Four-Dimensional control of the cell cycle

Nature Cell Biology

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 1999, Pages E73-E79

  Pines, Jonathon ^a  

^a WELLCOME CRC INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; CELL CYCLE; CELL NUCLEUS; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPAIR; DNA REPLICATION; HUMAN; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; CELL CYCLE; CELL NUCLEUS; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPAIR; DNA REPLICATION; HUMANS;

EID: 0033163714     PISSN: 14657392     EISSN: 14764679     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/11041     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Jackman, M., Firth, M. & Pines, J. Human cyclins B1 and B2 are localised to strikingly different structures: B1 to microtubules, B2 primarily to the Golgi apparatus. EMBO J. 14, 1646–1654 (1995).
2. McGowan, C. H. & Russell, P. Human Wee1 kinase inhibits cell division by phosphorylating p34cdc2 exclusively on Tyr15. EMBO J. 12, 75–85 (1993).
3. Liu, F., Stanton, J. J., Wu, Z. & Piwnica-Worms, H. The human Myt1 kinase preferentially phosphorylates Cdc2 on threonine 14 and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 571–583 (1997).
4. Girard, F. et al. cdc25 is a nuclear protein expressed constitutively throughout the cell cycle in nontransformed mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 118, 785–794 (1992).
5. Millar, J. B. et al. p55CDC25 is a nuclear protein required for the initiation of mitosis in human cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10500–10504 (1991).
6. Gabrielli, B. G. et al. Cytoplasmic accumulation of cdc25B phosphatase in mitosis triggers centrosomal microtubule nucleation in HeLa cells. J. Cell Sci. 109, 1081–1093 (1996).
7. Moll, T., Tebb, G., Surana, U., Robitsch, H. & Nasmyth, K. The role of phosphorylation and the CDC28 protein kinase in cell cycle-regulated nuclear import of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor SWI5. Cell 66, 743–758 (1991).
8. Long, R. M. et al. Mating type switching in yeast controlled by asymmetric localization of ASH1 mRNA. Science 277, 383–387 (1997).
9. Fukuda, M., Gotoh, Y. & Nishida, E. Interaction of MAP kinase with MAP kinase kinase: its possible role in the control of nucleocytoplasmic transport of MAP kinase. EMBO J. 16, 1901–1908 (1997).
10. Brunet, A. et al. Nuclear translocation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for growth factor-induced gene expression and cell cycle entry. EMBO J. 18, 664–674 (1999).
11. Tsukazaki, T., Chiang, T. A., Davison, A. F., Attisano, L. & Wrana, J. L. SARA, a FYVE domain protein that recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptor. Cell 95, 779–791 (1998).
12. Chen, Z. et al. Signal-induced site-specific phosphorylation targets I kappa B alpha to the ubiquitinproteasome pathway. Genes Dev. 9, 1586–1597 (1995).
13. Winston, J. T. et al. The SCFbeta-TRCP-ubiquitin ligase complex associates specifically with phosphorylated destruction motifs in IkappaBalpha and beta-catenin and stimulates IkappaBalpha ubiquitination in vitro. Genes Dev. 13, 270–283 (1999).
14. Aberle, H., Bauer, A., Stappert, J., Kispert, A. & Kemler, R. b-Catenin is a target for the ubiquitinproteasome pathway. EMBO J. 16, 3797–3804 (1997).
15. Diehl, J. A., Cheng, M., Roussel, M. F. & Sherr, C. J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3b regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization. Genes Dev. 12, 3499–3511 (1998).
16. Stepanova, L., Leng, X., Parker, S. B. & Harper, J. W. Mammalian p50Cdc37 is a protein kinasetargeting subunit of Hsp90 that binds and stabilizes Cdk4. Genes Dev. 10, 1491–1502 (1996).
17. Diehl, J. A., Zindy, F. & Sherr, C. J. Inhibition of cyclin D1 phosphorylation on threonine-286 prevents its rapid degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Genes Dev. 11, 957–972 (1997).
18. Yew, P. R. & Kirschner, M. W. Proteolysis and DNA replication: the CDC34 requirement in the Xenopus egg cell cycle. Science 277, 1672–1676 (1997).
19. Tomoda, K., Kubota, Y. & Kato, J. Degradation of the cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is instigated by Jab1. Nature 398, 160–165 (1999).
20. Glickman, M. H. et al. A subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle required for ubiquitinconjugate degradation and related to the COP9-signalosome and eIF3. Cell 94, 615–623 (1998).
21. Wei, N. et al. The COP9 complex is conserved between plants and mammals and is related to the 26S proteasome regulatory complex. Curr. Biol. 8, 919–922 (1998).
