Mutation spectra in supF: Approaches to elucidating sequence context effects

Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis

Volumn 450, Issue 1-2, 2000, Pages 61-73

  Canella, Karen A ^a   Seidman, Michael M ^b  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

Author keywords

Custom marker genes; Mutation; Sequence context; supF Shuttle vector

Indexed keywords

DNA POLYMERASE; MUTAGENIC AGENT; TRANSFER RNA;

DATA BASE; DNA SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HUMAN; MAMMAL CELL; MARKER GENE; MUTAGENESIS; MUTATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SHUTTLE VECTOR; SUPPRESSOR GENE; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

ESCHERICHIA COLI;

EID: 0034732994     PISSN: 00275107     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00016-6     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Sarkar S., Dasgupta U.B., Summers W.C. Error-prone mutagenesis detected in mammalian cells by a shuttle vector containing the supF gene of Escherichia coli. Mol. Cell Biol. 4:1984;2227-2230.
2. Seidman M.M., Dixon K., Razzaque A., Zagursky R.J., Berman M.L. A shuttle vector plasmid for studying carcinogen-induced point mutations in mammalian cells. Gene. 38:1985;233-237.
3. Razzaque A., Mizusawa H., Seidman M.M. Rearrangement and mutagenesis of a shuttle vector plasmid after passage in mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 80:1983;3010-3014.
4. Calos M.P., Lebkowski J.S., Botchan M.R. High mutation frequency in DNA transfected into mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 80:1983;3015-3019.
5. Razzaque A., Chakrabarti S., Joffee S., Seidman M. Mutagenesis of a shuttle vector plasmid in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 4:1984;435-441.
6. Zernik-Kobak M., Szumiel I., Levine A.S., Dixon K. Analysis of mutagenesis in UV-sensitive mouse lymphoma L5178Y-R cells with a polyomavirus-based shuttle vector. Mutat. Res. 344:1995;31-39.
7. Moriwaki S., Yagi T., Nishigori C., Imamura S., Takebe H. Analysis of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutations in a shuttle vector plasmid propagated in mouse O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-deficient cells in comparison with proficient cells. Cancer Res. 51:1991;6219-6223.
8. Rodriguez H., Snow E.T., Bhat U., Loechler E.L. An Escherichia coli plasmid-based, mutational system in which supF mutants are selectable: insertion elements dominate the spontaneous spectra. Mutat. Res. 270:1992;219-231.
9. Zhao Y., Goriparthi L., Lieberman H.B. A new shuttle vector system for the identification of spontaneous and radiation-induced mutations in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mutat. Res. 311:1994;111-123.
10. Yuan J., Yeasky T.M., Rhee M.C., Glazer P.M. Frequent T:A→G:C transversions in X-irradiated mouse cells. Carcinogenesis. 16:1995;83-88.
11. Leach E.G., Narayanan L., Havre P.A., Gunther E.J., Yeasky T.M., Glazer P.M. Tissue specificity of spontaneous point mutations in lambda supF transgenic mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 28:1996;459-464.
12. Yuan J., Yeasky T.M., Havre P.A., Glazer P.M. Induction of p53 in mouse cells decreases mutagenesis by UV radiation. Carcinogenesis. 16:1995;2295-2300.
13. Hwang C.B., Shillitoe E.J. Analysis of complex mutations induced in cells by herpes simplex virus type-1. Virology. 181:1991;620-629.
14. Hwang C.B., Shillitoe E.J. DNA sequence of mutations induced in cells by herpes simplex virus type-1. Virology. 178:1990;180-188.
15. Hwang Y.T., Liu B.Y., Hong C.Y., Shillitoe E.J., Hwang C.B. Effects of exonuclease activity and nucleotide selectivity of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase on the fidelity of DNA replication in vivo. J. Virol. 73:1999;5326-5332.
16. Tzung T.Y., Runger T.M. Reduced joining of DNA double strand breaks with an abnormal mutation spectrum in rodent mutants of DNA-PKcs and Ku80. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 73:1998;469-474.
