Efficient and practical method for synthesizing N-heterocyclic compounds using intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions mediated by Ti(O-i-Pr)4/2i-PrMgx reagent. Synthesis of quinolones, pyrroles, indoles, and optically active N-heterocycles including allopumiliotoxin alkaloid 267A

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volumn 119, Issue 30, 1997, Pages 6984-6990

  Okamoto, Sentaro ^a   Iwakubo, Masayuki ^a   Kobayashi, Katsushige ^a   Sato, Fumie ^a  

^a TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND; INDOLE DERIVATIVE; PUMILIOTOXIN; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE;

AGRICULTURE; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; DRUG INDUSTRY; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; SYNTHESIS;

EID: 0030797504     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja970810j     Document Type: Article

References (93)

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6. For reviews: Padwa, A.; Weingarten, M. D. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 223. Harvey, D. F.; Sigano, D. M. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 271. Negishi, E.; Copéret, C.; Ma, S.; Liou, S.-Y.; Liu, F. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 365. Ojima, I.; Tzamarioudaki, M.; Li, Z.; Donovan, R. J. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 635. Fürstner, A.; Bogdanovic, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2442. Ohshiro, Y.; Hirao, T. Heterocycles, 1984, 22, 859. For leading references: Buchwald, S. L.; Wannamaker, M. W.; Watson, B. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 776. Zhang, D.; Liebeskind, L. S. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2594 and see also ref 10b.
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8. For reviews: Padwa, A.; Weingarten, M. D. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 223. Harvey, D. F.; Sigano, D. M. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 271. Negishi, E.; Copéret, C.; Ma, S.; Liou, S.-Y.; Liu, F. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 365. Ojima, I.; Tzamarioudaki, M.; Li, Z.; Donovan, R. J. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 635. Fürstner, A.; Bogdanovic, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2442. Ohshiro, Y.; Hirao, T. Heterocycles, 1984, 22, 859. For leading references: Buchwald, S. L.; Wannamaker, M. W.; Watson, B. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 776. Zhang, D.; Liebeskind, L. S. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2594 and see also ref 10b.
9. For reviews: Padwa, A.; Weingarten, M. D. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 223. Harvey, D. F.; Sigano, D. M. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 271. Negishi, E.; Copéret, C.; Ma, S.; Liou, S.-Y.; Liu, F. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 365. Ojima, I.; Tzamarioudaki, M.; Li, Z.; Donovan, R. J. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 635. Fürstner, A.; Bogdanovic, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2442. Ohshiro, Y.; Hirao, T. Heterocycles, 1984, 22, 859. For leading references: Buchwald, S. L.; Wannamaker, M. W.; Watson, B. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 776. Zhang, D.; Liebeskind, L. S. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2594 and see also ref 10b.
10. For reviews: Padwa, A.; Weingarten, M. D. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 223. Harvey, D. F.; Sigano, D. M. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 271. Negishi, E.; Copéret, C.; Ma, S.; Liou, S.-Y.; Liu, F. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 365. Ojima, I.; Tzamarioudaki, M.; Li, Z.; Donovan, R. J. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 635. Fürstner, A.; Bogdanovic, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2442. Ohshiro, Y.; Hirao, T. Heterocycles, 1984, 22, 859. For leading references: Buchwald, S. L.; Wannamaker, M. W.; Watson, B. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 776. Zhang, D.; Liebeskind, L. S. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2594 and see also ref 10b.
11. 4 and Grignard reagents was first reported by Kulinkovich et al. They utilized this complex as 1,2-bis-anionic species; see: Kulinkovich, O. G.; Sviridov, S. V.; Vasilevski, D. A. Synthesis 1991, 234. For the initial reports on the use of the olefin-titanium complex as a divalent titanium reagent, see: Kasatkin, A.; Nakagawa, T.; Okamoto, S.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3881. Harada, K.; Urabe, H.; Sato, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3203. See, also: Takayanagi, Y.; Yamashita, K.; Yoshida, Y.; Sato, F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 1725.
12. 4 and Grignard reagents was first reported by Kulinkovich et al. They utilized this complex as 1,2-bis-anionic species; see: Kulinkovich, O. G.; Sviridov, S. V.; Vasilevski, D. A. Synthesis 1991, 234. For the initial reports on the use of the olefin-titanium complex as a divalent titanium reagent, see: Kasatkin, A.; Nakagawa, T.; Okamoto, S.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3881. Harada, K.; Urabe, H.; Sato, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3203. See, also: Takayanagi, Y.; Yamashita, K.; Yoshida, Y.; Sato, F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 1725.
