Synthesis of 3',5'-dipeptidyl oligonucleotides

Journal of Organic Chemistry

Volumn 64, Issue 13, 1999, Pages 4749-4761

  Schwope, Ina ^a   Bleczinski, Colleen F ^a   Richert, Clemens ^a  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3,5 DIPEPTIDYLOLIGONUCLEOTIDE DERIVATIVE; DNA HYBRID; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; DNA DETERMINATION; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM;

EID: 0033603487     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo990036d     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
2. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
3. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
4. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
5. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
6. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
7. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
8. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
9. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
10. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
11. Selected reviews: (a) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 544-584. (b) Milligan, J. F.; Matteucci, M. D.; Martin, J. C. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1923-1937. (c) Stein, C. A.; Cheng, Y.-C. Science 1993, 261, 1004-1012. (d) Sanghvi, Y. S., Cook, P. D., Eds.; Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; pp 1-22. (e) Hunziker, J.; Leumann, C. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Ernst, B., Leumann, C., Eds.; Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta: Basel, 1995; pp 333-417. (f) DeMesmaeker, A.; Haener, R.; Martin, P.; Moser, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 366-374. (g) Agrawal, S.; Iyer, R. P. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997, 76, 151-160. (h) Curcio, L. D.; Bouffard, D. Y.; Scanlon, K. J. Pharm. Therapeutics 1997, 74, 317-332. (i) Crooke, S. T. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 1998, 15, 121-157. (j) Uhlmann, E.; Peyman, A.; Breipohl, G.; Will, D. W. Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2954-2983; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2797-2823.
12. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
13. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
14. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
15. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
16. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
17. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
18. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
19. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
20. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
21. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
22. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
23. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
24. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
25. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
26. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
27. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
28. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
29. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515-6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
30. Selected references: (a) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Tregear, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 5199-5202. (b) Haralambidis, J.; Duncan, L.; Angus, K.; Tregear, G. W. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 493-499. (c) Juby, C. D.; Richardson, C. D.; Brousseau, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 879-882. (d) Eritja, R.; Pons, A.; Escarceller, M.; Giralt, E.; Albericio, F. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 4113-4120. (e) Arar, K.; Monsigny, M.; Mayer, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 8087-8090. (f) Bongartz, J. P.; Aubertin, A. M.; Milhaud, P. G.; Lebleu, B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4681-4688. (g) Truffert, J.-C.; Lorthioir, O.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2353-2356. (h) Zhu, T.; Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Antisense Res. Dev. 1993, 3, 265-275. (i) Wei, Z.; Tung, C.-H.; Zhu, T.; Dickerhof, W. A.; Breslauer, K. J.; Georgopoulos, D. E.; Leibowitz, M. J.; Stein, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996, 24, 655-661. (j) Truffert, J. C.; Asseline, U.; Thuong, N. T.; Brack, A. Protein Pept. Lett. 1995, 2, 419-424. (k) Corey, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9373-9374. (l) DelaTorre, B. G.; Avino, A.; Tarrason, G.; Piulats, J.; Albericio, F.; Eritja, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2733-2736. (m) Peyrottes, S.; Mestre, B.; Burlina, F.; Gait, M. J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12513-12522. (n) Tung, C. H.; Rudolph, M. J.; Stein, S. Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 464-465. (o) Robles, J.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4389-4392. (p) Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; van Dam, E. M. A.; van ven Elst, H.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 6491-6495. (q) Kuyl-Yheskiely, E.; Dreef-Tromp, C. M.; Geluk, A.; van der Marel, G. A.; Van Boom, J. H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17, 2897-2905. (r) Kuyl-Yeheskiely, E.; Tromp, C. M.; Lefeber, A. W. M.; van der Marel, G. A.; van Boom, J. H. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 6515- 6523. (s) Beltran, M.; Pedroso, E.; Grandas, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4115-4118.
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