22. Peter, M., Gartner, A., Horecka, J., Ammerer, G. & Herskowitz, I. FAR1 links the signal transduction pathway to the cell cycle machinery in yeast. Cell 73, 747–760 (1993).
23. Valtz, N., Peter, M. & Herskowitz, I. FAR1 is required for oriented polarization of yeast cells in response to mating pheromones. J. Cell Biol. 131, 863–873 (1995).
24. Henchoz, S. et al. Phosphorylation- and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Far1p in budding yeast. Genes Dev. 11, 3046–3060 (1997).
25. Butty, A. C., Pryciak, P. M., Huang, L. S., Herskowitz, I. & Peter, M. The role of far1p in linking the heterotrimeric G protein to polarity establishment proteins during yeast mating. Science 282, 1511–1516 (1998).
26. Reynisdottir, I. & Massague, J. The subcellular locations of p15(Ink4b) and p27(Kip1) coordinate their inhibitory interactions with cdk4 and cdk2. Genes Dev. 11, 492–503 (1997).
27. Toyoshima, H. & Hunter, T. p27, a novel inhibitor of G1 cyclin-Cdk protein kinase activity, is related to p21. Cell 78, 67–74 (1994).
28. La Thangue, N. DP and E2F proteins: components of a heterodimeric transcription factor implicated in cell cycle control. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6, 443–450 (1994).
29. Ormondroyd, E., de la Luna, S. & La Thangue, N. B. A new member of the DP family, DP-3, with distinct protein products suggests a regulatory role for alternative splicing in the cell cycle transcription factor DRTF1/E2F. Oncogene 11, 1437–1446 (1995).
30. de la Luna, S., Burden, M. J., Lee, C. W. & La Thangue, N. B. Nuclear accumulation of the E2F heterodimer regulated by subunit composition and alternative splicing of a nuclear localization signal. J. Cell Sci. 109, 2443–2452 (1996).
31. Verona, R. et al. E2F activity is regulated by cell cycle-dependent changes in subcellular localization. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 7268–7282 (1997).
32. Hennessy, K. M., Clark, C. D. & Botstein, D. Subcellular localization of yeast CDC46 varies with the cell cycle. Genes Dev. 4, 2252–2263 (1990).
33. Petersen, B. O., Lukas, J., Sorensen, C. S., Bartek, J. & Helin, K. Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization. EMBO J. 18, 396–410 (1999).
34. Hua, X. H. & Newport, J. Identification of a preinitiation step in DNA replication that is independent of origin recognition complex and cdc6, but dependent on cdk2. J. Cell Biol. 140, 271–281 (1998).
35. Nishitani, H. et al. Loss of RCC1, a nuclear DNA-binding protein, uncouples the completion of DNA replication from the activation of cdc2 protein kinase and mitosis. EMBO J. 10, 1555–1564 (1991).
36. Hagting, A., Karlsson, C., Clute, P., Jackman, M. & Pines, J. MPF localisation is controlled by nuclear export. EMBO J. 17, 4127–4138 (1998).
37. Toyoshima, F., Moriguchi, T., Wada, A., Fukuda, M. & Nishida, E. Nuclear export of cyclin B1 and its possible role in the DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint. EMBO J. 17, 2728–2735 (1998).
38. Yang, J. et al. Control of cyclin B1 localization through regulated binding of the nuclear export factor CRM1. Genes Dev. 12, 2131–2143 (1998).
39. Jin, P., Hardy, S. & Morgan, D. O. Nuclear localization of cyclin B1 controls mitotic entry after DNA damage. J. Cell Biol. 141, 875–885 (1998).
40. Dulic, V., Stein, G. H., Far, D. F. & Reed, S. I. Nuclear accumulation of p21Cip1 at the onset of mitosis: a role at the G2/M-phase transition. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 546–557 (1998).
41. Pines, J. & Hunter, T. Human cyclins A and B are differentially located in the cell and undergo cell cycle dependent nuclear transport. J. Cell Biol. 115, 1–17 (1991).
42. Ookata, K., Hisanaga, S., Okano, T., Tachibana, K. & Kishimoto, T. Relocation and distinct subcellular localization of p34cdc2-cyclin B complex at meiosis reinitiation in starfish oocytes. EMBO J. 11, 1763–1772 (1992).
43. Gallant, P. & Nigg, E. A. Cyclin B2 undergoes cell cycle-dependent nuclear translocation and, when expressed as a non-destructible mutant, causes mitotic arrest in HeLa cells. J. Cell Biol. 117, 213–224 (1992).