13. 4 and Grignard reagents was first reported by Kulinkovich et al. They utilized this complex as 1,2-bis-anionic species; see: Kulinkovich, O. G.; Sviridov, S. V.; Vasilevski, D. A. Synthesis 1991, 234. For the initial reports on the use of the olefin-titanium complex as a divalent titanium reagent, see: Kasatkin, A.; Nakagawa, T.; Okamoto, S.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3881. Harada, K.; Urabe, H.; Sato, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3203. See, also: Takayanagi, Y.; Yamashita, K.; Yoshida, Y.; Sato, F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 1725.
14. 4 and Grignard reagents was first reported by Kulinkovich et al. They utilized this complex as 1,2-bis-anionic species; see: Kulinkovich, O. G.; Sviridov, S. V.; Vasilevski, D. A. Synthesis 1991, 234. For the initial reports on the use of the olefin-titanium complex as a divalent titanium reagent, see: Kasatkin, A.; Nakagawa, T.; Okamoto, S.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3881. Harada, K.; Urabe, H.; Sato, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3203. See, also: Takayanagi, Y.; Yamashita, K.; Yoshida, Y.; Sato, F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 1725.
15. (a) Kasatkin, A.; Okamoto, S.; Sato, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6075.
16. (b) Zubaidha, P. K.; Kasatkin, A.; Sato, F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 197.
17. (c) Okamoto, S.; Kasatkin, A.; Zubaidha, P. K.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2208.
18. (d) Yoshida, Y.; Okamoto, S.; Sato, F. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 7826.
19. (a) Kasatkin, A.; Sato, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6079.
20. (b) Kasatkin, A.; Kobayashi, K.; Okamoto, S.; Sato, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1849.
21. Lee, J.; Kang, C. H.; Kim, H.; Cha, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 291.
22. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
23. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
24. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
25. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
26. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
27. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
28. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
29. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
30. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
31. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
32. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
33. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
34. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
35. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
36. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
37. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
38. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
39. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
40. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996,
41. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
42. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
43. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
44. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
45. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
46. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
47. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
48. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
49. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
50. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
51. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
52. For the transition-metal-based routes to N-heterocyclic compounds via the intramolecular carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, see the following most recent papers and references cited therein: Ti: Hicks, F. A.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11688. Pd: Goeke, A.; Sawamura, M.; Kuwano, R.; Ito, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 662. Comins, D. L.; Joseph, S. P.; Zhang, Y.-mei Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 793. Lemaire-Audoire, S.; Savignac, M.; Dupuis, C.; Genêt, J.-P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2003. Yun, W.; Mohan, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7189. McAlonan, H.; Montgomery, D.; Stevenson, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7151. Rigby, J. H.; Mateo, M. E. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 10569. Jiang, H.; Ma, S.; Zhu, G.; Lu, X. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 10945. Grigg, R.; Sansano, J. M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 13441. Boger, D. L.; Tarby, C. M.; Myers, P. L.; Caporale, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2109. Latham, E. J.; Stanforth, S. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2253. Ni: Solé, D.; Cancho, Y.; Llebaria, A.; Moretó, J. M.; Delgado, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5895. Wender, P. A.; Smith, T. E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 824. Rh: Burgess, K.; Lim, H.