Anti-influenza drugs and neuraminidase inhibitors

Progress in Drug Research

Volumn 56, Issue , 2001, Pages 195-237

  Roberts, Noel A ^a  

^a ROCHE PRODUCTS LTD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antivirals; Clinical efficacy; Haemagglutinin; Influenza; Inhibitor design; Neuraminidase; Neuraminidase inhibitors; Prophylaxis; Treatment; Viral replication

Indexed keywords

4 ACETAMIDO 5 AMINO 3 (1 ETHYLPROPOXY) 1 CYCLOHEXENE 1 CARBOXYLIC ACID; 4 [1 BENZYL 3 (4 CHLOROBENZYL) 3 PIPERIDINYL] 2,4 DIOXOBUTYRIC ACID; AMANTADINE; AMITIVIR; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; BL 1743; BMY 26270; BMY 27709; CL 385319; CL 61917; CL 62554; FLUTAMIDE; LY 311912; LY 314177; OSELTAMIVIR; PERAMIVIR; PODOCARPIC ACID DERIVATIVE; RIBAVIRIN; SIALIDASE INHIBITOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZANAMIVIR;

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SENSITIVITY; DRUG SPECIFICITY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; INFLUENZA; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0035033963     PISSN: 0071786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8319-1_5     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. N.J. Cox and C.A. Bender: Semin. Virol. 6, 359-370 (1995).
2. A.D. Osterhaus, G.F. Rimmelzwann, B.E. Martina, T.M. Bestebroer and R.A. Fouchier: Science 288, 1051-1053 (2000).
3. R.G. Webster, W.G. Laver, G.M. Air and G.C. Schild: Nature 296, 115-121 (1982).
4. K.G. Nicholson, in: K.G. Nicholson, R.G. Webster and A.J. Hay (eds.): Textbook of influenza, Blackwell Science, Oxford 1998, 219-264.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep. 48 (RR-04), 1-28 (1999).
6. L. Simonsen, M.J. Clarke, G.D. Williamson, D.F. Stroup, N.H. Arden and L.B. Schonberger: Am. J. Public Health 87, 1944-1950 (1997).
7. G. Noble, in: A.S. Beare (ed.): Basic and applied influenza research, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1982, 11-50.
8. T.R. Cate: Am. J. Med. 82 (Suppl. 6A), 15-19 (1987).
9. M. Keech, A.J. Scott and P.J.J. Ryan: Occup. Med. 48, 85-90 (1998).
10. A.M. Palache: Drugs 54, 841-856 (1997).
11. R.G. Webster: Vaccine 18, 1696-1689 (2000).
12. Pritchett TJ and Paulson JC: J. Biol Chem. 264, 9850-9858 (1989).
13. M. Mammen, G. Dahmann and G.M. Whitesides: J. Med. Chem. 38, 4179-4190 (1995).
14. H.D. Klenk and R. Rott: Adv. Virus Res. 34, 247-281 (1988).
15. V.P. Lozitsky, L.E. Puzis and R.Y. Polyar: Acta Virol. 32, 117-122 (1988).
16. V.P. Lozitsky, A.S. Fedchuk, L.I. Zubareva and T.L. Gridina: Antiviral Res. 46, A60 (2000).
17. L.E. Puzis and V.P. Lozitsky: Acta Virol. 32, 515-521 (1988).
18. G. Luo, A. Torri, W.E. Harte, S. Danetz, C. Cianci, L. Tiley, S. Day, D. Mullaney, K.L. Yu, C. Ouellet et al.: J. Virol. 71, 4062-4070 (1997).
19. S.J. Plotch, B. O'Hara, J. Morin, O. Palant, J. LaRocque, J.D. Bloom, S.A. Lang Jr, M.J. DiGrandi, M. Bradley, R. Nilakantan et al.: J. Virol. 73, 140-151 (1999).
20. S. Shigeta: Drugs R & D 2, 153-164 (1999).
21. W.J. Hornback, J.E. Munroe, J. Tang and R.K. Sachs: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy [abstract #950] 39, San Francisco, Sep 1999.