17. Mallya S.M., Sikpi M.O. Requirement for p53 in ionizing radiation-inhibition of double-strand-break rejoining by human lymphoblasts. Mutat. Res. 434:1999;119-132.
18. Dixon K., Roilides E., Hauser J., Levine A.S. Studies on direct and indirect effects of DNA damage on mutagenesis in monkey cells using an SV40-based shuttle vector. Mutat. Res. 220:1989;73-82.
19. Zhang X., Yu Y., Chen X. The use of a shuttle plasmid to study nontargeted mutagenesis and its sequence specificity. Chin. Med. Sci. J. 10:1995;20-24.
20. Mallya S.M., Sikpi M.O. Evidence of the involvement of p53 in gamma-radiation-induced DNA repair in human lymphoblasts. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 74:1998;231-238.
21. Courtemanche C., Anderson A. The p53 tumor suppressor protein reduces point mutation frequency of a shuttle vector modified by the chemical mutagens (±)7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin B1 and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. Oncogene. 18:1999;4672-4680.
22. Liu P.K., Kraus E., Wu T.A., Strong L.C., Tainsky M.A. Analysis of genomic instability in Li-Fraumeni fibroblasts with germline p53 mutations. Oncogene. 12:1996;2267-2278.
23. Chan P.P., Lin M., Faruqi A.F., Powell J., Seidman M.M., Glazer P.M. Targeted correction of an episomal gene in mammalian cells by a short DNA fragment tethered to a triplex-forming oligonucleotide. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;11541-11548.
24. Lacroix L., Lacoste J., Reddoch J.F., Mergny J.L., Levy D.D., Seidman M.M., Matteucci M.D., Glazer P.M. Triplex formation by oligonucleotides containing 5-(1-propynyl)-2′-deoxyuridine: decreased magnesium dependence and improved intracellular gene targeting. Biochemistry. 38:1999;1893-1901.
25. Faruqi A.F., Krawczyk S.H., Matteucci M.D., Glazer P.M. Potassium-resistant triple helix formation and improved intracellular gene targeting by oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing 7-deazaxanthine. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1997;633-640.
26. Faruqi A.F., Seidman M.M., Segal D.J., Carroll D., Glazer P.M. Recombination induced by triple-helix-targeted DNA damage in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 16:1996;6820-6828.
27. Raha M., Wang G., Seidman M.M., Glazer P.M. Mutagenesis by third-strand-directed psoralen adducts in repair-deficient human cells: high frequency and altered spectrum in a xeroderma pigmentosum variant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 93:1996;2941-2946.
28. Gunther E.J., Havre P.A., Gasparro F.P., Glazer P.M. Triplex-mediated, in vitro targeting of psoralen photoadducts within the genome of a transgenic mouse. Photochem. Photobiol. 63:1996;207-212.
29. Wang G., Levy D.D., Seidman M.M., Glazer P.M. Targeted mutagenesis in mammalian cells mediated by intracellular triple helix formation. Mol. Cell Biol. 15:1995;1759-1768.
30. Majumdar A., Khorlin A., Dyatkina N., Lin F.L., Powell J., Liu J., Fei Z., Khripine Y., Watanabe K.A., George J., Glazer P.M., Seidman M.M. Targeted gene knockout mediated by triple helix forming oligonucleotides. Nat. Genet. 20:1998;212-214.
31. Kraemer K.H., Seidman M.M. Use of supF, an Escherichia coli tyrosine suppressor tRNA gene, as a mutagenic target in shuttle-vector plasmids. Mutat. Res. 220:1989;61-72.
32. Rodriguez H., Loechler E.L. Mutational specificity of the (+)-anti-diol epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene in a supF gene of an Escherichia coli plasmid: DNA sequence context influences hotspots, mutagenic specificity and the extent of SOS enhancement of mutagenesis. Carcinogenesis. 14:1993;373-383.