44. Li, J., Meyer, A. N. & Donoghue, D. J. Nuclear localization of cyclin B1 mediates its biological activity and is regulated by phosphorylation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 502–507 (1997).
45. Li, J., Meyer, A. N. & Donoghue, D. J. Requirement for phosphorylation of cyclin B1 for Xenopus oocyte maturation. Mol. Biol. Cell. 6, 1111–1124 (1995).
46. Pines, J. & Hunter, T. The differential localization of human cyclins A and B is due to a cytoplasmic retention signal in cyclin B. EMBO J. 13, 3772–3781 (1994).
47. Lowe, M. et al. Cdc2 kinase directly phosphorylates the cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130 and is required for Golgi fragmentation in mitosis. Cell 94, 783–793 (1998).
48. Brandeis, M. et al. Cyclin B2-null mice develop normally and are fertile whereas cyclin B1-null mice die in utero. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 4344–4349 (1998).
49. Dunphy, W. G. The decision to enter mitosis. Trends Cell Biol. 4, 202–207 (1994).
50. Mueller, P. R., Coleman, T. R., Kumagai, A. & Dunphy, W. G. Myt1: a membrane-associated inhibitory kinase that phosphorylates Cdc2 on both threonine-14 and tyrosine-15. Science 270, 86–90 (1995).
51. Booher, R. N., Holman, P. S. & Fattaey, A. Human Myt1 is a cell cycle-regulated kinase that inhibits Cdc2 but not Cdk2 activity. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 22300–22306 (1997).
52. Lew, D. J. & Reed, S. I. A cell cycle checkpoint monitors cell morphogenesis in budding yeast. J. Cell Biol. 129, 739–749 (1995).
53. McMillan, J. N., Sia, R. A. L. & Lew, D. J. A morphogenesis checkpoint monitors the actin cytoskeleton in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 142, 1487–1499 (1998).
54. Sia, R. A., Bardes, E. S. & Lew, D. J. Control of Swe1p degradation by the morphogenesis checkpoint. EMBO J. 17, 6678–6688 (1998).
55. Barral, Y., Parra, M., Bidlingmaier, S. & Snyder, M. Nim1-related kinases coordinate cell cycle progression with the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton in yeast. Genes Dev. 13, 176–187 (1999).
56. Okuzaki, D., Tanaka, S., Kanazawa, H. & Nojima, H. Gin4 of S. cerevisiae is a bud neck protein that interacts with the Cdc28 complex. Genes Cells 2, 753–770 (1997).
57. Carroll, C. W., Altman, R., Schieltz, D., Yates, J. R. & Kellogg, D. The septins are required for the mitosis-specific activation of the Gin4 kinase. J. Cell Biol. 143, 709–717 (1998).
58. Altman, R. & Kellogg, D. Control of mitotic events by Nap1 and the Gin4 kinase. J. Cell Biol. 138, 119–130 (1997).
59. Wu, L., Shiozaki, K., Aligue, R. & Russell, P. Spatial organization of the Nim1-Wee1-Cdc2 mitotic control network in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol. Biol. Cell. 7, 1749–1758 (1996).
60. Lopez-Girona, A., Furnari, B., Mondesert, O. & Russell, P. Nuclear localization of Cdc25 regulated by DNA damage and 14-3-3 protein. Nature 397, 172–175 (1999).
61. Furnari, B., Rhind, N. & Russell, P. Cdc25 mitotic inducer targeted by chk1 DNA damage checkpoint kinase. Science 277, 1495–1497 (1997).
62. Peng, C.Y. et al. Mitotic and G2 checkpoint control: regulation of 14-3-3 protein binding by phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine-216. Science 277, 1501–1505 (1997).
63. Sanchez, Y. et al. Conservation of the Chk1 checkpoint pathway in mammals: linkage of DNA damage to Cdk regulation through Cdc25. Science 277, 1497–1501 (1997).
64. Hermeking, H. et al. 14-3-3 is a p53-regulated inhibitor of G2/M progression. Mol. Cell 1, 3–11 (1997).
65. Hoffmann, I., Clarke, P. R., Marcote, M. J., Karsenti, E. & Draetta, G. Phosphorylation and activation of human cdc25-C by cdc2-cyclin B and its involvement in the self-amplification of MPF at mitosis. EMBO J. 12, 53–63 (1993).
66. Kumagai, A. & Dunphy, W. G. Purification and molecular cloning of Plx1, a Cdc25-regulatory kinase from Xenopus egg extracts. Science 273, 1377–1380 (1996).