22. F.Y. Aoki, in: K.G. Nicholson, R.G. Webster and A.J. Hay (eds.): Textbook of influenza, Blackwell Science, Oxford 1998, 457-476.
23. F.G. Hayden and A.J. Hay: Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 176, 119-130 (1992).
24. F.G. Hayden, R.B. Belshe, R.D. Clover, A.J. Hay, M.G. Oakes and W. Soo: N. Engl. J. Med. 321, 1696-1702 (1989).
25. F.G. Hayden, J.M. Gwaltney Jr, R.L. van de Castle, K.F. Adams and B. Giordani: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 19, 226-233 (1981).
26. A.S. Monto and N.H. Arden: Clin. Infect. Dis. 15, 362-367 (1992).
27. Q. Tu, L.H. Pinto, G.X. Luo, M.A. Shaughnessy, D. Mullaney, S. Kurtz, M. Krystal and R.A. Lamb: J. Virol. 70, 4246-4252 (1996).
28. H. Ochiai, S. Sakai, T. Hirabayashi, Y. Shimizu and K. Terasawa: Antiviral Res. 27, 425-430 (1995).
29. R.A. Lamb and R.M. Krug, in: B.N. Fields, D.M. Knipe and P.M. Howley (eds.): Fields virology, Lippincott-Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 1996, 1353-1445.
30. L. Doan, B. Handa, N.A. Roberts and K. Klumpp: Biochemistry 38, 5612-5619 (1999).
31. J.E. Tomassini, M.E. Davies, J.C. Hastings, R. Lingham, M. Mojena, S.L. Raghoobar, S.B. Singh, J.S. Tkacz and M.A. Goetz: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40, 1189-1193 (1996).
32. C. Cianci, T.D.Y. Chung, N. Meanwell, H. Putz, M. Hagen, R.J. Colonno, M. Krystal: Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 7, 353-360 (1996).
33. J. Tomassini, H. Selnick, M.E. Davies, M.E. Armstrong, J. Baldwin, M. Bourgeois, J. Hastings, D. Hazuda, J. Lewis, W. McClements et al: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 2827-2837 (1994).
34. J.C. Hastings, H. Selnick, B. Wolanski and J.E. Tomassini: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40, 1304-1307 (1996).
35. M. Tisdale, M. Ellis, K. Klumpp, S. Court and M. Ford: Antmicrob Agents Chemother 39, 2454-2458 (1995).
36. M. Tisdale, M. Ellis, S. Court and M. Ford: Antiviral Res. 20 (Suppl. 1), 100 (1993).
37. M. Tisdale, G. Appleyard, J.V. Tuttle, D.J. Nelson, S. Nusinoff-Lehrman, W. Al Nakib, J.N. Stables, D.J.M. Purifoy, K.L. Powell and G. Darby: Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 4, 281-287 (1993).
38. E.H. Nasser, A.K. Judd, A. Sanchez, D. Anastasiou and D.J. Bucher: J. Virol. 70, 8639-8644 (1996).
39. A.K. Judd, A. Sanchez, D.J. Bucher, J.H. Huffman, K. Bailey and R.W. Sidwell: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 687-692 (1997).
40. C. Elster, E. Fourest, F. Baudin, K. Larsen, S. Cusack and R.W. Ruigrok: J. Gen. Virol. 75, 37-42 (1994).
41. B. Sha and M. Luo: Nat. Struct. Biol. 4, 239-244 (1997).
42. D.B. Olsen, F. Benseler, J.L. Cole, M.W. Stahlhut, R.E. Dempski, P.L. Darke and, L.C. Kuo: J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7435-7439 (1996).
43. T.D.Y. Chung, C. Cianci, M. Hagen, B. Terry, J.T. Matthews, M. Krystal and R.J. Colonno: Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 2372-2376 (1994).
44. G. Luo, S. Danetz and M. Krystal: J. Gen. Virol. 78, 2329-2333 (1997).
45. T. Abe, S. Suzuki, T. Hatta, K. Takai, T. Yokota and H. Takaku: Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 9, 253-262 (1998).