33. Page J.E., Szeliga J., Amin S., Hecht S.S., Dipple A. Mutational spectra for 5,6-dimethylchrysene 1,2-dihydrodiol 3,4-epoxides in the supF gene of pSP189. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8:1995;143-147.
34. Roilides E., Gielen J.E., Tuteja N., Levine A.S., Dixon K. Mutational specificity of benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide in monkey cells. Mutat. Res. 198:1988;199-206.
35. Joseph P., Klein-Szanto A.J., Jaiswal A.K. Hydroquinones cause specific mutations and lead to cellular transformation and in vivo tumorigenesis. Br. J. Cancer. 78:1998;312-320.
36. Inga A., Iannone R., Campomenosi P., Molina F., Menichini P., Abbondandolo A., Fronza G. Mutational fingerprint induced by the antineoplastic drug chloroethyl-cyclohexyl-nitrosourea in mammalian cells. Cancer Res. 55:1995;4658-4663.
37. Luque-Romero F.L., Iannone R., Inga A., Fronza G., Pueyo C. Mutational specificity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea in Escherichia coli: comparison of in vivo with in vitro exposure of the supF gene. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 30:1997;65-71.
38. Matsuda T., Kawanishi M., Yagi T., Matsui S., Takebe H. Specific tandem GG to TT base substitutions induced by acetaldehyde are due to intra-strand crosslinks between adjacent guanine bases. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:1998;1769-1774.
39. Kawanishi M., Matsuda T., Sasaki G., Yagi T., Matsui S., Takebe H. A spectrum of mutations induced by crotonaldehyde in shuttle vector plasmids propagated in human cells. Carcinogenesis. 19:1998;69-72.
40. Sage E., Bredberg A. Damage distribution and mutation spectrum: the case of 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA in mammalian cells. Mutat. Res. 263:1991;217-222.
41. Srikanth N.S., Mudipalli A., Maccubbin A.E., Gurtoo H.L. Mutations in a shuttle vector exposed to activated mitomycin C. Mol. Carcinog. 10:1994;23-29.
42. Kelman D.J., Christodoulou D., Wink D.A., Keefer L.K., Srinivasan A., Dipple A. Relative mutagenicities of gaseous nitrogen oxides in the supF gene of pSP189. Carcinogenesis. 18:1997;1045-1048.
43. Akman S.A., Forrest G.P., Doroshow J.H., Dizdaroglu M. Mutation of potassium permanga. Mutat. Res. 261:1991;123-130.
44. Akman S.A., Sander F., Garbutt K. In vivo mutagenesis of the reporter plasmid pSP189 induced by exposure of host Ad293 cells to activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Carcinogenesis. 17:1996;2137-2141.
45. Jeong J.K., Wogan G.N., Lau S.S., Monks T.J. Quinol-glutathione conjugate-induced mutation spectra in the supF gene replicated in human AD293 cells and bacterial MBL50 cells. Cancer Res. 59:1999;3641-3645. [In Process Citation].
46. Jeong J.K., Juedes M.J., Wogan G.N. Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen: relevance to peroxynitrite mutagenesis. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11:1998;550-556.
47. Burcham P.C., Harkin L.A. Mutations at G:C base pairs predominate after replication of peroxyl radical-damaged pSP189 plasmids in human cells. Mutagenesis. 14:1999;135-140. [In Process Citation].
48. Czerny C., Eder E., Runger T.M. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound crotonaldehyde (butenal) on a plasmid shuttle vector. Mutat. Res. 407:1998;125-134.
49. Nakayama A., Kawanishi M., Takebe H., Morisawa S., Yagi T. Molecular analysis of mutations induced by a benzene metabolite, p-benzoquinone, in mouse cells using a novel shuttle vector plasmid. Mutat. Res. 444:1999;123-131.
50. Liu S., Medvedovic M., Dixon K. Mutational specificity in a shuttle vector replicating in chromium(VI)-treated mammalian cells. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 33:1999;313-319.