-J.; Porte, A. M.; Sulikowski, G. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 220. McMills, M. C.; Wright, D. L. Zubkowski, J. D.; Valente, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7205. Doyle, M. P.; Kalinin, A. V. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2179. Huwe, C. M.; Velder, J.; Blechert, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2376, and see also ref 10b. Ru: Kinoshita, A.; Mori, M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8356. Maarseveen, van J. H.; Hartog, den J. A. J.; Engelen, V.; Finner, E.; Visser, G.; Kruse, C. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8249. Miller, S. J.; Blackwell, H. E.; Grabbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9606. Mo: Barrett, A. G. M.; Baugh, S. P. D.; Gibson, V. C.; Giles, M. R.; Marshall, E. L.; Procopiou, P. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 55. Martin, S. F.; Chen, H.-J.; Courtney, A. K.; Liao, Y.; Päzel. M. Ramser, M. N.; Wagman, A. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7251. Co: Krafft, M. E.; Wilson, A. M.; Dasse, O. A.; Shao, B.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Fu, Z.; Bonaga, L. V. R.; Mollman, M. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6080. Alcaide, B.; Polanco, C.; Sierra, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6901. Cu: Kondo, Y.; Matsudaira, T.; Sato, J.; Murata, N.; Sakamoto, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 736. Baldovini, N.; Bertrand, M.-P.; Carriere, A.; Nouguier, R.; Plancher, J.-M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3205. Lim, H.-J.; Sulikowski, G. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5243. Mn: Galazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069. Sm, Y: Ha, D.-C.; Yun, C-S.; Yu, E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2577. Aoyagi, Y.; Manabe, T.; Ohta, A.; Kurihara, T.; Pang, G.-L.; Yuhara, T. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 869. Molander, G. A.; Nichols, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6040.
53. For a preliminary account of this work, see ref 5b.
54. Reviews on synthesis and utility of quinolones, see: Meth-Cohn, O. Heterocycles 1993, 35, 539. Radl, S.; Bouzard, D. Heterocycles 1992, 34, 2143. Jones, G. In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry; Katritzky, A. R., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 2, pp 395-510. For some recent examples for synthesis of quinolones: Roy, K.; Srivastava, R. P.; Tekwani, B. L.; Pandey, V. C.; Bhaduri, A. P. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 121. Gao, F.; Johnson, K. F.; Schlenoff, J. B. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1996, 269.
55. Reviews on synthesis and utility of quinolones, see: Meth-Cohn, O. Heterocycles 1993, 35, 539. Radl, S.; Bouzard, D. Heterocycles 1992, 34, 2143. Jones, G. In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry; Katritzky, A. R., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 2, pp 395-510. For some recent examples for synthesis of quinolones: Roy, K.; Srivastava, R. P.; Tekwani, B. L.; Pandey, V. C.; Bhaduri, A. P. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 121. Gao, F.; Johnson, K. F.; Schlenoff, J. B. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1996, 269.
56. Reviews on synthesis and utility of quinolones, see: Meth-Cohn, O. Heterocycles 1993, 35, 539. Radl, S.; Bouzard, D. Heterocycles 1992, 34, 2143. Jones, G. In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry; Katritzky, A. R., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 2, pp 395-510. For some recent examples for synthesis of quinolones: Roy, K.; Srivastava, R. P.; Tekwani, B. L.; Pandey, V. C.; Bhaduri, A. P. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 121. Gao, F.; Johnson, K. F.; Schlenoff, J. B. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1996, 269.
57. Reviews on synthesis and utility of quinolones, see: Meth-Cohn, O. Heterocycles 1993, 35, 539. Radl, S.; Bouzard, D. Heterocycles 1992, 34, 2143. Jones, G. In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry; Katritzky, A. R., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 2, pp 395-510. For some recent examples for synthesis of quinolones: Roy, K.; Srivastava, R. P.; Tekwani, B. L.; Pandey, V. C.; Bhaduri, A. P. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 121. Gao, F.; Johnson, K. F.; Schlenoff, J. B. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1996, 269.
58. Reviews on synthesis and utility of quinolones, see: Meth-Cohn, O. Heterocycles 1993, 35, 539. Radl, S.; Bouzard, D. Heterocycles 1992, 34, 2143. Jones, G. In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry; Katritzky, A. R., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 2, pp 395-510. For some recent examples for synthesis of quinolones: Roy, K.; Srivastava, R. P.; Tekwani, B. L.; Pandey, V. C.; Bhaduri, A. P. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 121. Gao, F.; Johnson, K. F.; Schlenoff, J. B. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1996, 269.
