Fetal tissue transplants in animal models of Huntington's disease: The effects on damaged neuronal circuitry and behavioral deficits

Progress in Neurobiology

Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 313-338

  Nakao, Naoyuki ^a   Itakura, Toru ^a  

^a WAKAYAMA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

DARPP 32; Neural circuitry; Neural transplantation; Striatum

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL TISSUE; BASAL GANGLION; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; EMBRYO; ENTOPEDUNCULAR NUCLEUS; FETAL TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; NEOCORTEX; NERVE DEGENERATION; NERVE GRAFT; NERVE INJURY; NIGRONEOSTRIATAL SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW; STRIATE CORTEX; THALAMUS;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; FETAL TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; NEOSTRIATUM; NEURAL PATHWAYS; NEURONS;

EID: 0034015127     PISSN: 03010082     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00058-1     Document Type: Review

References (204)

1. Albin R.L., Young A.B., Penny J.B. The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends Neurosci. 12:1989;366-375.
2. 14C ]deoxyglucose labeling in optic tectum of the rattlesnake. J. Neurophysiol. 49:1983;1504-1516.
3. Beal M.F., Kowall N.W., Ellison D.W., Mazurek M.F., Swartz K.J., Martin J.B. Replication of the neurochemical characteristics of Huntington's disease by quinolinic acid. Nature. 321:1986;168-171.
4. Beal M.F., Kowall N.W., Swartz K.J., Ferrante R.J., Martin J.B. Differential sparing of somatostatin-neuropeptide Y and cholinergic neurons following striatal excitotoxin lesions. Synapse. 3:1989;38-47.
5. Beal M.F., Matson W.R., Swartz K., Gamache P.H., Bird E.D. Kynurenine pathway measurements in Huntington's disease striatum: evidence for reduced formation of kynurenic acid. J. Neurochem. 55:1990;1327-1339.
6. Beal M.F., Ferrante R.J., Swartz K.J., Kowall N.W. Chronic quinolinic acid lesions in rats closely resemble Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 11:1991;1649-1659.
7. Beal M.F., Hyman B.T., Koroshetz W. Do defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci. 16:1993;125-131.
8. Beal M.F., Brouillet E., Jenkins B.G., Ferrante R.J., Kowall N.W., Miller J.M., Storey E., Srivastava R., Rosen B.R., Hyman B.T. Neurochemical and histologic characterization of striatal excitotoxic lesions produced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid. J. Neurosci. 13:1993;4148-4192.
9. Bazzet T.J., Becker J.B., Kaatz K.W., Albin R.L. Chronic intrastriatal dialytic administration of quinolinic acid produces selective neural degeneration. Exp. Neurol. 120:1993;177-185.
10. Beckstead R.M., Kersey K.S. Immunohistochemical demonstration of differential substance P-, Met-enkephalin-, and glutamic acid decarboxylase-containing cell and axon distributions in the corpus striatum of the cat. J. Com. Neurol. 232:1985;481-498.
11. Bergstrom D.A., Bromley S.D., Walters J.R. Apomorphine increases the activity of rat globus pallidus neurons. Brain Res. 238:1982;266-271.
12. Bergstrom D.A., Bromley S.D., Walters J.R. Dopamine agonists increase pallidal unit activity: attenuation by agonist pretreatment and anesthesia. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 100:1984;3-12.
13. Bird E.D. Chemical pathology of Huntington's disease. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 20:1980;533-551.
14. Björklund A., Stenevi U. Growth of central catecholaminergic neurons into smooth muscle grafts in the rat mesencephalon. Brain Res. 31:1971;1-20.
15. Björklund A., Katzman R., Stenevi U., West K.A. Development and growth of axonal sprouts from noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons in the rat spinal cord. Brain Res. 31:1971;21-33.
16. Björklund A., Senevi U., Svendgaard N.-A. Growth of transplanted monoaminergic neurons into the adult hippocampus along the perforant path. Nature. 262:1976;787-790.
17. Björklund A., Stenevi U. Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal pathway by intracerebral nigral transplants. Brain Res. 177:1979;555-560.
18. Björklund A., Dunnett S.B., Stenevi U., Lewis M.E., Iversen S.D. Reinnervation of the denervated striatum by substantia nigra transplants: functional consequences as revealed by pharmacological and sensorimotor testing. Brain Res. 199:1980;307-333.
19. Bolam J.P. Synapses of identified neurons in the neostriatum. Evered D., O'Connor M. Functions of the Basal Ganglia: Chiba Foundation Symposium. 1984;30-47 Pitman, London.
20. Bregman B., Reier P.J. Neural tissue transplants rescue axotomized rubrospinal cells from retrograde death. J. Comp. Neurol. 244:1986;86-95.
21. Brouillet E., Hantraye P., Ferrante R.J., Dolan R., Leroy-Willig A., Kowall N.W., Beal M.F. Chronic mitochondrial energy impairment produces selective striatal degeneration and abnormal choreiform movements in primates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;7105-7109.
22. Brundin P., Barbin G., Strecker R.E., Isacson O., Prochiantz A., Björklund A. Survival and function of dissociated dopamine neurones grafted at different developmental stages or after being cultured in vitro. Dev. Brain Res. 39:1988;233-243.
23. Brundin P., Nilsson O.G., Strecker R.E., Lindvall O., Åstedt B., Björklund A. Behavioural effects of human fetal dopamine neurons grafted in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp. Brain Res. 65:1986;235-240.
24. Brundin P., Strecker R.E., Widner H., Clarke D.J., Nilsson O.G., Åstedt B., Lindvall O., Björklund A. Human fetal dopmaine neurons grafted in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp. Brain Res. 70:1988;192-208.
