Immunological changes in the elderly

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 281-286

  Ginaldi, L ^a   De Martinis, M ^a   D'Ostilio, A ^a   Marini, L ^a   Loreto, M F ^a   Quaglino, D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aging; Immune system

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGING; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CANCER; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFECTION; LONGEVITY; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONHUMAN; PHAGOCYTE; REVIEW; SENESCENCE; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 0032759981     PISSN: 03949532     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/bf03339801     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Pawelec G., Rehbein A., Haehnel K., Merl A., Adibzadeh M.: Human T-cell clones in long-term culture as a model of immunosenescence. Immunol. Rev. 160: 31-42, 1997.
2. Cossarizza A., Ortolani C., Monti D., Franceschi C.: Cytometric analysis of immunosenescence. Cytometry 27: 297-313, 1997.
3. Hirokawa K.: Understanding the mechanism of age-related decline in immune function. Nutr. Rev. 50: 361-366, 1992.
4. Pawelec G., Solana R.: Immunosenescence. Immunol. Today 18: 514-516, 1997.
5. Franceschi C., Monti D., Sansoni P., Cossarizza A.: The immunology of exceptional individuals: the lesson of centenarians. Immunol. Today 16: 12-16, 1995.
6. Ligthart G.J., Corberand J.X., Fournier C., Garanaud P., Hijmans W., Kennes B., Muller-Hermelink H.K., Steinmann G.G.: Admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man: the SENIEUR protocol. Mech. Ageing Dev. 28: 47-55, 1984.
7. Ligthart G.J., Corberand J.X., Geertzen H.G.M., Meinders A.E., Knook D.L., Hijmans W.: Necessity of the assessment of health status in human immunogerontological studies: evaluation of the SENIEUR protocol. Mech. Ageing Dev. 55: 89-105, 1990.
8. Pawelec G., Adibzadeh M., Pohla H., Schaudt K.: Immunosenescence: ageing of the immune system. Immunol. Today 16: 420-422, 1995.
9. Louria D.B., Sen P., Sherer C.B., Farrer W.E.: Infections in older patients: a systematic clinical approach. Geriatrics 48: 28-34, 1993.
10. Monti D., Grassilli E., Troiano L., Cossarizza A., Salvioli S., Barbieri D., Agnesini C., Bettuzzi S., Ingletti M.C., Corti A., Franceschi C.: Senescence, immortalization and apoptosis: an intriguing relationship. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 673: 70-82, 1992.
11. Mountz J.D., Wu J., Zhou T., Hsu H.C.: Cell death and longevity: implications of Fas-mediated apoptosis in T-cell senescence. Immunol. Rev. 160: 19-30, 1997.
12. Wayne S.J., Rhyne R.L., Garry P.J., Goodwin J.S.: Cell-mediated immunity as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in subjects over 60. J. Gerontol. 45: 45-48, 1990.
13. Ferguson F.G., Wikby A., Maxson P., Olsson J., Johansson B.: Immune parameters in a longitudinal study of a very old population of Swedish people: a comparison between survivors and nonsurvivors. J. Gerontol. 50: B378-B382, 1995.
14. Powers D.C., Belshe R.B.: Effect of age on cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory as well as serum and local antibody responses elicited by inactivated influenza virus vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 167: 584-592, 1993.
15. Hirokawa K., Utsuyama M., Kasai M., Jurachima C., Ishijima S., Zeng Y.X.: Understanding the mechanism of the age-related change of thymic function to promote T cell differentiation. Immunol. Lett. 40: 269-277, 1994.
16. Thoman M.L.: Early steps in T cell development are affected by aging. Cell. Immunol. 178: 117-123, 1997.
17. Mackall C.L., Gress R.E.: Thymic aging and T cell regeneration. Immunol. Rev. 160: 91-102, 1997.
18. Engwerda C.R., Handwerger B.S., Fox B.S.: Aged T cells are hyporesponsive to co-stimulation mediated by CD28. J. Immunol. 152: 3740-3747, 1994.