51. Ogawa H.I., Ohyama Y., Ohsumi Y., Kakimoto K., Kato Y., Shirai Y., Nunoshiba T., Yamamoto K. Cobaltous chloride-induced mutagenesis in the supF tRNA gene of Escherichia coli. Mutagenesis. 14:1999;249-253.
52. Mudipalli A., Nadadur S.S., Maccubbin A.E., Gurtoo H.L. Mutations induced by dacarbazine activated with cytochrome P-450. Mutat. Res. 327:1995;113-120.
53. Bubley G.J., Ashburner B.P., Teicher B.A. Spectrum of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-induced mutations in a shuttle vector propagated in human cells. Mol. Carcinog. 4:1991;397-406.
54. Benzer S. On the topography of the genetic fine structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 47:1961;403-416.
55. Miller J.H. Carcinogens induce targeted mutations in Escherichia coli. Cell. 31:1982;5-7.
56. Brash D.E., Haseltine W.A. UV-induced mutation hotspots occur at DNA damage hotspots. Nature. 298:1982;189-192.
57. Sage E. Distribution and repair of photolesions in DNA: genetic consequences and the role of sequence context. Photochem. Photobiol. 57:1993;163-174.
58. Pfeifer G.P. Formation and processing of UV photoproducts: effects of DNA sequence and chromatin environment. Photochem. Photobiol. 65:1997;270-283.
59. Tornaletti S., Pfeifer G.P. Slow repair of pyrimidine dimers at p53 mutation hotspots in skin cancer. Science. 263:1994;1436-1438. [see comments].
60. Fuchs R.P. DNA binding spectrum of the carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene significantly differs from the mutation spectrum. J. Mol. Biol. 177:1984;173-180.
61. Brash D.E., Seetharam S., Kraemer K.H., Seidman M.M., Bredberg A. Photoproduct frequency is not the major determinant of UV base substitution hot spots or cold spots in human cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 84:1987;3782-3786.
62. Levy D.D., Groopman J.D., Lim S.E., Seidman M.M., Kraemer K.H. Sequence specificity of aflatoxin B1-induced mutations in a plasmid replicated in xeroderma pigmentosum and DNA repair proficient human cells. Cancer Res. 52:1992;5668-5673.
63. Endo H., Schut H.A., Snyderwine E.G. Distribution of the DNA adducts of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in the supF gene as determined by polymerase arrest assay. Mol. Carcinog. 14:1995;198-204.
64. Page J.E., Ross H.L., Bigger C.A., Dipple A. Mutagenic specificities and adduct distributions for 7-bromomethylbenz[a]anthracenes. Carcinogenesis. 17:1996;283-288.
65. Kawanishi M., Enya T., Suzuki H., Takebe H., Matsui S., Yagi T. Mutagenic specificity of a derivative of 3-nitrobenzanthrone in the supF shuttle vector plasmids. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11:1998;1468-1473.
66. Streisinger G., Okada Y., Emrich J., Newton J., Tsugita A., Terzaghi E., Inouye M. Frameshift mutations and the genetic code. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 31:1966;77-84. This paper is dedicated to Professor Theodosius Dobzhansky on the occasion of his 66th birthday.
67. Kunkel T.A., Soni A. Mutagenesis by transient misalignment. J. Biol. Chem. 263:1988;14784-14789.
68. Rosche W.A., Ripley L.S., Sinden R.R. Primer-template misalignments during leading strand DNA synthesis account for the most frequent spontaneous mutations in a quasipalindromic region in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 284:1998;633-646.
69. Ripley L.S. Predictability of mutant sequences. Relationships between mutational mechanisms and mutant specificity. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 870:1999;159-172. [In Process Citation].
70. Singer B., Essigmann J.M. Site-specific mutagenesis: retrospective and prospective. Carcinogenesis. 12:1991;949-955.
71. Le Page F., Guy A., Cadet J., Sarasin A., Gentil A. Repair and mutagenic potency of 8-oxoG:A and 8-oxoG:C base pairs in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:1998;1276-1281.