25. Brundin P., Duan W.-M., Sauer H. Functional effects of mesencephalic dopamine neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells grafted to the rodent striatum. Dunnett S.B., Björklund A. Functional Neural Transplantation. 1994;157-195 Raven Press, New York.
26. Boegman R.J., Smith Y., Parent A. Quinolinic acid does not spare striatal neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons. Brain Res. 415:1987;178-182.
27. Boegman R.J., Parent A. Differential sensitivity of neuropeptide Y, somatostatin and NADPH-diaphorase containing neurons in rat cortex and striatum to quinolinic acid. Brain Res. 445:1988;358-362.
28. Campbell K., Wictorin K., Björklund A. Differential regulation of neuropeptide mRNA expression in intrastriatal striatal transplants by host dopaminergic afferents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:1992;10489-10493.
29. Campbell K., Kalén P., Lundberg C., Wictorin K., Rosengren E., Björklund A. Extracellular γ-aminobutyric acid levels in the rat caudate-putamen; monitoring the neuronal and glial contribution by intracerebral microdialysis. Brain Res. 614:1993;241-250.
30. Campbell K., Kalén P., Wictorin K., Lundberg C., Mandel R.J., Björklund A. Characterization of GABA release from intrastriatal striatal transplants: dependence on host-derived afferents. Neuroscience. 53:1993;403-415.
31. Campbell K., Wictorin K., Björklund A. Neurotransmitter-related gene expression in intrastriatal striatal transplants. Part I: Phenotypical characterization of striatal and non-striatal graft regions. Neuroscience. 64:1995;17-33.
32. Centi M.A., Kalén P., Mandel R.J., Wictorin K., Björklund A. Dopaminergic transplants normalize amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced Fos expression in the 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned striatum. Neuroscience. 46:1992;943-957.
33. Clarke D.J., Dunnett S.B., Isacson O., Sirinathsinghji D.J.S., Björklund A. Striatal grafts in rats with unilateral neostriatal lesions. Part I: Ultrastructural evidence of afferent synaptic inputs from the host nigrostriatal pathway. Neuroscience. 24:1988;791-801.
34. Clarke D.J., Dunnett S.B. Synaptic relationships between cortical and dopaminergic inputs and intrinsic GABAergic systems within intrastriatal striatal grafts. J. Chem. Neurosnat. 6:1993;147-158.
35. Coyle J.T., Schwarcz R. Lesion of striatal neurones with kainic acid provides a model for Huntington's chorea. Nature. 263:1976;244-246.
36. Davies S.W., Roberts P.J. No evidence for preservation of somatostatin-containing neurons after intrastriatal injections of quinolinic acid. Nature. 327:1987;326-329.
37. Deacon T.W., Pakzaban P., Isacson O. The lateral ganglionic eminence is the origin of cells committed to striatal phenotypes: neural transplantation and developmental evidence. Brain Res. 668:1994;211-219.
38. Deckel A.W., Robinson R.G., Coyle J.T., Sanberg P.R. Reversal of long-term locomotor abnormalities in the kainic acid model of Huntington's disease by 18 fetal striatal implants. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 93:1983;287-288.
39. Deckel A.W., Moran T.H., Coyle J.T., Sanberg P.R., Robinson R.G. Anatomical predictors of behavioral recovery following striatal transplants. Brain Res. 365:1986;249-258.
40. Deckel A.W., Moran T.H., Robinson R.G. Behavioral recovery following kainic acid lesions and fetal implants of the striatum occurs independent of dopaminergic mechanisms. Brain Res. 363:1986;383-385.
41. Deckel A.W., Moran T.H., Robinson R.G. Receptor characteristics and recovery of function following kainic acid lesions and fetal transplants of the striatum: Part I. Cholinergic systems. Brain Res. 363:1988;383-385.
42. Deckel A.W., Moran T.H., Robinson R.G. Receptor characteristics and recovery of function following kainic acid lesions and fetal transplants of the striatum: Part II. Dopaminergic systems. Brain Res. 363:1988;383-385.
43. DeLong M.R. Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. Trends Neurosci. 13:1990;281-285.
44. Diamond A., Zola-Morgan S., Squire L.R. Successful performance by monkeys with lesions of the hippocampal formation on AB- and object retrieval, two tasks that mark development changes in human infants. Behav. Neurosci. 103:1989;526-537.
45. DiFiglia M., Schiff L., Deckel A.W. Neuronal organization of fetal striatal grafts in kainate- and sham-lesioned rat caudate nucleus: light- and electron-microscopic observations. J. Neurosci. 8:1988;1112-1130.
46. Dragunow M., Faull R. The use of c-fos as a metabolic marker in neuronal pathway tracing. J. Neurosci. Methods. 29:1989;261-265.
47. Duyao M.P., Auerbach A.B., Ryan A., Persichetti F., Barnes G.T., McNeil S.M., Ge P., Vonsattel J.P., Gusella J.F., Joyner A.L., MacDonald M.E. Inactivation of the mouse Huntington's disease gene homolog Hdh. Science. 269:1995;407-410.
48. Dube L., Smith A.D., Bolam L.P. Identification of synaptic terminals of thalamic or cortical origin in contact with distinct medium-sized spiny neurons in the rat neostriatum. J. Com. Neurol. 257:1988;455-471.
49. Dunnett S.B., Iversen S.D. Spontaneous and drug-induced rotation following localized 6-hydroxydopamine and kainic acid-induced lesions of the neostriatum. Neuropharmacology. 21:1982;899-908.
50. Dunnett S.B., Whishaw I.Q., Rogers D.C., Jones G.H. Dopamine-rich grafts ameliorate whole body motor asymmetry and sensory neglect but not independent skilled limb use in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Brain Res. 415:1987;53-78.