46. T. Mizuta, M. Fujiwara, T. Hatta, T. Abe, N. Miyano-Kurosaki, S. Shigeta, T. Yokota and H. Takaku: Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 583-587 (1999).
47. J.M. Colacino, D.C. Delong, J.R. Nelson, W.A. Spitzer, J. Tang, F. Victor and C.Y. Wu: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34, 2156-2163 (1990).
48. F.G. Hayden, A.R. Tunkel, J.J. Treanor, R.F. Betts, S. Allerheiligen and J. Harris: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 1178-1181 (1994).
49. B.E. Gilbert and V. Knight: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 30, 201-205 (1986).
50. V. Knight and B. Gilbert: Eur. J. Clin. Microb. Infect. Dis. 7, 721-731 (1988).
51. D.S. Stein, C.M. Creticos, G.G. Jackson, J.M. Bernstein, F.G. Hayden, G.M. Schiff and D.I. Bernstein: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31, 1285-1287 (1987).
52. F.G. Hayden, C.A. Sable, J.D. Connor and J. Lane: Antiviral Ther. 1, 51-56 (1996).
53. P. Palese, K. Tobita, M. Ueda and R.W. Compans: Virology 61, 397-410 (1974).
54. P.M. Colman, J.N. Varghese and W.G. Laver: Nature 303, 41-44 (1983).
55. D.B. Mendel and R.W. Sidwell: Drug Resist Updates 1, 184-189 (1998).
56. J.L. McKimm-Breschkin, T.J. Blick and A. Sahasrabudhe, in: L.E. Brown, A.W. Hampson and R.G. Webster (eds.): Options for the control of influenza III. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1996, 726-734.
57. H. Goto and Y. Kawaoka: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 10224-10228 (1998).
58. C. Luo, E. Nobusawa and K. Nakajima: J. Gen. Virol. 80, 2969-2976 (1999).
59. J.N. Varghese, W.G. Laver and P.M. Colman: Nature 303, 35-40 (1983).
60. J.N. Varghese and P.M. Colman: J. Mol. Biol. 221, 473-486 (1991).
61. J.N. Varghese, J.L. McKimm-Breschkin, J.B. Caldwell, A.A. Kortt and P.M. Colman: Proteins 14, 327-332 (1992).
62. P. Meindl and H. Tuppy: Hoppe Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem. 350, 1088-1092 (1969).
63. P. Palese and J.L. Schulman, in: J.S. Oxford (ed.): Chemoprophylaxis and virus infections of the upper respiratory tract, vol. 1, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1977, 189-205.
64. P. Meindl, G. Bodo, P. Palese, J. Schulman and H. Tuppy: Virology 58, 457-463 (1974).
65. P. Palese and R.W. Compans: J. Gen. Virol. 33, 159-163 (1976).
66. M. von Itzstein, W.Y. Wu, G.B. Kok, M.S. Pegg, J.C. Dyason, B. Jin, T. Van Phan, M.L. Smythe, H.F. White, S.W. Oliver et al.: Nature 363, 418-423 (1993).
67. S. Newman, J. Brown, M. Pickford, S. Fayinka and L. Cass: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy [abstract H134] 37, 237 (1997).
68. C.U. Kim, W. Lew, M.A. Williams, H. Liu, L. Zhang, S. Swaminathan, N. Bischofberger, M.S. Chen, D.B. Mendel, C.Y. Tai et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 681-690 (1997).
69. W. Li, P.A. Escarpe, E.J. Eisenberg, K.C. Cundy, C. Sweet, K.J. Jakeman, J. Mersonn, W. Lew, M. Williams, L. Zhang et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 647-653 (1998).
70. D.B. Mendel, C.Y. Tai, P.A. Escarpe, W. Li, R.W. Sidwell, J.H. Huffman, C. Sweet, K.J. Jakeman, J. Merson, S.A. Lacy et al: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 640-646 (1998).