72. Gentil A., Le Page F., Margot A., Lawrence C.W., Borden A., Sarasin A. Mutagenicity of a unique thymine-thymine dimer or thymine-thymine pyrimidine pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1996;1837-1840.
73. Shukla R., Geacintov N.E., Loechler E.L. The major, N2-dG adduct of (+)-anti-B[a]PDE induces G→A mutations in a 5′-AGA-3′ sequence context. Carcinogenesis. 20:1999;261-268.
74. Shukla R., Liu T., Geacintov N.E., Loechler E.L. The major, N2-dG adduct of (+)-anti-B[a]PDE shows a dramatically different mutagenic specificity (predominantly G→A) in a 5′-CGT-3′ sequence context. Biochemistry. 36:1997;10256-10261.
75. Kraemer K.H., Levy D.D., Parris C.N., Gozukara E.M., Moriwaki S., Adelberg S., Seidman M.M. Xeroderma pigmentosum and related disorders: examining the linkage between defective DNA repair and cancer. J. Invest. Dermatol. 103:1994;96S-101S.
76. Hauser J., Seidman M.M., Sidur K., Dixon K. Sequence specificity of point mutations induced during passage of a UV-irradiated shuttle vector plasmid in monkey cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 6:1986;277-285.
77. Bredberg A., Kraemer K.H., Seidman M.M. Restricted ultraviolet mutational spectrum in a shuttle vector propagated in xeroderma pigmentosum cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 83:1986;8273-8277.
78. Seetharam S., Kraemer K.H., Waters H.L., Seidman M.M. Ultraviolet mutational spectrum in a shuttle vector propagated in xeroderma pigmentosum lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts. Mutat. Res. 254:1991;97-105.
79. Seetharam S., Kraemer K.H., Waters H.L., Seidman M.M. Mutational hotspot variability in an ultraviolet-treated shuttle vector plasmid propagated in xeroderma pigmentosum and normal human lymphoblasts and fibroblasts. J. Mol. Biol. 212:1990;433-436.
80. Ishizaki K., Nishizawa K., Mimaki S., Aizawa S. UV-induced mutations of supF gene on a shuttle vector plasmid in p53-deficient mouse cells are qualitatively different from those in wild-type cells. Mutat. Res. 364:1996;43-49.
81. Myrand S.P., Topping R.S., States J.C. Stable transformation of xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells with an XPA minigene restores normal DNA repair and mutagenesis of UV-treated plasmids. Carcinogenesis. 17:1996;1909-1917.
82. Yagi T., Sato M., Nishigori C., Takebe H. Similarity in the molecular profile of mutations induced by UV light in shuttle vector plasmids propagated in mouse and human cells. Mutagenesis. 9:1994;73-77.
83. Yagi T., Sato M., Tatsumi-Miyajima J., Takebe H. UV-induced base substitution mutations in a shuttle vector plasmid propagated in group C xeroderma pigmentosum cells. Mutat. Res. 273:1992;213-220.
84. Yagi T., Tatsumi-Miyajima J., Sato M., Kraemer K.H., Takebe H. Analysis of point mutations in an ultraviolet-irradiated shuttle vector plasmid propagated in cells from Japanese xeroderma pigmentosum patients in complementation groups A and F. Cancer Res. 51:1991;3177-3182.
85. Carty M.P., el Saleh S., Zernikkobak M., Dixon K. Analysis of mutations induced by replication of UV-damaged plasmid DNA in HeLa cell extracts. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 26:1995;139-146.
86. Carty M.P., Hauser J., Levine A.S., Dixon K. Replication and mutagenesis of UV-damaged DNA templates in human and monkey cell extracts. Mol. Cell Biol. 13:1993;533-542.
87. Parris C.N., Levy D.D., Jessee J., Seidman M.M. Proximal and distal effects of sequence context on ultraviolet mutational hotspots in a shuttle vector replicated in xeroderma cells. J. Mol. Biol. 236:1994;491-502.
88. Normanly J., Kleina L.G., Masson J.M., Abelson J., Miller J.H. Construction of Escherichia coli amber suppressor tRNA genes: III. Determination of tRNA specificity. J. Mol. Biol. 213:1990;719-726.