51. Dunnett S.B., Isacson O., Sirinathsinghji D.J.S., Clarl D.J., Björklund A. Striatal grafts in rats with unilateral neostriatal lesions. Part III: Recovery from dopamine-dependent motor asymmetry and deficits in skilled paw reaching. Neuroscience. 24:1988;813-820.
52. Dunnett S.B., Björklund A. Mechanisms of function of neural grafts in the injured brain. Dunnett S.B., Björklund A. Functional Neural Transplantation. 1994;531-567 Raven Press, New York.
53. Dunnett S.B., Carter R.J., Watts C., Torres E.M., Mahal A., Mangiarini L., Bates G., Morton A.J. Striatal transplantation in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Exp. Neurol. 154:1998;31-40.
54. Emerich D.F., Zubricki E.M., Shipley M.T., Norman A.B., Sanberg P.R. Female rats are more sensitive to the locomotor alterations following quinolinic acid-induced striatal lesions: effects of striatal transplants. Exp. Neurol. 111:1991;369-378.
55. Emerich D.F., Sanberg P.R. Animal models of Huntington's disease. Boulton A., Baker G., Butterworth R. Neuromethods. Animal Models of Neurological Disease. vol. 2:1992;65-134 Human Press, Clifton, NJ.
56. Ferrante R.J., Kowal N.W., Beal M.F., Richardson E.P. Jr, Bird E.D., Martin J.B. Selective sparing of a class of striatal neurons in Huntington's disease. Science. 230:1985;561-563.
57. Ferrante R.J., Kowall N.W., Cipolloni P.B., Storey E., Beal M.F. Excitotoxin lesions in primates as a model for Huntington's disease: histopathologic and neurochemical characterization. Exp. Neurol. 119:1993;46-71.
58. Figueredo-Cardenas G., Anderson K.D., Chen Q., Veenman C.L., Reiner A. Relative survival of striatal projection neurons and interneurons after intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid in rats. Exp. Neurol. 129:1994;37-56.
59. Freund T.F., Powell J.F., Smith A.D. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive boutons in synaptic contact with identified striatonigral neurons, with particular reference to dendritic spines. Neuroscience. 13:1984;1189-1215.
60. Fricker R.A., Torres E.M., Lombroso P.J., Dunnett S.B. The localization of an antibody to STEP in embryonic striatal tissue grafts. NeuroReport. 5:1994;2638-2640.
61. Fricker R.A., Annett L.E., Torres E.M., Dunnett S.B. The placement of a striatal ibotenic acid lesion affects skilled forelimb use and the direction of drug-induced rotation. Brain Res. Bull. 41:1996;409-416.
62. Fricker R.A., Torres E.M., Dunnett S.B. The effects of donor stage on the survival and function of embryonic striatal grafts in the adult rat brain. Part I: Morphological characteristics. Neuroscience. 79:1997;695-710.
63. Fricker R.A., Torres E.M., Hume S.P., Myers R., Opacka-Jufferey J., Ashwor S., Brroks D.J., Dunnett S.B. The effects of donor stage on the survival and function of embryonic striatal grafts in the adult rat brain. Part II: Correlation between positron emission tomography and reaching behaviour. Neruoscience. 79:1997;711-721.
64. Frodl E.M., Duan W.-M., Sauer H., Kupsch A., Brundin P. Human embryonic dopamine neurons xenografted to the rat. effects of cryopreservation and varying regional source of donor cells on transplant survival, morphology and function. Brain Res. 647:1994;286-298.
65. Fu L., Beckstead R.M. Cortical stimulation induces fos expression in striatal neurons. Neuroscience. 46:1992;329-334.
66. Gerfen C.R., Young III W.S. Distribution of striatonigral and striatopallidal peptidergic neurons in both patch and matrix compartments: an in situ hybridization histochemistry and fluorescent retrograde tracing study. Brain Res. 460:1988;161-167.
67. Gerfen C.R. The neostriatal mosaic: multiple levels of compartmental organization. Trends Neurosci. 15:1992;133-139.
68. Giordano M., Hagenmeyer-Houser S.H., Sanberg P.R. Intraparenchymal fetal striatal transplants and recovery in kainic acid lesioned rats. Brain Res. 446:1988;183-188.
69. Giordano M., Ford L.M., Shipley M.T., Sanberg P.R. Neural grafts and pharmacological intervention in model of Huntington's disease. Brain Res. Bull. 25:1990;453-465.
70. Goldberg Y.P., Kalchman M.A., Metzler M., Nasir J., Zeisler J., Graham R., Koide K., O'Kusky J.R., Sharp A.H., Ross C.A., Jirik F., Hayden M.R. Absence of disease phenotype and intergenerational stability of the CAG repeat in transgenic mice expressing the human Huntington disease transcript. Hum. Mol. Genet. 5:1996;177-185.
71. Grabowski M., Brundin P., Johansson B.B. Paw-reaching, sensorimotor, and rotational behavior after brain infarction in rats. Stroke. 24:1993;889-895.
72. Grasbon-Frodl E.M., Nakao N., Lindvall O., Brundin P. Phentotypic development of the human embryonic striatal primordium: a study of cultured and grafted neurons from the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences. Neuroscience. 73:1996;171-183.
73. Graveland G.A., Williams R.S., DiFiglia M. Evidence for degenerative and regenerative changes in neostriatal spiny neurons in Huntington's disease. Science. 227:1985;770-773.
74. Graybiel A.M., Liu F.C., Dunnett S.B. Intrastriatal grafts derived from fetal striatal primordia. Part I: Phenotypy and modular organization. J. Neurosci. 9:1989;3250-3271.
