Orphan nuclear receptors - New ligands and new possibilities

Genes and Development

Volumn 12, Issue 20, 1998, Pages 3149-3155

  Blumberg, Bruce ^a,c   Evans, Ronald M ^a,b  

^a Gene Expression Laboratory   (United States)

^b HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

16ALPHA CYANOPREGNENOLONE; ANDROGEN; ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; BENZOATE X RECEPTOR; BENZOIC ACID; CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; CHOLESTEROL; LIGAND; LINOLEIC ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; PREGNANE X RECEPTOR; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOID X RECEPTOR; STEROID RECEPTOR; TROGLITAZONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; HUMAN; LIGAND BINDING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0032532721     PISSN: 08909369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.20.3149     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Beato, M., P. Herrlich, and G. Schutz. 1995. Steroid hormone receptors: many actors in search of a plot. Cell 83: 851-857.
2. Blumberg, B., D.J. Mangelsdorf, J. Dyck, D.A. Bittner, R.M. Evans, and E.M. De Robertis. 1992. Multiple retinoid-responsive receptors in a single cell: families of RXRs and RARs in the Xenopus egg. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89: 2321-2325.
3. Blumberg, B., H. Kang, J. Bolado, Jr., H. Chen, A.G. Craig, T.A. Moreno, K. Umesono, T. Perlmann, E.M. De Robertis, and R.M. Evans. 1998a. BXR, an embryonic orphan nuclear receptor activated by a novel class of endogenous benzoate metabolites. Genes & Dev. 12: 1269-1277.
4. Blumberg, B., W. Sabbagh, H. Juguilon, J. Bolado, Jr., E.S. Ong, and R.M. Evans. 1998b. SXR, a novel steroid and xenobioticsensing nuclear receptor. Genes & Dev. (this issue).
5. Burger, H.-J., J.D. Schuetz, E.G. Schuetz, and P.S. Guzelian. 1992. Paradoxical transcriptional activation of rat liver cytochrome P-450 3A1 by dexamethasone and the antiglucocorticoid pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile: Analysis by transient transfection into primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89: 2145-2149.
6. Chawla, A., E.J. Schwarz, D.D. Dimaculangen, and M.A. Lazar. 1994. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ: adipose-predominant expression and induction early in adipocyte differentiation. Endocrinology 135: 798-800.
7. Edwards, O.M., R.J. Courtenay-Evans, J.M. Galley, J. Hunter, and A.D. Tait. 1974. Changes in cortisol metabolism following rifampicin therapy. Lancet 2: 548-551.
8. Enmark, E. and J.A. Gustaffson. 1996. Orphan nuclear receptors-the first eight years. Mol. Endocrinol. 10: 1293-1307.
9. Forman, B.M., E. Goode, J. Chen, A.E. Oro, D.J. Bradley, T. Perlmann, D.J. Noonan, L.T. Burka, T. McMorris, W.W. Lamph, R.M. Evans, and C. Weinberger. 1995b. Identification of a nuclear receptor that is identified by farnesol metabolites. Cell 81: 687-693.
10. 12,14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARγ. Cell 83: 803-812.
11. Forman, B.M., K. Umesono, J. Chen, and R.M. Evans. 1995a. Unique response pathways are established by allosteric interactions among nuclear hormone receptors. Cell 81: 541-550.
12. Forman, B.M., B. Ruan, J. Chen, G.J. Schroepfer, Jr., and R.M. Evans. 1997. The orphan receptor LXRα is positively and negatively regulated by distinct products of mevalonate metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 10588-10593.
13. Forman, B.M., I. Tzameli, H.-S. Choi, J. Chen, D. Simha, W. Seol, R.M. Evans, and D.D. Moore. 1998. Androstane metabolites bind to and deactivate the nuclear receptor CARβ. Nature (in press).
14. Giguere, V., N. Yang, P. Segui, and R.M. Evans. 1988. Identification of a new class of steroid hormone receptors. Nature 331: 91-94.
15. Gonzalez, F.J. 1992. Human cytochromes P450: Problems and prospects. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13: 346-352.
16. Gonzalez, F.J., B.-J. Song, and J.P. Hardwick. 1986. Pregnenolone 16a-carbonitrite-inducible P-450 gene family: gene conversion and differential regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6: 2969-2976.
17. Janowski, B.A., P.J. Willy, T.R. Devi, J.A. Falch, and D.J. Mangelsdorf. 1996. An oxysterol signaling pathway mediated by the nuclear receptor LXRα. Nature 383: 728-731.
18. Jiang, C., A.T. Ting, and B. Seed. 1998. PPAR-γ agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines. Nature 391: 82-86.
19. Kastner, P., M. Mark, and P. Chambon. 1995. Nonsteroid nuclear receptors: What are genetic studies telling us about their role in real life. Cell 83: 859-869.
20. Kliewer, S.A., K. Umesono, D.J. Noonam, R.A. Heyman, and R.M. Evans. 1992. Convergence of 9-cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors. Nature 358: 771-774.
21. Kliewer, S.A., J.M. Lenhard, T.M. Willson, I. Patel, D.C. Morris, and T.M. Lehmann. 1995. A prostaglandin J2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Cell 83: 813-819.