89. Celis J.E., Piper P.W. Compilation of mutant suppressor tRNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 10:1982;r83-r91.
90. Dock-Bregeon A.C., Westhof E., Giege R., Moras D. Solution structure of a tRNA with a large variable region: yeast tRNASer. J. Mol. Biol. 206:1989;707-722.
91. Bedouelle H. Recognition of tRNA(Tyr) by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. Biochimie. 72:1990;589-598.
92. Smith J.D., Barnett L., Brenner S., Russell R.L. More mutant tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acids. J. Mol. Biol. 54:1970;1-14.
93. Kirsebom L.A., Svard S.G. The kinetics and specificity of cleavage by RNase P is mainly dependent on the structure of the amino acid acceptor stem. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:1992;425-432.
94. Svard S.G., Kirsebom L.A. Several regions of a tRNA precursor determine the Escherichia coli RNase P cleavage site. J. Mol. Biol. 227:1992;1019-1031.
95. Levy D.D., Magee A.D., Seidman M.M. Single nucleotide positions have proximal and distal influence on UV mutation hotspots and coldspots. J. Mol. Biol. 258:1996;251-260.
96. Levy D.D., Magee A.D., Namiki C., Seidman M.M. The influence of single base changes on UV mutational activity at two translocated hotspots. J. Mol. Biol. 255:1996;435-445.
97. Courtemanche C., Anderson A. Shuttle-vector mutagenesis by aflatoxin B1 in human cells: effects of sequence context on the supF mutational spectrum. Mutat. Res. 306:1994;143-151.
98. Seetharam S., Seidman M.M. Modulation of an ultraviolet mutational hotspot in a shuttle vector Xeroderma cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:1991;1601-1604.
99. Hera C., Madzak C., Sarasin A. Use of an infectious Simian virus 40-based shuttle vector to analyse UV-induced mutagenesis in monkey cells. Mutat. Res. 364:1996;235-243.
100. Seetharam S., Seidman M.M. Modulation of ultraviolet light mutational hotspots by cellular stress. J. Mol. Biol. 228:1992;1031-1036.
101. Seetharam S., Protic-Sabljic M., Seidman M.M., Kraemer K.H. Abnormal ultraviolet mutagenic spectrum in plasmid DNA replicated in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with the skin cancer-prone disease, xeroderma pigmentosum. J. Clin. Invest. 80:1987;1613-1617.
102. Waters H.L., Seetharam S., Seidman M.M., Kraemer K.H. Ultraviolet hypermutability of a shuttle vector propagated in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells. J. Invest Dermatol. 101:1993;744-748.
103. Wang Y.C., Maher V.M., McCormick J.J. Xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells are less likely than normal cells to incorporate dAMP opposite photoproducts during replication of UV-irradiated plasmids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 88:1991;7810-7814.
104. Juedes M.J., Wogan G.N. Peroxynitrite-induced mutation spectra of pSP189 following replication in bacteria and in human cells. Mutat. Res. 349:1996;51-61.
105. Torpey L.E., Gibbs P.E., Nelson J., Lawrence C.W. Cloning and sequence of REV7, a gene whose function is required for DNA damage-induced mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast. 10:1994;1503-1509.
106. Morrison A., Christensen R.B., Alley J., Beck A.K., Bernstine E.G., Lemontt J.F., Lawrence C.W. REV3, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene whose function is required for induced mutagenesis, is predicted to encode a nonessential DNA polymerase. J. Bacteriol. 171:1989;5659-5667.
107. Nelson J.R., Lawrence C.W., Hinkle D.C. Thymine-thymine dimer bypass by yeast DNA polymerase zeta. Science. 272:1996;1646-1649.
108. Gibbs P.E., McGregor W.G., Maher V.M., Nisson P., Lawrence C.W. A human homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae REV3 gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase zeta. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 95:1998;6876-6880.