71. F.G. Hayden and B.S. Rollins: Antiviral Res. 34, A86 (1997).
72. I.A. Leneva, N. Roberts, E.A. Govorkova, O.G. Golubeva and R.G. Webster: Antiviral Res. 48, 101-115 (2000).
73. S. Bantia, P. Chand, C. Parker, S. Ananth, L. Horn, P. Kotian, A. Dehghani, Y. Kattan, T. Lin, T. Hutchinson et al.: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy [abstract 947] 39, 323 (1999).
74. J.H. Huffman, A. Morrison, V. Stowell, D.L. Barnard, K. Bush and R.W. Sidwell: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39, 322-323 (1999).
75. S. Bantia, P. Chand, C. Parker, S. Ananth, L. Horn, P. Kotian, A. Dehghani, Y. Kattan, T. Lin, T. Hutchinson et al.: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy [abstract 948] 39, 323 (1999).
76. R.W. Sidwell, J.H. Huffman, K.W. Bailey, P.A. Bemis, T. Coogan, K. Bush and Y.S. Babu: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39, 323 (1999).
77. P.W. Smith, J.E. Robinson, D.M. Evans, S.L. Sollis, P.D. Howes, N. Trivedi and R.C. Bethell: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 601-604 (1999).
78. P.S. Jones, P.W. Smith, G.W. Hardy, P.D. Howes, R.J. Upton and R.C. Bethell: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 605-610 (1999).
79. C. Holzer, M. von Iztstein, B. Jin, M. Pegg, W. Stewart and W.-Y. Wu: Glycocon. J. 10, 40-44 (1993).
80. P.W. Smith, N. Trivedi, P.D. Howes, S.L. Sollis, G. Rahim, R.C. Bethell and S. Lynn: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 611-614 (1999).
81. J.S. Oxford and R. Lambkin: Drug Discovery Today 3, 448-456 (1998).
82. L.V. Gubareva, C.R. Penn and R.G. Webster: Virology 212, 323-330 (1995).
83. J.M. Woods, R.C. Bethell, J.A.V. Coates, N. Healy, S.A. Hiscox, B.A. Pearson, D.M. Ryan, J. Ticehurst, J. Tilling, S.M. Walcott et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 1473-1479 (1993).
84. E.A. Govorkova, G. Murti, B. Meignier, C. de Taisne and R.G. Webster: J. Virol. 70, 5519-5524 (1996).
85. T. Ito, Y. Suzuki, A. Takada, A. Kawamoto, K. Otsuki, H. Masada, M. Yamada, T. Suzuki, H. Kida and Y. Kawaoka: J. Virol. 71, 3357-3362 (1997).
86. L.V. Gubareva, M.N. Matrosovch, M.K. Brenner, R.C. Bethell and R.G. Webster: J. Infect. Dis. 178, 1257-1262 (1998).
87. J.L. McKimm-Breschkin, T.J. Blick, A. Sahasrabudhe, T. Tiong, D. Marshall, G.J. Hart, R.C. Bethell and C.R. Penn: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40, 40-46 (1996).
88. J.S. Oxford, I.S. Logan and C.W. Potter: Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 173, 300-313 (1970).
89. L.V. Gubareva, R. Bethell, G.J. Hart, K.G. Murti, C.R. Penn and R.G. Webster: J. Virol. 70, 1818-1827 (1996).
90. C.R. Penn, J.M. Barnett, R.C. Bethell, R. Fenton, K.L. Gearing, N. Healy and A.J. Jowett, in: L.E. Brown, A.W. Hampson and R. Webster (eds.): Options for the control of influenza III, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1996, 735-740.
91. A. Sahasrabudhe, T. Blick and J. McKimm-Breschkin, in: L.E. Brown, A.W. Hampson and R.G. Webster (eds.): Options for the control of influenza III, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1996, 748-752.
92. C.Y. Tai, P.A. Escarpe, R.W. Sidwell, M.A. Williams, W. Lew, H. Wu, C.U. Kim and D.B. Mendel: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 3234-3241 (1998).