75. Graybiel A.M., Moratalla R., Robertson H.A. Amphetamine and cocaine induce drug-specific activation of the c-fos gene in striosome-matrix compartments and limbic subdivisions of the striatum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:1990;6912-6916.
76. Gusella J.F., Wexler N.S., Conneally P.M., Naylor S.L., Anderson M.A., Tanzi R.E., Watkins P.C., Ottina K., Wallace M.R., Sakaguchi A.Y., Young A.B., Shoulson I., Bonilla E., Martin J.B. A polymorphic DNA marker generally linked to Huntington's disease. Nature. 306:1983;234-238.
77. Hantraye P., Riche D., Maziere M., Isacson O. A primate model of Huntington's disease: behavioural and anatomical studies of unilateral excitotoxic lesions of the caudate-putamen in the baboon. Exp. Neurol. 108:1990;91-104.
78. Hantraye P., Riche D., Maziere M., Isacson O. Intrastriatal transplantation of cross-species fetal striatal cells reduces abnormal movements in a primate model of Huntington's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:1992;4187-4191.
79. Harper P.S. Huntington's disease. Major Problem in Neurology. Vol 22:1991;Saunders, London.
80. Helm G.A., Palmer P.E., Bennett J.P. Jr. Fetal neostriatal transplants in the rat: a light and electron microscopic Golgi study. Neuroscience. 37:1990;735-756.
81. Helm G.A., Robertson M.W., Jallo G.I., Simons N., Bennett J.P. Development of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and associated second messenger systems in fetal striatal transplants. Exp. Neurol. 111:1991;181-189.
82. Hodgson J.G., Agopyan N., Gutekunst C.A., Levitt B.R., LePiane F., Singaraja R., Smith D.J., Bissada N., McCutcheon K., Nasir J., Jamot L., Li X.J., Stevens M.E., Rosemond E., Roder J.C., Phillips A.G., Rubin E.M., Hersch S.M., Hayden M.R. A YAC mouse model for Huntington's disease with full length mutant huntingtin, cytoplasmic toxicity, and selective striatal neurodegeneration. Neuron. 23:1999;181-192.
83. Hosokawa S., Kato M., Shima F., Tobimatsu S., Kuroiwa Y. Local cerebral glucose utilization altered in rats with unilateral electrolytic striatal lesions and modification by apomorphine. Brain Res. 324:1984;59-68.
84. Hunt S.P., Pin A., Evan G. Induction of c-Fos-like protein in the spinal cord neurons following sensory stimulation. Nature. 328:1987;632-634.
85. The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group, 1993. A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes. Cell 72, 971-983.
86. Isacson O., Brundin P., Kelly P.A.T., Gage F.H., Björklund A. Functional neuronal replacement by grafted striatal neurons in the ibotenic acid-lesioned rat striatum. Nature. 311:1984;458-460.
87. Isacson O., Brundin P., Gage F.H., Björklund A. Neural grafting in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Progressive neurochemical changes after neostriatal ibotenate lesions and striatal tissue grafting. Neuroscience. 16:1985;799-817.
88. Isacson O., Dunnett S.B., Björklund A. Graft-induced behavioral recovery in an animal model of Huntington's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;2728-2732.
89. Isacson O., Dawbarn D., Brundin P., Gage F.H., Emson P.C., Björklund A. Neural grafting in a rat model of Huntington's disease: striosomal-like organization of striatal grafts as revealed by immunocytochemistry and receptor autoradiography. Neuroscience. 22:1987;481-497.
90. Isacson O., Fisher W., Wictorin K., Dawbarn D., Björklund A. Astroglial response in the excitotoxically lesioned neostriatum and its projection areas. Neuroscience. 20:1987;1043-1056.
91. Isacson O., Riche D., Hantraye P.H., Sofroniew M.V., Maziere M. A primate model of Huntington's disease: cross-spices implantation of striatal precursor cells to the excitotoxically lesioned baboon caudate-putamen. Exp. Brain Res. 75:1989;213-220.
92. Jenkins B.G., Koroshetz W.J., Beal M.F., Rosen B.R. Evidence for impairment of energy metabolism in vivo in Huntington's disease using localized 1H NMR spectroscopy. Neurology. 43:1993;2689-2695.
93. Jentsch J.D., Redmond D.E. Jr, Elsworth J.D., Taylor J.R., Youngren K.D., Roth R.H. Enduring cognitive deficits and cortical dopamine dysfunction in monkeys after long-term administration of phencyclidine. Science. 277:1997;953-955.
94. Kageyama G.H., Wong-Riley M.T.T. Histochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase in the hippocampus: correlation with specific neuronal types and afferent pathways. Neuroscience. 7:1982;2337-2361.
95. Kanazawa I., Tanaka Y., Cho F. "Choreic" movement induced by unilateral kainate lesions of the striatum and L-DOPA administration in the monkey. Neurosci. Lett. 71:1986;241-246.
96. Kelly P.T., Graham D.J., McCulloch J. Specific alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization following striatal lesions. Brain Res. 233:1982;157-172.
97. Kelly P.T., McCulloch J. Cerebral glucose utilization following striatal lesions: the effects of the GABA agonist, muscimol, and the dopaminergic agonist, apomorphine. Brain Res. 425:1987;290-300.
98. Kendall A.I., Rayment F.D., Torres E.M., Baker H.F., Ridley R.M., Dunnett S.B. Functional integration of striatal allografts in a primate model of Huntington's disease. Nat. Med. 4:1998;727-729.
99. Krammer E.B. Anterograde and transynaptic degeneration "en cascade" in basal ganglia induced by intrastriatal injections of kainic acid: an animal analogue of Huntington's disease. Brain Res. 196:1980;209-221.