67. Peng, C.Y. et al. C-TAK1 protein kinase phosphorylates human Cdc25C on serine 216 and promotes 14-3-3 protein binding. Cell Growth Differ. 9, 197–208 (1998).
68. Yoshitome, S., Furuno, N. & Sagata, N. Overexpression of the cytoplasmic retention signal region of cyclin B2, but not of cyclin B1, inhibits bipolar spindle formation in Xenopus oocytes. Biol. Cell 90, 509–518 (1998).
69. Lee, K. S., Grenfell, T. Z., Yarm, F. R. & Erikson, R. L. Mutation of the polo-box disrupts localization and mitotic functions of the mammalian polo kinase Plk. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 9301–9306 (1998).
70. King, R. W., Deshaies, R. J., Peters, J. M. & Kirschner, M. W. How proteolysis drives the cell cycle. Science 274, 1652–1659 (1996).
71. Gorbsky, G. J. Cell cycle checkpoints: arresting progress in mitosis. Bioessays 19, 193–197 (1997).
72. Rieder, C. L., Schultz, A., Cole, R. & Sluder, G. Anaphase onset in vertebrate somatic cells is controlled by a checkpoint that monitors sister kinetochore attachment to the spindle. J. Cell Biol. 127, 1301–1310 (1994).
73. Nasmyth, K. Separating sister chromatids. Trends Biochem. Sci. 24, 98–104 (1999).
74. Elledge, S. J. Mitotic arrest: Mad2 prevents sleepy from waking up the APC. Science 279, 999–1000 (1998).
75. Chen, R. H., Waters, J. C., Salmon, E. D. & Murray, A. W. Association of spindle assembly checkpoint component XMAD2 with unattached kinetochores. Science 274, 242–246 (1996).
76. Taylor, S. S. & McKeon, F. Kinetochore localization of murine Bub1 is required for normal mitotic timing and checkpoint response to spindle damage. Cell 89, 727–735 (1997).
77. Tugendreich, S., Tomkiel, J., Earnshaw, W. & Hieter, P. CDC27Hs colocalizes with CDC16Hs to the centrosome and mitotic spindle and is essential for the metaphase to anaphase transition. Cell 81, 261–268 (1995).
78. Jorgensen, P. M., Brundell, E., Starborg, M. & Hoog, C. A subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex is a centromere-associated protein in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 468–476 (1998).
79. Kallio, M., Weinstein, J., Daum, J. R., Burke, D. J. & Gorbsky, G. J. Mammalian p55CDC mediates association of the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex, and is involved in regulating anaphase onset and late mitotic events. J. Cell Biol. 141, 1393–1406 (1998).
80. Clute, P. & Pines, J. Temporal and spatial control of cyclin B1 destruction in metaphase. Nature Cell Biol. 1, 82–87 (1999).
81. Huang, J. & Raff, J. The disappearance of cyclin B at the end of mitosis is regulated spatially in Drosophila cells. EMBO J. 18, 2184–2195 (1999).
82. Visintin, R., Hwang, E. S. & Amon, A. Cfi1 prevents premature exit from mitosis by sequestering the Cdc14 phosphatase in the nucleolus. Nature 398, 818–823 (1999).
83. Shou, W. et al. Exit from mitosis is triggered by Tem1-dependent release of the protein phosphatase Cdc14 from nucleolar RENT complex. Cell 97, 233–244 (1999).
84. Bahler, J. et al. Role of polo kinase and Mid1p in determining the site of cell division in fission yeast. J. Cell Biol. 143, 1603–1616 (1998).
85. Field, C. M. & Alberts, B. M. Anillin, a contractile ring protein that cycles from the nucleus to the cell cortex. J. Cell Biol. 131, 165–178 (1995).
86. Ikeshima-Kataoka, H., Skeath, J. B., Nabeshima, Y., Doe, C. Q. & Matsuzaki, F. Miranda directs Prospero to a daughter cell during Drosophila asymmetric divisions. Nature 390, 625–629 (1997).
87. Shen, C. P., Jan, L. Y. & Jan, Y. N. Miranda is required for the asymmetric localization of Prospero during mitosis in Drosophila. Cell 90, 449–458 (1997).
88. Jan, Y. N. & Jan, L. Y. Asymmetric cell division. Nature 392, 775–778 (1998).
89. Guo, S. & Kemphues, K. J. par-1, a gene required for establishing polarity in C. elegans embryos, encodes a putative Ser/Thr kinase that is asymmetrically distributed. Cell 81, 611–620 (1995).
90. Pines, J. Checkpoint on the nuclear frontier. Nature 397, 104–105 (1999).