93. S. Bantia, S. Ananth, L. Horn, C. Parker, U. Gulati, P. Chand, Y. Babu and G. Air: Antiviral Res. 46, A60 (2000).
94. K.A. Staschke, J.M. Colacino, A.J. Baxter, G.M. Air, A. Bansal, W.J. Homback, J.E. Munroe and W.G. Laver: Virology 214, 642-646 (1995).
95. L.V. Gubareva, M.J. Robinson, R.C. Bethell and R.G. Webster: J. Virol. 71, 3385-3390 (1997).
96. J. Carr, J. Ives, N. Roberts, L. Kelly, R. Lambkin, J. Oxford, C.Y. Tai, D. Mendel and F. Hayden: Antiviral Res. 46, A59 (2000).
97. L.V. Gubareva, C.Y. Tai, D.B. Mendel, J. Ives, J. Carr, N.A. Roberts and F.G. Hayden: Antiviral Res. 46, A59 (2000).
98. Z.M. Wang, C.Y. Tai and D.B. Mendel: Antiviral Res. [abstract 80] 46, A60 (2000).
99. Z.M. Wang, C.Y. Tai and D.B. Mendel: Antiviral Res. [abstract 81] 46, A60 (2000).
100. S. Raut, J. Hurd, R.J. Cureton, G. Blandfordand R.B. Heath: J. Med. Microbiol. 8, 127-136 (1975).
101. P.R. Wyde, R.B. Couch, B.F. Mackler, T.R. Cate and B.M. Levy: Infect. Immun. 15, 221-229 (1977).
102. M.D. Ryan, J. Ticehurst, M.H. Dempsey and C.R. Penn: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 2270-2275 (1994).
103. R.W. Sidwell, J.H. Huffman, D.L. Barnard, K.W. Bailey, M-H. Wong, A. Morrison, T. Syndergaard and C.U. Kim: Antiviral Res. 37, 107-120 (1998).
104. M.D. Ryan, J. Ticehurst and M.H. Dempsey: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 2583-2584 (1995).
105. R.J. Fenton, I. Owens, P. Morley and C.R. Penn: Options for the Control of Influenza III [abstract], Cairns, Australia, 4-9 May 1996.
106. R.W. Sidwell, R.A. Burger, J.H. Huffman, K.W. Bailey and R.P. Warren: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38, 335 (1998).
107. G. He, J. Massarella and P. Ward: Clin. Pharmacokinet. 37, 471-484 (1999).
108. E.J. Eisenberg, A. Bidgood and K.C. Cundy: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 1949-1952 (1997).
109. M.J. Daniel, J.M. Barnett and B.A. Pearson: Clin. Pharmacokinet. 36 (Suppl. 1), 41-50 (1999).
110. L. Cass, J. Brown, M. Pickford, S. Fayinka , S.P. Newman, C.J. Johansson and A. Bye: Clin. Pharmacokinet. 36 (Suppl. 1), 21-31 (1999).
111. A. Webster, M. Boyce, S. Edmundson and I. Miller: Clin. Pharmacokinet. 36 (Suppl. 1), 51-58 (1999).
112. J.J. Treanor, F.G. Hayden, P.S. Vrooman, R. Barbarash, R. Bettis, D. Riff, S. Singh, N. Kinnersley, P. Ward and R.G. Mills: JAMA 283, 1016-1024 (2000).
113. C. Efthymiopoulos, P. Barrington, J. Patel, A. Harker, A. Harris, E.K. Hussey and A. Bye: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 34, 265 (1994).
114. R.J. Malcolmson and J.K. Embleton: Pharm. Sci. Tech. Today 1, 394-398 (1998).
115. K.G. Neilsen, M. Skov, B. Klug, M. Ifversen and H. Bisgaard: Eur. Respir. J. 10, 2105-2109 (1997).
116. D.P. Calfee, A.W. Peng, E.K. Hussey, M. Lobo and F.G. Hayden: Antiviral Ther. 4, 143-149 (1999).
117. M. Kurowski, J. Barrett, E. Waalberg, N.V. Nagaraja, H. Derendorf and H. Wiltshire: Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Canada, 17-20 Sep 2000.