100. Klassen H., Lund R.D. Parameters of retinal graft-mediated response are related to underlying target innervation. Brain Res. 533:1990;181-191.
101. Kopyov O.V., Jacques S., Lieberman A., Duma C.M., Eagle K.S. Safety of intrastriatal neurotransplantation for Huntington's disease patients. Exp. Neurol. 149:1998;97-108.
102. Krieger D.T., Perlow M.J., Gibson M.J., Davies T.F., Zimmerman E.A., Ferin M., Charlton H.M. Brain grafts reverse hypogonadism of gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency. Nature. 298:1982;468-471.
103. Lange H., Thorner G., Hopf A., Schroder K.F. Morphometric studies of the neuropathological changes in choreatic diseases. J. Neurol. Sci. 28:1976;401-425.
104. Labandeira-Garcia J.L., Wictorin K., Cunningham E.T. Jr, Björklund A. Development intrastriatal striatal grafts and their afferent innervation from the host. Neuroscience. 42:1991;407-426.
105. Labandeira-Garcia J.L., Guerra M.J. Cortical stimulation induces fos expression in intrastriatal striatal grafts. Brain Res. 652:1994;87-97.
106. Lee C.S., Sauer H., Björklund A. Dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and motor impairments following axon terminal lesion by intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine in the rat. Neuroscience. 72:1996;641-653.
107. Levivier M., Gash D.M., Przedborski S. Time course of the neuroprotective effect of transplantation on quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the striatum. Neuroscience. 69:1995;43-50.
108. Lindefors N., Brodin E., Tossman J., Segovian J., Ungerstedt U. Tissue levels and in vitro release of tachykinin and GABA in striatum and substantia nigra of rat brain after unilateral dopamine denervation. Exp. Brain Res. 74:1989;527-534.
109. Lindvall O. Neural transplantation in Parkinson's disease. Dunnett S.B., Björklund A. Functional Neural Transplantation. 1994;103-137 Raven Press, New York.
110. Liu F.C., Graybiel A.M., Dunnett S.B., Baughman R.W. Intrastriatal grafts derived from fetal striatal primordia. Part II: Compartmental alignment of cholinergic and dopaminergic system. J. Com. Neurol. 295:1990;1-15.
111. Liu F.C., Dunnett S.B., Robertson H.A., Graybiel A.M. Intrastriatal grafts derived from fetal striatal primordia. Part III: Induction of modular patterns of Fos-like immunoreactivity by cocaine. Exp. Brain Res. 85:1991;501-506.
112. Liu F.C., Dunnett S.B., Graybiel A.M. Influence of mesostriatal afferents on the development and transmitter regulation of intrastriatal grafts derived from embryonic striatal primordia. J. Neurosci. 12:1992;4281-4297.
113. Mandel R.J., Wictorin K., Centi M.A., Biörklund A. Fos expression in intrastriatal grafts: regulation by host dopaminergic afferents. Brain Res. 583:1992;207-215.
114. Mangiarini L., Sathasivam K., Seller M., Cozens B., Harper A., Hetherington C., Lawton M., Trottier Y., Lehrach H., Davies S.W., Bates G.P. Exon 1 of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat in sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice. Cell. 87:1996;493-506.
115. Mayer E., Heavens R.P., Dunnett S.B., Sirinathsinghji D.J.S. Autoradiographic localization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in primordial striatal tissue grafts in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 109:1990;271-276.
116. Mayer E., Brown V.J., Dunnett S.B., Robbins T.W. Striatal grafts-associated recovery of a lesion-induced performance deficit in the rat requires learning to use the transplant. Eur. J. Neurosci. 4:1991;119-126.
117. McAllister J.P., Walker P.D., Zemanick M.C., Weber A.B., Kaplan L.I., Reynolds M.A. Morphology of embryonic neostriatal cell suspensions transplanted into adult neostriata. Dev. Brain Res. 23:1985;282-286.
118. McGeer E.G., McGeer P.L. Duplication of biochemical changes of Huntington's chorea by intrastriatal injection of glutamic acid and kainic acids. Nature. 263:1976;517-519.
119. Montoya C.P., Astell S., Dunnett S.B. Effects of nigral and striatal grafts on skilled forelimb use in the rat. Prog. Brain Res. 82:1990;459-466.
120. Montoya C.P., Campbell H.L., Pemberton K.D., Dunnett S.B. The "staircase test": a measure of independent forelimb reaching and grasping abilities in arts. J. Neurosci. Methods. 36:1991;219-228.
121. Morgan J.L., Cohen D.R., Hempstead J.L., Currant T. Mapping patterns of c-fos expression in the central nervous system after seizure. Science. 237:1987;192-196.
122. Naimi S., Jeny R., Hantraye P., Peschanski M., Riche D. Ontogeny of human striatal DARPP-32 neurons in fetuses and following xenografting to the adult rat brain. Exp. Neurol. 137:1996;15-25.
123. Nakao N., Odin P., Brundin P. Selective subdissection of the striatal primordium for cultures affects the yield of DARPP-32-containing neurons. NeuroReport. 5:1994;1081-1084.
124. Nakao N., Frodl E.M., Duan W.-M., Widner H., Brundin P. Lazaroids improve the survival of grafted rat embryonic dopamine neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;12408-12412.
125. Nakao N., Frodl E.M., Widner H., Carlson E., Eggerdin F.A., Epstein C.J., Brundin P. Overexpressing Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase enhances survival of transplanted neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Nat. Med. 1:1995;226-231.
126. Nakao N., Grasbon-Frodl E.M., Widner H., Brundin P. Antioxidant treatment protects striatal neurons against excitotoxic insults. Neuroscience. 73:1996;185-200.