109. Johnson R.E., Prakash S., Prakash L. Efficient bypass of a thymine-thymine dimer by yeast DNA polymerase, poleta. Science. 283:1999;1001-1004.
110. Johnson R.E., Kondratick C.M., Prakash S., Prakash L. hRAD30 Mutations in the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum. Science. 285:1999;263-265. [see comments].
111. Masutani C., Araki M., Yamada A., Kusumoto R., Nogimori T., Maekawa T., Iwai S., Hanaoka F. Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) correcting protein from HeLa cells has a thymine dimer bypass DNA polymerase activity. EMBO J. 18:1999;3491-3501.
112. Masutani C., Kusumoto R., Yamada A., Dohmae N., Yokoi M., Yuasa M., Araki M., Iwai S., Takio K., Hanaoka F. The XPV (xeroderma pigmentosum variant) gene encodes human DNA polymerase eta. Nature. 399:1999;700-704. [see comments].
113. Carty M.P., Lawrence C.W., Dixon K. Complete replication of plasmid DNA containing a single UV-induced lesion in human cell extracts. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;9637-9647.
114. Cordonnier A.M., Lehmann A.R., Fuchs R.P. Impaired translesion synthesis in xeroderma pigmentosum variant extracts. Mol. Cell Biol. 19:1999;2206-2211.
115. McDonald J.P., Rapic-Otrin V., Epstein J.A., Broughton B.C., Wang X., Lehmann A.R., Wolgemuth D.J., Woodgate R. Novel human and mouse homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase eta. Genomics. 60:1999;20-30. [In Process Citation].
116. Woodgate R. A plethora of lesion-replicating DNA polymerases. Genes Dev. 13:1999;2191-2195.
117. Wagner J., Gruz P., Kim S.R., Yamada M., Matsui K., Fuchs R.P., Nohmi T. The dinB gene encodes a novel E. coli DNA polymerase, DNA pol IV, involved in mutagenesis. Mol. Cell. 4:1999;281-286. [In Process Citation].
118. Friedberg E.C., Gerlach V.L. Novel DNA polymerases offer clues to the molecular basis of mutagenesis. Cell. 98:1999;413-416. [In Process Citation].
119. Wood R.D. DNA repair. Variants on a theme. Nature. 399:1999;639-640. [news; comment].
120. Tu Y., Dammann R., Pfeifer G.P. Sequence and time-dependent deamination of cytosine bases in UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in vivo. J. Mol. Biol. 284:1998;297-311.
121. Setlow R.B., Carrier W.L., Bollum F.J. Pyrimidine dimers in UV-irradiated poly dI:dC. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 53:1965;1111-1118.
122. Lemaire D.G., Ruzsicska B.P. Kinetic analysis of the deamination reactions of cyclobutane dimers of thymidylyl-3′,5′-2′-deoxycytidine and 2′-deoxycytidylyl-3′,5′-thymidine. Biochemistry. 32:1993;2525-2533.
123. Ruiz-Rubio M., Bockrath R. On the possible role of cytosine deamination in delayed photoreversal mutagenesis targeted at thymine-cytosine dimers in E. coli. Mutat. Res. 210:1989;93-102.
124. Tessman I., Liu S.K., Kennedy M.A. Mechanism of SOS mutagenesis of UV-irradiated DNA: mostly error-free processing of deaminated cytosine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 89:1992;1159-1163.
125. Gibbs P.E., Lawrence C.W. U-U and T-T cyclobutane dimers have different mutational properties. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:1993;4059-4065.
126. Jiang N., Taylor J.S. In vivo evidence that UV-induced C→T mutations at dipyrimidine sites could result from the replicative bypass of cis-syn cyclobutane dimers or their deamination products. Biochemistry. 32:1993;472-481.
127. Wang Y.C., Maher V.M., Mitchell D.L., McCormick J.J. Evidence from mutation spectra that the UV hypermutability of xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells reflects abnormal, error-prone replication on a template containing photoproducts. Mol. Cell Biol. 13:1993;4276-4283.