118. F.G. Hayden, J.J. Treanor, R.F. Betts, M. Lobo, J.D. Esinhart and E.K. Hussey: JAMA 275, 295-299 (1996).
119. F.G. Hayden, J.T. Treanor, R.S. Fritz, M. Lobo, R.F. Betts, M. Miller, N. Kinnersley, R.G. Mills, P. Ward and S.E. Straus: JAMA 282, 1240-1246 (1999).
120. F.G. Hayden, M. Lobo, E.K. Hussy and C.U. Eason, in: L.E. Brown, A.W. Hampson and R.G. Webster (eds.): Options for the control of influenza III, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1996, 718-725.
121. F.G. Hayden, L. Jennings, R. Robson, G. Schiff, H. Jackson, B. Rana, G. McClelland, D. Ipe, N. Roberts and P. Ward: Antiviral Ther. 5, 205-213 (2000).
122. F.G. Hayden, J.J. Treanor, R. Qu and C.L. Fowler: 9th ICID [abstract #80.018], Buenos Aires, 10-13 Apr 2000.
123. F.G. Hayden, R.S. Fritz, M. Lobo, G. Alvord, W. Strober and S.E. Straus: J. Clin. Invest. 101, 643-649 (1998).
124. F.G. Hayden, R.L. Atmar, M. Schilling, C. Johnson, D. Poretz, D. Parr, L. Huson, P. Ward, R.G. Mills and the Oseltamivir Study Group: N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 1336-1343 (1999).
125. MIST (Management of Influenza in the Southern Hemisphere Trialists) Study Group: Lancet 352, 1877-1881 (1998).
126. D. Fleming, M. Mäkela, K. Pauksens, C. Man, A. Webster and O. Keene: 36th IDSA, Denver, USA, 12-15 Nov 1998.
127. J. Lalezari, T. Klein, J. Stapleton, M. Elliott, N. Flack and O. Keene: 21st ICC, Birmingham, UK, 4-7 Jul 1999.
128. K.G. Nicholson, F.Y. Aoki, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, S. Trottier, O. Carewicz, C.H. Mercier, A. Rode, N. Kinnersley, P. Ward and the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Flu Treatment Investigator Group: Lancet 355, 1845-1850 (2000).
129. J.A. Hedrick, A. Barzilai, U. Behre, F.W. Henderson, J. Hammond, L. Reilly, O. Keene: Pediatr. Infect Dis. J. 19, 410-417 (2000).
130. K. Reisinger, F. Hayden, R. Whitley, R. Dutkowski, D. Ipe, R. Mills and P. Ward: 10th ECCMID, Stockholm, 28-31 May 2000.
131. A.S. Monto, D.P. Robinson, M.L. Herlocher, J.M. Hinson Jr, M.J. Elliott and A. Crisp: JAMA 282, 31-35 (1999).
132. V. De Bock, P. Peters, T. von Planta, M. Gibbens and P. Ward: Clin. Microbiol. Infect 6 (Suppl. 1), 140 (2000).
133. J. Oxford, H. Jackson, L. Huson and P. Ward: 2nd ISIRV, Cayman Islands, 10-12 Dec 1999.
134. F.G. Hayden, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, J.J. Treanor, D.M. Fleming, F.Y. Aoki, K.G. Nicholson, A.M. Bohnen, H.M. Hirst, O. Keene and K. Wightman: N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 874-880 (1997).
135. G. Yamey: BMJ 320, 334 (2000).
136. A.M. McBean, J.D. Babish and J.L. Warren: Arch. Intern. Med. 153, 2105-2111 (1993).
137. Pounsford JC: Eur. Respir. Rev. 4, 82-84 (1994).
138. J. Ives, J. Carr, N.A. Roberts, C.Y. Tai, D.B. Mendel, L. Kelly, R. Lambkin and J. Oxford: J. Clin. Virol. [P-321] 18, 251 (2000).
139. J. Ives, J. Carr, N.A. Roberts, C.Y. Tai, D.B. Mendel, L. Kelly, R. Lambkin and J. Oxford: J. Clin. Virol. [P-330] 18, 255 (2000).