127. Nakao N., Grasbon-Frodl E.M., Widner H., Brundin P. DARPP-32-rich zones in grafts of lateral ganglionic eminence govern the extent of functional recovery of in skilled paw-reaching in an animal model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience. 74:1996;959-970.
128. Nakao N., Brundin P. Effects of α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone on neuronal survival and motor function following intrastriatal injections of quinolinate or 3-nitropropionic acid. Neuroscience. 76:1997;749-761.
129. Nakao N., Ogura M., Nakai K., Itakura T. Intrastriatal mesencephalic grafts affect neuronal activity in basal ganglia nuclei and their target structures in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurosci. 18:1998;1806-1817.
130. Nakao N., Nakai K., Itakura T. Changes of the mitochondrial enzyme activity in striatal projection areas after unilateral excitotoxic striatal lesions: partial restoration by embryonic striatal transplants. Exp Neurol. 153:1998;268-276.
131. Nakao N., Ogura M., Nakai K., Itakura T. Embryonic striatal grafts restore neuronal activity of the globus pallidus in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience. 88:1999;469-477.
132. Nasir J., Floresco S.B., O'Kusky J.R., Diewert V.M., Richman J.M., Zeisler J., Borowski A., Marth J.D., Phillips A.G., Hayden M.R. Targeted disruption of the Huntington's disease gene results in embryonic lethality and behavioral and morphological changes in heterozygotes. Cell. 81:1995;811-823.
133. Norman A.B., Calderon S.F., Giordano M., Sanberg P.R. Striatal tissue transplants attenuate apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in rats with unilateral kainic acid lesions. Neuropharmacology. 27:1988;333-336.
134. Norman A.B., Giordano M., Sanberg P.R. Fetal striatal tissue grafts into excitotoxin-lesioned striatum: pharmacological and behavioral aspects. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 34:1989;139-147.
135. Norman A.B., Norgren R.B., Wyatt L.M., Hildebrand J.P., Sanberg P.R. The direction of apomorphine-induced rotation behavior is dependent on the location of excitotoxin lesions in the rat basal ganglia. Brain Res. 569:1992;169-172.
136. Novelli A., Reilly J.A., Lysko P.G., Henneberry R.C. Glutamate becomes neurotoxic via the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor when intracellular energy levels are reduced. Brain Res. 451:1988;205-212.
137. Olanow C.W., Kordower J.H., Freeman T.B. Fetal transplantation as a therapy for Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci. 19:1996;1996.
138. 3H -noradrenaline uptake studies using tissue transplantations to the anterior eye chamber of the eye. Acta Physiol. Scand., Suppl. 348:1970;1-112.
139. Olson L., Seiger Å. Brain tissue transplanted to the anterior eye chamber of the eye. Part 1: Fluorescence histochemistry of the immature catecholamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons reinnervating the rat iris. Z. Zellforsch. 135:1972;175-194.
140. Olsson M., Campbell K., Wictorin K., Björklund A. Projection neurons in fetal striatal transplants are predominantly derived from the lateral ganglionic eminence. Neuroscience. 69:1995;1169-1182.
141. Pakzaban P., Deacon T.W., Burns L.H., Isacson O. Increased proportion of acetylcholinesterase-rich zones and improved morphological integration in host striatum of fetal grafts derived from the lateral but not the medial ganglionic eminence. Exp. Brain Res. 97:1993;13-22.
142. Palfi S., Ferrante R.J., Brouillet E., Beal M.F., Dolan R., Guyot M.C., Peschanski M., Hantraye P. Chronic 3-nitropropionic acid treatment in baboons replicates the cognitive and motor deficits of Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 16:1996;3019-3025.
143. Palfi S., Conde F., Riche D., Brouillet E., Dautry C., Mittoux V., Chibois A., Peschanski M., Hantraye P. Fetal allografts reverse cognitive deficits in a primate model of Huntington's disease. Nat. Med. 4:1998;963-966.
144. Pan H.S., Engber T.M., Chase T.N., Walters J.R. The effects of striatal lesion on turning behavior and globus pallidus single unit response to dopamine agonist administration. Life Sci. 46:1990;73-80.
145. Paulson G.W. Predictive tests in Huntington's disease. Yahar M.D. The Basal Ganglia. 1976;317-329 Raven Press, New York.
146. Perlow M.J., Freed W.J., Hoffer B.J., Seiger Å., Olson L., Wyatt R.J. Brain grafts reduce motor abnormalities produced by destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine system. Science. 204:1979;643-647.
147. Pisa M. Motor function of the neostriatum in the rat: critical role of the lateral region in tongue and forelimb reaching. Neuroscience. 24:1988;453-463.
148. Pritzel M., Isacson O., Brundin P., Wiklund L., Björklund A. Afferent and efferent connections of straiatal grafts implanted into the ibotenic acid lesioned neostriatum in adult rats. Exp. Brain Res. 65:1986;112-126.
149. Quinn N., Brown R., Craufurd D., Goldman S., Hodges J., Kieburtz K., Lindvall O., Macmillan J., Roos R. Core assessment of program for intracerebral transplantation in Huntington's disease (CAPIT-HD). Mov. Disord. 11:1996;143-150.
150. Reading P.J., Dunnett S.B. Embryonic straiatal grafts reverse the disinhibitory effects of ibotenic acid lesions of the ventral striatum. Exp. Brain Res. 105:1995;76-86.
151. Reddy P.H., Williams M., Charles V., Garrett L., Pike-Buchanan L., Whetsell W.O. Jr, Miller G., Tagle D.A. Behavioural abnormalities selective neuronal loss in HD transgenic mice expressing mutated full-length HD cDNA. Nat. Genet. 20:1998;198-202.