19. Brosche T., Platt D.: Nutritional factors and age-associated changes in cellular immunity and phagocytosis: a mini-review. Aging Immunol. Infect. Dis. 6: 31-42, 1995.
20. Quaglino D., Ginaldi L., Furia N., De Martinis M.: The effect of age on hemopoiesis. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 8: 1-12, 1996.
21. Sansoni P., Cossarizza A., Brianti V., Fagnoni F., Snelli G., Monti D., Marcato A., Passeri G., Ortolani C., Forti E., Fagiolo U., Passeri M., Franceschi C.: Lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell activity in healthy old people and centenarians. Blood 80: 2767-2773, 1993.
22. Cossarizza A., Ortolani C., Paganelli R., Barbieri D., Monti D., Sansoni P., Fagiolo U., Castellani G., Bersani F., Londei M., Franceschi C.: CD45 isoforms expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells throughout life, from newborns to centenarians: implications for T cell memory. Mech. Ageing Dev. 86: 173-195, 1996.
23. Swain S.L., Bradley L.M., Croft M., Dubey C., Haynes L., Rogers P., Zhang X., Bradley L.M.: From naive to memory T cells. Immunol. Rev. 150: 143-167, 1996.
24. Linton P.J., Haynes L., Tsui L., Zhang X., Swain S.: From naive to effector - alterations with aging. Immunol. Rev. 160: 9-18, 1997.
25. Thoman M.L.: Effects of the aged microenvironment on CD4+ T cell maturation. Mech. Ageing Dev. 96: 75-88, 1997.
26. Flurkey K., Stadecker M., Miller R.A.: Memory T lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness to non-cognate stimuli: a key factor in age-related immunodeficiency. Eur. J. Immunol. 22: 931-935, 1992.
27. Miyaji C., Watanabe H., Minagawa M., Toma H., Kawamura T., Noiiara Y., Nozaki H., Sato Y., Abo T.: Numerical and functional characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in centenarians. J. Clin. Immunol. 17: 420-429, 1997.
28. Liu J., Wang S., Liu H., Yang L., Nan G.: The monitoring biomarker for immune function of lymphocytes in the elderly. Mech. Ageing Dev. 94: 177-182, 1997.
29. Jackola D.R., Ruger J.K., Miller R.A.: Age-associated changes in human T cell phenotype and function. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 6: 25-34, 1994.
30. Miller R.A., Garcia G., Kirk C.J., Witkowski J.M.: Early activation defects in T lymphocytes from aged mice. Immunol. Rev. 160: 79-90, 1997.
31. Okumura M., Fujii Y., Inada K., Nakahara K., Matsuda H.: Both CD45RA+ CD45RA- subpopulations of CD8+ T cells contain cells with high levels of lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 expression, a phenotype of primed T cells. J. Immunol. 150: 429-437, 1993.
32. Pahlavani M.A., Richardson A.: The effect of age on the expression of interleukin-2. Mech. Ageing Dev. 89: 125-154, 1996.
33. Frasca D., Pucci S., Goso C., Barattini P., Barile S., Pioli C., Doria G.: Regulation of cytokine production in aging: use of recombinant cytokines to upregulate mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. Mech. Ageing Dev. 93: 157-169, 1997.
34. Shearer G.M.: Th1/Th2 changes in aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 94: 1-5, 1997.
35. Morellini M., Trabace S., Lulli P., Cappellacci S., Brioli G., Orrù D., Pennesi G., Monti D., Cossarizza A., Lambert-Gardini S., Sansoni P., Franceschi C.: HLA antigens and aging. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 663: 499-500, 1992.
