Increased Smad expression and activation are associated with apoptosis in normal and malignant prostate after castration

Cancer Research

Volumn 59, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 2731-2738

  Brodin, Greger ^a   Ten Dijke, Peter ^a   Funa, Keiko ^b   Heldin, Carl Henrik ^a   Landström, Maréne ^a,c  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^c LUDWIG INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CANCER INHIBITION; CASTRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE TARGETING; HORMONAL REGULATION; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; RAT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; MALE; ORCHIECTOMY; PHOSPHOPROTEINS; PROSTATE; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; SMAD2 PROTEIN; SMAD3 PROTEIN; SMAD4 PROTEIN; SMAD5 PROTEIN; SMAD6 PROTEIN; SMAD7 PROTEIN; TRANS-ACTIVATORS; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

EID: 0033153558     PISSN: 00085472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Kyprianou, N., English, H. F., and Isaacs, J. T. Programmed cell death during regression of PC-82 human prostate cancer following androgen ablation. Cancer Res., 50: 3748-3753, 1990.
2. Kerr, J. F., Wyllie, A. H., and Currie, A. R. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomen with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer, 26: 239-257, 1972.
3. Kyprianou, N., and Isaacs, J. T. Activation of programmed cell death in the rat ventral prostate after castration. Endocrinology, 12: 357-364, 1988.
4. Massagué, J., Hata, A., and Liu, F. TGF-β signaling through the Smad pathway. Trends Cell Biol., 7: 187-192, 1997.
5. Heldin, C-H., Miyazono, K., and ten Dijke, P. TGF-β signaling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins. Nature (Lond.), 390: 465-471, 1997.
6. Sekelsky, J. J., Newfeld, S. J., Raftery, L. A., Chartoff, E. H., and Gelbart, W. M. Genetic characterization and cloning of Mothers against dpp, a gene required for decapentaplegic function in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 139: 1347-1358, 1995.
7. Savage, C., Das, P., Finelli, A. L., Townsend, S. R., Sun, C-Y., Baird, S. E., and Padgett, R. W. Caenorhabditis elegans genes sma-2, sma-3, and sma-4 define a conserved family of transforming growth factor β pathway components. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93: 790-794, 1996.
8. Hahn, S. A., Schutte, M., Hoque, A. T., Moskaluk, C. A., da Costa, L. T., Rozenblum, E., Weinstein, C. L., Fischer, A., Yeo, C. J., Hruban, R. H., and Kern, S. E. DPC4, a candidate tumor suppressor gene at human chromosome 18q21.1. Science (Washington DC), 271: 350-353, 1996.
9. Riggins, G. J., Thiagalingam, S., Rozenblum, E., Weinstein, C. L., Kern, S. E., Hamilton, S. R., Willson, J. K., Markowitz, S. D., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. Mad-related genes in the human. Nat. Genet., 13: 347-349, 1996.
10. Zhu, Y., Richardson, J. A., Parada, L. F., and Graff, J. M. Smad3 mutant mice develop metastatic colorectal cancer. Cell, 94: 703-714, 1998.
11. Takaku, K., Oshima, M., Miyoshi, H., Matsui, M., Seldin, M., and Taketo, M. Intestinal tumorigenesis in compound mutant mice of both Dpc4 (Smad4) and Apc genes. Cell, 92: 645-656, 1998.
12. Howe, J. R., Roth, S., Ringold, J. C., Summers, R. W., Jarvinen, H. J., Sistonen, P., Tomlinson, I. P., Houlston, R. S., Bevan, S, Mitros, F. A., Stone, E. M., and Aaltonen, L. A. Mutations in the SMAD4/DPC4 gene in juvenile polyposis. Science (Washington DC), 15: 1086-1088, 1998.
13. Hata, A., Lagna, G., Massagué, J., and Hemmati-Brivanlou, A. Smad6 inhibits BMP/Smad1 signaling by specifically competing with the Smad4 tumor suppressor. Genes Dev., 12: 186-197, 1998.
14. Imamura, T., Takase, M., Nishihara, A., Oeda, E., Hanai, J-i., Kawabata, M., and Miyazono, K. Smad6 inhibits signaling by the TGF-β superfamily. Nature (Lond.), 389: 622-626, 1997.
15. Nakao, A., Afrakhte, M., Morén, A., Nakayama, T., Christian, J. L., Heuchel, R., Itoh, S., Kawabata, M., Heldin, N-E., Heldin, C-H., and ten Dijke, P. Identification of Smad7, a TGFβ-inducible antagonist of TGF-β signaling. Nature (Lond.), 389: 631-635, 1997.