152. Reiner A., Anderson K.D. The pattern of neurotransmitter and neuropeptide cooccurrence among striatal projection neurons: conclusions based on recent findings. Brain Res. Rev. 15:1990;251-265.
153. Roberts R.C., DiFigilia M. Localization of immunoreactive GABA and enkephalin and NADPH diaphorase-positive neurons in fetal striatal grafts in the quinolinic acid-lesioned rat neostriatum. J. Com. Neurol. 274:1988;406-421.
154. Roberts R.C., DiFigilia M. Long-term survival of GABA-, enkephalin-, NADPH-diaphorase and calbindin-D28k-containing neurons. Brain Res. 532:1990;151-159.
155. Rutherford A., Garcia-Munoz M., Dunnett S.B., Arbuthnott G.W. Electrophysiological demonstration of host cortical inputs to striatal grafts. Neurosci. Lett. 83:1987;275-281.
156. Sachedv R.N.S., Gilman S., Aldridge J.A. Effects of excitotoxic striatal lesions on single unit activity in globus pallidus and entopeduncular nucleus. Brain Res. 501:1989;295-306.
157. Sagar S.M., Sharp F.R., Curran T. Expression of c-Fos protein in brain: metabolic mapping at the cellular level. Science. 240:1988;1328-1331.
158. Saji M., Reis D.J. Delayed transneuronal death of substantia nigra neurons prevented by γ-aminobutyric acid agonist. Sicence. 235:1997;66-68.
159. Sanberg P.R., Coyle J.T. Scientific approaches to Huntington's disease. Cri. Rev. Clin. Neurobiol. 1:1984;1-44.
160. Sanberg P.R., Henault M.A., Deckel A.W. Locomotor hyperactivity: effects of multiple striatal transplants in an animal model of Huntington's disease. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 25:1986;297-300.
161. Sanberg P.R., Calderon S.F., Garver D.L., Norman A.B. Brain tissue transplants in an animal model of Huntington's disease. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 23:1987;476-482.
162. Sanberg P.R., Henault M.A., Hagenmeyer-Houser S.H., Giordano M., Russell K.H. Multiple transplants of fetal striatal tissue in the kainic acid model of Huntington's disease. Behavioral recovery may not be related to acetylcholine esterase. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 495:1987;781-785.
163. Sanberg P.R., Giordano M., Henault M.A., Nash D.R., Ragozzino M.E., Hagenmeyer-Houser S.H. Intraparenchymal striatal transplants required for maintenance of behavioral recoverry in an animal model of Huntington's disease. J. Neur. Transplant. Plast. 1:1989;23-31.
164. Sanberg P.R., Zubrycki E., Ragozzini M.E., Giordanao M., Shipley M.T. Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers and neurons in transplanted striatal tissue in rats with quinolinic acid lesions of the striatum. Brain Res. Bull. 25:1990;889-894.
165. Sauer H., Brundin P. Effects of cool storage on survival and function of intrastriatal ventral mesencephalic grafts. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 2:1991;123-135.
166. Sauer H., Frodl E.M., Kupsch A., ten Bruggencate G., Oertel W.H. Cryopreservation, survival and function of intrastriatal fetal mesencephalic grafts. Exp. Brain Res. 90:1992;54-62.
167. Schmidt R.H., Björklund A., Stenevi U., Dunnett S.B., Gage F.H. Intracerebral grafting of neuronal cell suspensions. Part III: Activity of intrastriatal nigral suspension implants as assessed by measurements of dopamine synthesis and metabolism. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 522:1983;19-28.
168. Schwartz W.J., Smith C.B., Davidsen L., Savaki H., Sokoloff L., Mata M., Fink D.J., Gainer H. Metabolic mapping of functional activity in the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system of the rat. Science. 205:1979;723-725.
169. Schwarcz R., Fuxe K., Agnati L.F., Hökfelt T., Coyle J.T. Rotational behaviour in rats with unilateral striatal kainic acid lesions: a behavioural model for studies on intact dopamine receptors. Brain Res. 170:1979;584-595.
170. Schwarcz R., Hökfelt T., Fuxe K., Jonsson G., Goldstein M., Terenius L. Ibotenic acid-induced neuronal degeneration: morphological and neurochemical study. Exp. Brain Res. 37:1979;199-216.
171. Schwarcz R., Whetsell W.O. Jr, Mangano R.M. Quinolinic acid: an endogenous metabolite that produces axon-sparing lesions in rat brain. Science. 219:1983;316-318.
172. Schwarcz R., Okuno E., White R.J., Bird E.D., Whetsell W.O. 3-Hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase activity is increased in the brains of Huntington's disease victims. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;4079-4081.
173. Sirinathsinghji D.J.S., Dunnett S.B., Isacson O., Clarke D.J., Kendrick K., Björklund A. Striatal grafts in rats with unilateral neostriatal lesions. Part II: In vivo monitoring of GABA release in globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Neuroscience. 24:1988;803-811.
174. Sirinathsinghji D.J.S., Morris B.J., Wisden W., Northrop A., Hunt S.P., Dunnett S.B. Gene expression in striatal grafts. Part I: Cellular localization of neurotransmitter mRNAs. Neuroscience. 34:1990;675-686.
175. Smart I.M.H. A pilot study of cell production by the ganglionic eminences of the developing mouse brain. J. Anat. 121:1976;71-84.
176. Smart I.M.H., Sturrock R.R. Divac I., Oberg R.G.E. Ontogeny of the Neostriatum. 1979;127-146 Pregmon Press, Oxford.
177. Smith A.D., Bolam J.P. The neural network of the basal ganglia as revealed by the study of synaptic connections of identified neurones. Trends Neurosci. 13:1990;259-265.