36. Krishnaraj R.: Senescence and cytokines modulate the NK cell expression. Mech. Ageing Dev. 96: 89-101, 1997.
37. Powers D.C., Manning M.C., Morley J.E., Flood J.F.: Age-related changes in lymphoproliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, and natural killer activity of senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)-P/8 and SAM-R/1 substrains. Aging Immunol. Infect. Dis. 6: 43-52, 1995.
38. Ligthart G.J., Schuit H.R.E., Hijmans W.: Natural killer function is not diminished in the healthy aged and is proportional to the number of NK cells in the perypheral blood. Immunology 68: 396-402, 1989.
39. Franceschi C., Monti D., Cossarizza A., Fagnono F., Passeri G., Sansoni P.: Aging, longevity and cancer. Studies in Down's syndrome and in centenarians. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 621: 428-440, 1991.
40. Levy S.M., Herberman R.B., Lee J., Whiteside T., Beadle M., Heiden L., Simons A.: Persistently low natural killer cell activity, age, and environmental stress as predictors of infectious morbidity. Natl. Immunol. Cell Growth Regul. 10: 289-307, 1991.
41. Rabatic S., Sabioncello A., Dekaris D., Kardum I.: Age-related changes in functions of peripheral blood phagocytes. Mech. Ageing Dev. 45: 223-229, 1988.
42. Esparza B., Sanchez H., Ruiz M., Barranquero M., Sabino E., Merino F.: Neutrophil function in elderly persons assessed by flow cytometry. Immunol. Invest. 25: 185-190, 1996.
43. Paganelli R., Scala E., Quinti I., Ansotegui I.J.: Humoral immunity in aging. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 6: 143-150, 1994.
44. Klinman N.R., Kline G.H.: The B-cell biology of aging. Immunol. Rev. 160: 103-114, 1997.
45. Ligthart G.J., Radl J., Corberand J.X., Van Nieuwkoop J.E., Van Staalduinen G.J., Van Helmond D.J.W., Hijmans W.: Monoclonal gammopathies in human aging: increased occurrence with age and correlation with healthy status. Mech. Ageing Dev. 52: 235-243, 1990.
46. Louria D.B., Sen P., Sherer C.B., Farrer W.E.: Infections in older patients: a systematic clinical approach. Geriatrics 48: 28-34, 1993.
47. Arreaza E.E., Gibbons J.J., Siskind G.W., Weksler M.E.: Lower antibody response to tetanus toxoid associated with higher auto-anti-idiotypic antibody in old compared with young humans. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 92: 169-173, 1993.
48. Paganelli R., Quinti I., Fagiolo U., Cossarizza A., Ortolani C., Guerra E., Sansoni P., Pucillo L.P., Cozzi E., Bertollo L., Monti D., Franceschi C.: Changes in circulating B cells and immunoglobulin classes and subclasses in a healthy aged population. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 90: 351-354, 1992.
49. Chen X., Keamey J.F.: Generation and function of natural self-reactive B cells. Semin. Immunol. 8: 19-27, 1996.
50. Mariotti S., Sansoni P., Barbesino G., Caturegli P., Monti D., Cossarizza A., Giacomelli T., Passeri G., Fagiolo U., Pinchera A., Franceschi C.: Thyroid and other organ-specific autoantibodies in healthy centenarians. Lancet 339: 1506-1508, 1992.
51. Song H., Price P.W., Cerny J.: Age-related changes in antibody repertoire: contribution from T-cells. Immunol. Rev. 160: 55-62, 1997.
52. Yang X., Sterda J., Cerny J.: Relative contribution of T and B cells to hypermutation and selection of antibody in germinal centers of aged mice. J. Exp. Med. 183: 959-970, 1996.
53. Zheng B., Han S., Takahashi Y., Kelsoe G.: Immunosenescence and germinal center reaction. Immunol. Rev. 160: 63-77, 1997.
54. Doria G., Frasca D.: Genes, immunity, and senescence: looking for a link. Immunol. Rev. 160: 159-170, 1997.
55. Barinaga M.: How long is the human life-span? Science 254: 936-938, 1991.