects on the metarhodopsin I-metarhodopsin II equilibrium of neutralization or introduction of charged amino acids within putative transmembrane segments
358. Variability in the time course of single photon responses from toad rods: Termination of rhodopsin's activity
359. Localization of protein kinase C to UV-sensitive photoreceptors in the mouse retina
360. Duration and amplitude of the light-induced cGMP hydrolysis in vertebrate photoreceptors are regulated by multiple phosphorylation of rhodopsin and by arrestin binding
361. The molecular basis for UV vision in birds: Spectral characteristics cDNA sequence and retinal localization of the UV-sensitive visual pigment of the Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)
362. The polymorphic photopigments of the marmoset: Spectral tuning and genetic basis
363. Protein kinase C activity and light sensitivity of single amphibian rods
364. Prolonged photoresponses in transgenic mouse rods lacking arrestin
365. Molecular cloning of the salamander red and blue cone visual pigments
366. Molecular cloning and sequencing of a salamander red and blue cone pigments
367. Phosphorylation of the gamma subunit of the retinal photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and its effect on the gamma subunit interaction with other proteins
368. Structure and function in rhodopsin. Single cysteine substitution mutants in the cytoplasmic interhelical E-F loop region show position-specific effects in transducin activation
369. Two eye guanylyl cyclases are expressed in the same photoreceptor cells and form homomers in preference to heteromers
370. Inorganic pyrophosphatase from bovine retinal rod outer segments
371. Molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNA encoding a mammalian inorganic pyrophosphatase
372. Transduction mechanisms of vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors
373. Phototransduction mechanism in retinal rods and cones
374. Light-suppressible, cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance in the plasma membrane of a truncated rod outer segment
375. Structure of the carboxy-terminal domain of bovine rhodopsin
376. Gene duplications and evolution of the short wavelength-sensitive visual pigments in vertebrates
377. Amino acid replacements and wavelength absorption of visual pigments in vertebrates
378. Molecular genetic basis of adaptive selection: Examples from color vision in vertebrates
379. Phylogenetic analysis and experimental approaches to study color vision in vertebrates
380. The 'five-sites' rule and the evolution of red and green color vision in mammals
381. Regeneration of ultraviolet pigments of vertebrates
382. The phosphorylation state of phosducin determines its ability to block transducin subunit interactions and inhibit transducin binding to activated rhodopsin
383. Convergent evolution of the red- and green-like visual pigment genes in fish, Astyanax fasciatus, and human
384. Molecular characterization of a blue visual pigment gene in the fish Astyanax fasciatus
385. Adaptive evolution of photoreceptors and visual pigments in vertebrates
386. Chloride binding regulates the Schiff base pK in gecko P521 cone-type visual pigment
387. Structure and function of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels
388. Identification of cone classes in Xenopus retina by immunocytochemistry and staining with lectins and vital dyes
389. Rhodopsin phosphorylation sites and their role in arrestin binding
390. Molecular forms of human rhodopsin kinase (GRK1)
391. A novel form of rhodopsin kinase from chicken retina and pineal gland
392. Effect of carboxylic acid side chains on the absorption maximum of visual pigments
393. Cyclic nucleotide gated channels