178. Snyder-Keller A.M., Carder R.K., Lund R.D. Development of dopamine innervation and turning behavior in dopamine-depleted infant rats receiving unilateral nigral transplants. Neuroscience. 30:1989;779-794.
179. 14C ]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. J. Neurochem. 28:1977;897-916.
180. Storey E., Hyman B.T., Jenkins B., Brouillet E., Miller J.M., Rosen B.R., Beal M.F. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium produces excitotoxic lesions in rat striatum as a result of impairment of oxidative metabolism. J. Neurochem. 58:1992;1975-1978.
181. Tossman U., Segovia J., Ungerstedt U. Extracellular levels of amino acids in striatum and globus pallidus of 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats measured with microdialysis. Acta Physiol. Scand. 127:1986;547-551.
182. Valouskova V., Bracha V., Bures J. Unilateral striatal grafts induce behavioral and electrophysiological asymmetry in rats with bilateral kainate lesions of the caudate nucleus. Behav. Neurosci. 104:1990;671-680.
183. Walker P.D., Chovanes G.I., McAllister J.L. Identification of acetylcholinesterase-reactive neurons and neuropil in neostriatal transplants. J. Com. Neurol. 259:1987;1-12.
184. Watts C., Dunnett S.B. Effects of severity of host striatal damage on the morphological development of intrastriatal transplants in a rodent model of Huntington's disease: implications for timing of surgical intervention. J. Neurosurg. 89:1998;267-274.
185. Whishaw I.Q., O'Connor W.T., Dunnett S.B. The contributions of motor cortex, nigrostriatal dopamine and caudate-putamen to skilled forelimb use in the rat. Brain. 109:1986;805-843.
186. Wictorin K., Isacson O., Fisher W., Nothias F.H., Pechanski M., Björklund A. Connectivity of striatal grafts implanted into the ibotenic acid lesioned striatum. I. Subcortical afferents. Neuroscience. 27:1988;547-562.
187. Wictorin K., Björklund A. Connectivity of striatal grafts implanted into the ibotenic acid lesioned striatum. Part II: Cortical afferents. Neuroscience. 30:1989;297-311.
188. Wictorin K., Clarle D.J., Bolam J.P., Björklund A. Host corticostriatal fibers establish synaptic connections with grafted striatal neurons in the ibotenic acid lesioned striatum. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1:1989;189-195.
189. Wictorin K., Ouimet C.C., Björklund A. Intrinsic organization and connectivity of intrastriatal striatal transplants in rats as revealed by DARPP-32 immunohistochemistry: specificity of connections with the lesioned host brain. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1:1989;690-701.
190. Wictorin K., Simerly R.B., Isacson O., Swanson L.W., Björklund A. Connectivity of striatal grafts implanted into the ibotenic acid lesioned striatum. Part III: Efferent projecting graft neurons and their relation to host afferents with the grafts. Neuroscience. 30:1989;313-330.
191. Wictorin K., Clarke D.J., Bolam J.P., Björklund A. Fetal striatal neurons grafted into the ibotenate lesioned striatum: efferent projections and synaptic contacts in the host globus pallidus. Neuroscience. 37:1990;301-315.
192. Wictorin K., Brundin P., Gustavii B., Lindvall O., Björklund A. Reformation of long axon pathways in adult rat CNS by human forebrain neuroblasts. Nature. 347:1990;556-558.
193. Wictorin K. Anatomy and connectivity of intrastriatal striatal transplants. Prog. Neurobiol. 38:1992;611-639.
194. Wong-Riley M.M.T. Cytochrome oxidase: an endogenous metabolic marker for neuronal activity. Trends Neurosci. 12:1989;94-101.
195. Wooten G.F., Collins R.C. Regional brain glucose utilization following intrastriatal injections of kainic acid. Brain Res. 201:1980;173-184.
196. Xu Z.C., Wilson C.J., Emson P.C. Restoration of the corticostriatal projection in rat neostriatal grafts: electron microscopic analysis. Neuroscience. 29:1989;539-550.
197. Xu Z.C., Wilson C.J., Emson P.C. Restoration of the thalamostriatal projections in rat neostriatal grafts: an electron microscopic analysis. J. Com. Neurol. 303:1990;2-14.
198. Xu Z.C., Wilson C.J., Emson P.C. Synaptic potentials evoked in spiny neurons in rat neostriatal grafts by cortical and thalamic stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 65:1991;477-493.
199. Young A., Crowder J.M., Bradford H.F. Potentiation by kainate of excitatory amino acid release in striatum complementary in vitro and in vitro experiments. J. Neurochem. 50:1988;337-345.
200. Yurek D.M., Lu W., Hipkens S., Wiegand S.J. BDNF enhances the functional reinnervation of the striatum by grafted fetal dopamine neurons. Exp. Neurol. 137:1996;105-118.
201. Zeevalk G.D., Nicklas W.J. Chemically induced hypoglycemia and anoxia: relationship to glutamate receptor-mediated toxicity in retina. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 253:1990;1285-1292.
202. Zeitlin S., Liu J.P., Chapman D.L., Papaioannou V.E., Efstratiadis A. Increased apoptosis and early embryonic lethality in mice nullizygous for the Huntington's disease gene homologue. Nature Genet. 11:1995;155-163.
203. Zhou F.C., Buchwald N. Connectivities of the striatal grafts in adult rat brain: a rich efference and scant striatonigral efference. Brain Res. 504:1989;15-30.
204. Zhou F.C., Buchwald N., Hull C., Towle A. Neuronal and glial elements of fetal striatal grafts in the adult neostriatum. Neuroscience. 30:1989;19-31.