16. Hayashi, H., Abdollah, S., Qiu, Y. B., Cai, J. X., Xu, Y. Y., Grinnell, B. W., Richardson, M. A., Topper, J. N., Gimbrone, M. A., Jr., Wrana, J. L., and Falb, D. The MAD-related protein Smad7 associates with the TGF-β receptor and functions as an antagonist of TGF-β signaling. Cell, 89: 1165-1173, 1997.
17. Topper, J. N., Cai, J., Qiu, Y., Anderson, K. R., Xu, Y-Y., Deeds, J. D., Feeley, R., Gimeno, C. J., Woolf, E. A., Tayber, O., Mays, G. G., Sampson, B. A., Schoen, F. J., Gimbrone, M. A., Jr., and Falb, D. Vascular MADs: two novel MAD-related genes selectively inducible by flow in human vascular endothelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 94: 9314-9319, 1997.
18. Takase, M., Imamura, T., Sampath, T. K., Takeda, K., Ichijo, H., Miyazono, K., and Kawabata, M. Induction of Smad6 mRNA by bone morphogenetic proteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 244: 26-29, 1998.
19. Landström, M., Damber, J. E., and Bergh, A. Prostatic tumor regrowth after initially successful castration therapy may be related to a decreased apoptotic cell death rate. Cancer Res., 54: 4281-4284, 1994.
20. Denmaede, S. R., Lin, X. S., and Isaacs, J. T. Role of programmed cell death during the progression and therapy of prostate cancer. Prostate, 28: 251-265, 1996.
21. Hsing, A. Y., Kadomatsu, K., Bonham, M. J., and Danielpour, D. Regulation of apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-β1 in nontumorigenic and tumorigenic rat prostatic epithelial cell lines. Cancer Res., 56: 5146-5149, 1996.
22. Landström, M., Eklöv, S., Colosetti, P., Nilsson, S., Damber, J-E., Bergh, A., and Funa, K. Estrogen induces apoptosis in a rat prostatic adenocarcinoma: association with an increased expression of TGF-β1 and its type-I and type-II receptors. Int. J. Cancer, 67: 573-579, 1996.
23. Rajah, R., Valentinis, B., and Cohen, P. Insulin like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 induces apoptosis and mediates the effects of transforming growth factor-β1 on programmed cell death through a p53-and IGF-independent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 12181-12188, 1997.
24. Kyprianou, N., and Isaacs J. T. Expression of transforming growth factor-β in rat ventral prostate during castration induced programmed cell death. Mol. Endocrinol., 3: 1515-1522, 1989.
25. Isaacs, J. T. Development and characterizations of the available animal model systems for the study of prostatic cancer. In: D. S. Coffey, N. Bruchovsky, W. H. Gardner, M. J. Resnik, J. P. Kerr (eds.), Current Concepts and Approaches to the Study of Prostate Cancer, pp. 513-576. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1987.
26. Krajewski, S., Krajewska, M., Shabaik, A., Miyashita, T., Wang, H. G., and Reed, J. C. Immunohistochemical determination of in vivo distribution of Bax, a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2. Am. J. Pathol. 145: 1323-1336, 1994.
27. Nakao, A., Imamura, T., Souchelnytskyi, S., Kawabata, M., Ishisaki, A., Oeda, E., Tamaki, K., Hanai, J-i., Heldin, C-H., Miyazono, K., and ten Dijke, P. TGF-β receptor-mediated signaling through Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. EMBO J., 16: 5353-5362, 1997.
28. Tamaki, K., Souchelnytskyi, S., Itoh, S., Nakao, A., Sampath, K., Heldin, C.-H., and ten Dijke, P. Intracellular signaling of osteogenic protein-1 through Smad5 activation. J. Cell Physiol., 177: 355-365, 1998.
29. Persson, U., Izumi, H., Souchelnytskyi, S., Itoh, S., Grimsby, S., Engström, U., Heldin, C-H , Funa, K., and ten Dijke, P. The L45 loop in type I receptors for TGF-β family members is a critical determinant in specifying Smad isoform activation. FEBS Lett., 434: 83-87, 1998.
30. Pick, E., Westermark, U., Kastemar, M., Heldin, C-H., van Zoelen, E. J., Nister, M., and ten Dijke, P. Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptors and Smad proteins in glioblastoma cell lines with distinct responses to TGF-β1. Int. J. Cancer, in press, 1999.
31. Landström, M., Bergh, A., Tomic, R., and Damber, J. E. Estrogen treatment combined with castration inhibits tumor growth more effectively than castration alone in the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostate, 17: 57-68, 1990.