22. Kliewer, S.A., J.T. Moore, L. Wade, J.L. Staudinger, M.A. Jones, D.D. McKee, B.M. Oliver, T.M. Willson, R.H. Zetterstrom, T. Perlmann, and J. Lehmann. 1998. An orphan nuclear receptor activated by pregnanes defines a novel steroid signaling pathway. Cell 92: 73-82.
23. Kurokawa, R., J. DiRenzo, M. Boehm, J. Sugarman, B. Gloss, M.G. Rosenfeld, R.A. Heyman, and C.K. Glass. 1994. Regulation of retinoid signalling by receptor polarity and allosteric control of ligand binding. Nature 371: 528-531.
24. Kyriazopoulou, V. and A.G. Vagenakis. 1992. Abnormal overnight dexamethasone suppression test in subjects receiving rifampicin therapy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75: 315-317.
25. Kyriazopoulou, V., O. Parparousi, and A.G. Vagenakis. 1984. Rifampicin-induced adrenal crisis in Addisonian patients receiving corticosteroid replacement therapy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59: 1204-1206.
26. Lehmann, J.M., S.A. Kliewer, L.B. Moore, T.A. Smith-Oliver, B.B. Oliver, J.-L. Su, S.S. Sundseth, D.A. Winegar, D.E. Blanchard, T.A. Spencer, and T.M. Willson. 1997. Activation of the nuclear receptor LXR by oxysterols defines a new hormone response pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 3137-3140.
27. Mangelsdorf, D.J. and R.M. Evans. 1995. The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell 83: 841-850.
28. Mangelsdorf, D.J., C. Thummel, M. Beato, P. Herrlich, G. Schutz, K. Umesono, B. Blumberg, P. Kastner, M. Mark, P. Chambon, and R.M. Evans. 1995. The nuclear receptor superfamily: The second decade. Cell 83: 835-839.
29. Mueller, E., P. Sarraf, P. Tontonoz, R.M. Evans, K.J. Martin, M. Zhang, C. Fletcher, S. Singer, and B.M. Spiegelman. 1998. Terminal differentiation of human breast cancer through PPARγ Mol. Cell 1: 465-470.
30. Mukherjee, F., P.J. Davies, D.L. Crombie, E.D. Bischoff, R.M. Cesario, L. Low, L.G. Hamann, M.F. Boehm, C.E. Mondan, A.M. Nadzan, and R.A. Heyman. 1997. Sensitization of diabetic and obese mice to insulin by retinoid X receptor agonists. Nature 386: 407-410.
31. Nagy, L., P. Tontonoz, J.G.A. Alvarez, H. Chen, and R.M. Evans. 1998. Oxidized LDL regulates macrophage gene expression through ligand activation of PPARγ. Cell 93: 229-240.
32. O'Malley, B. 1990. The steroid receptor superfamily: more excitement predicted for the future. Mol. Endocrinol. 4: 363-369.
33. Peet, D.J., S.D. Turley, W. Ma, B.A. Janowski, J.-M.A. Lobaccaro, R.E. Hammer, and D.J. Mangelsdorf. 1998. Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism are impaired in mice lacking the nuclear oxysterol receptor LXRα. Cell 93: 693-704.
34. Rendic, S. and F.J. Di Carlo. 1997. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes: a status report summarizing their reactions, substrates, inducers and inhibitors. Drug Metab. Rev. 29: 413-580.
35. Ricote, M., A.C. Li, T.M. Willson, C.J. Kelly, and C.K. Glass. 1998. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ is a negative regulator of macrophage activation. Nature 391: 79-82.
36. Schulman, I.G., C. Li, J.W.R. Schwabe, and R.M. Evans. 1997. The phantom ligand effect: allosteric control of transcription by the retinoid X receptor. Genes & Dev. 11: 299-308.
37. Selye, H. 1971. Hormones and resistance. J. Pharm. Sci. 60: 1-28.
38. Smith, D.P., C.S. Mason, E.A. Jones, and R.W. Old. 1994. A novel nuclear receptor superfamily member in Xenopus that associates with RXR, and shares extensive sequence similarity to the mammalian vitamin D3 receptor. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:66-71.
39. Spiegelman, B.M. 1998. PPAR-γ in monocytes: Less pain, any gain? Cell 93: 153-155.
40. Terzolo, M., G. Borretta, A. Ali, F. Cesario, G. Magro, A. Boccuzzi, G. Reimondo, and A. Angeli. 1995. Misdiagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in a patient receiving rifampicin therapy for tuberculosis. Horm. Metab. Res. 27: 148-150.
41. Tontonoz, P., E. Hu, and B.M. Spiegelman. 1994. Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPARγ2, a lipid-activated transcription factor. Cell 79: 1147-1156.
42. Tontonoz, P., L. Nagy, J.G.A. Alvarez, V.A. Thomazy, and R.M. Evans. 1998. PPARγ promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL. Cell 93: 241-252.
43. Willy, P.J. and D.J. Mangelsdorf. 1998. Nuclear orphan receptors: the search for novel ligands and signaling pathways. In Hormones and signaling (ed. B.W. O'Malley), Vol. 1, pp. 307-358, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
44. Willy, P.J., K. Umesono, E.S. Ong, R.M. Evans, R.A. Heyman, and D.J. Mangelsdorf. 1995. LXR, a nuclear receptor that defines a distinct retinoid-response pathway. Genes & Dev. 9: 1033-1045.
45. Zavacki, A.M., J.M. Lehmann, W. Seol, T.M. Willson, S.A. Kliewer, and D.D. Moore. 1997. Activation of the orphan receptor RIP14 by retinoids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 7909-7914.
46. Zawawi, T.H., M.S. al-Hadramy, and S.M. Abdelwahab. 1996. The effects of therapy with rifampicin and isoniazid on basic investigations for Cushing's syndrome. Iran. J. Med. Sci. 165: 300-302.