32. Kim, I. Y., Ahn, H. J., Zelner, D. J., Park, L., Sensibar, J. A., and Lee, C. Expression and localization of transforming growth factor-β receptors type I and type II in the rat ventral prostate during regression. Mol. Endocrinol., 10: 107-115, 1996.
33. Lee, C. Cellular interactions in prostate cancer. Br. J. Urol., 79 (Suppl. 1): 21-27, 1997.
34. Tenniswood, M. Apoptosis, tumor invasion and prostate cancer. Br. J. Urol., 79 (Suppl. 2): 27-34. 1997.
35. Roberts, A. B., Sporn, M. B., Assoian, R. K., Smith, J. M., Roche, N. S., Wakefield, L. M., Heine, U. I., Liotta, L. A., Falanga, V., Kehrl, J. H., and Fauci, A. S. Transforming growth factor type β: rapid induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis in viva and stimulation of collagen formation in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 83: 4167-4171, 1986.
36. Wilding, G. Response to prostate cancer cells to peptide growth factors: transforming growth factor-β. Cancer Surv., 11: 147-163, 1991.
37. Williams, R. H., Stapleton, A. M. F., Yang, G., Truong, L. D., Rogers, E., Timme, T. L., Wheeler, T. M., Scardino, P. T., and Thompson, T. C. Reduced levels of transforming growth factor β receptor type II in human prostate cancer: an immunohistochemical study. Clin. Cancer Res., 2: 635-640, 1996.
38. Kim, I. Y., Ahn, H. J., Lang, S., Oefelein, M. G., Oyasu, R., Kozlowski, J. M., and Lee, C. Loss of expression of transforming growth factor-β receptors is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Clin. Cancer Res., 4: 1625-1630, 1998.
39. Kim, I. Y., Ahn, H. J., Zelner, D. J., Shaw, J. W., Sensibar, J. A., Kim, J. H., Kato, M., and Lee, C. Genetic change in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor type I gene correlates with insensitivity to TGF-β1 in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res., 56: 44-48, 1996.
40. Steiner, M. S., and Barrack, E. R. Transforming growth factor-ß1 overproduction in prostate cancer: effects on growth in vivo and in vitro. Mol. Endocrinol., 6: 15-25, 1992.
41. Thompson, T. C., Truong, L. D., Timme, T. L., Kadmon, D., McCune, B. K., Flanders, K. C., Scardino, P. T., and Park, S. H. Transgenic models for the study of prostate cancer. Cancer (Phila.), 71: 1165-1171, 1993.
42. Wyllie, A. H. Apoptosis and the regulation of cell numbers in normal and neoplastic tissues: an overview. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 11: 95-103, 1992.
43. Baker, J. C., and Harland R. M. A novel mesoderm inducer, Madr2, functions in the activin signal transduction pathway. Genes Dev., 10: 1880-1889, 1996.
44. Eppert, K., Scherer S. W., Ozcelik, H., Pirone, R., Hoodless, P., Kim, H., Tsui, L-C., Bapal, B., Gallinger, S., Andrulis, I. L., Thomsen, G. H., Wrana. J. L., and Attisano, L. MADR2 maps to 18q21 and encodes a TGFβ-regulated MAD-related protein that is functionally mutated in colorectal carcinoma. Cell, 86: 543-552, 1996.
45. Graff, J. M., Bansal, A., and Melton, D. A. Xenopus Mad proteins transduce distinct subsets of signals for the TGFβ superfamily. Cell, 85: 479-487, 1996.
46. Zhang, Y, Feng, X-H., Wu, R-Y., and Derynck, R. Receptor-associated Mad homologues synergize as effectors of the TGFβ response. Nature (Lond.), 383: 168-172, 1996.
47. Atfi, A., Buisine, M., Mazars, A., and Gespach, C. Induction of apoptosis by DPC4, a transcriptional factor regulated by transforming growth factor-β through stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 24731-24734, 1997.
48. Itoh, S., Landström, M., Hermansson, A., Itoh, F., Heldin, C-H., Heldin, N-E., and ten Dijke, P. Transforming growth factor TGF-β1 induced nuclear export of Smad7. J. Biol. Chem., 273: 29195-29201, 1998.
49. Berges, R. R., Vukanovic, J., Epstein, J. I., CarMichel, M., Cisek, L., Johnson, D. E., Veltri, R. W., Walsh, P. C., and Isaacs, J. T. Implication of the cell kinetic changes during the progression of human prostatic cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 1: 473-480, 1995.
50. Tu, H., Jacobs, S. C., Borkowski, A., and Kyprianou, N. Incidence of apoptosis and cell proliferation in prostate cancer: relationship with TGF-β1 and bcl-2 expression. Int. J. Cancer, 69: 357-363, 1996.