59. For some recent approaches to fused [1,2-a]indoles, see: (a) Caddick, S.; Aboutayab, K.; Jenkins, K.; West, R. I. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1996, 675. (b) Wee, A. G. H.; Slobodian, J. J. Org. Chem. 1996,-61, 2897 and references cited therein. For a review of earlier approaches, see: Verboom, W.; Reinhoudt, D. N. Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1986, 105, 199.
60. For some recent approaches to fused [1,2-a]indoles, see: (a) Caddick, S.; Aboutayab, K.; Jenkins, K.; West, R. I. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1996, 675. (b) Wee, A. G. H.; Slobodian, J. J. Org. Chem. 1996,-61, 2897 and references cited therein. For a review of earlier approaches, see: Verboom, W.; Reinhoudt, D. N. Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1986, 105, 199.
61. For some recent approaches to fused [1,2-a]indoles, see: (a) Caddick, S.; Aboutayab, K.; Jenkins, K.; West, R. I. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1996, 675. (b) Wee, A. G. H.; Slobodian, J. J. Org. Chem. 1996,-61, 2897 and references cited therein. For a review of earlier approaches, see: Verboom, W.; Reinhoudt, D. N. Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1986, 105, 199.
62. Tietze, L. F.; Kettschau, G.; Heitmann, K. Synthesis 1996, 851 and references cited therein.
63. For a review for synthesis of fused [1,2-a]pyrroles, see: Flitsch, W. In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry; Katritzky, A. R., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 3, pp 443-495. For recent syntheses, see: Barluenga, J.; Tomás, M.; Kouznetsov, V.; Suárez-Sobrino, A.; Rubio, E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2185 and references cited therein.
64. For a review for synthesis of fused [1,2-a]pyrroles, see: Flitsch, W. In Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry; Katritzky, A. R., Rees, C. W., Eds.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 3, pp 443-495. For recent syntheses, see: Barluenga, J.; Tomás, M.; Kouznetsov, V.; Suárez-Sobrino, A.; Rubio, E. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2185 and references cited therein.
65. For the synthetic utility of 1-hydroxybicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes: Reviews: Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1985, 43, 112. Nakamura, E. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1989, 47, 931. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. Top. Curr. Chem. 1990, 133, 1. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1991; Vol. 2, pp 441-454. A leading reference: Sugimura, T.; Futagawa, T.; Mori, A.; Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N.; Tai, A. J Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6100.
66. For the synthetic utility of 1-hydroxybicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes: Reviews: Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1985, 43, 112. Nakamura, E. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1989, 47, 931. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. Top. Curr. Chem. 1990, 133, 1. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1991; Vol. 2, pp 441-454. A leading reference: Sugimura, T.; Futagawa, T.; Mori, A.; Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N.; Tai, A. J Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6100.
67. For the synthetic utility of 1-hydroxybicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes: Reviews: Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1985, 43, 112. Nakamura, E. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1989, 47, 931. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. Top. Curr. Chem. 1990, 133, 1. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1991; Vol. 2, pp 441-454. A leading reference: Sugimura, T.; Futagawa, T.; Mori, A.; Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N.; Tai, A. J Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6100.
68. For the synthetic utility of 1-hydroxybicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes: Reviews: Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1985, 43, 112. Nakamura, E. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1989, 47, 931. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. Top. Curr. Chem. 1990, 133, 1. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1991; Vol. 2, pp 441-454. A leading reference: Sugimura, T.; Futagawa, T.; Mori, A.; Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N.; Tai, A. J Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6100.
69. For the synthetic utility of 1-hydroxybicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes: Reviews: Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1985, 43, 112. Nakamura, E. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1989, 47, 931. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. Top. Curr. Chem. 1990, 133, 1. Kuwajima, I.; Nakamura, E. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1991; Vol. 2, pp 441-454. A leading reference: Sugimura, T.; Futagawa, T.; Mori, A.; Ryu, I.; Sonoda, N.; Tai, A. J Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6100.
70. For the reaction of conjugated enones, see: Patai, S.; Rappopott Z., Eds. The Chemistry of Enones; Wiley: Chichester, 1989; Vol 1. Ullenius, C.; Christenson, B. Pure Appl. Chem. 1988, 60, 57.
71. For the reaction of conjugated enones, see: Patai, S.; Rappopott Z., Eds. The Chemistry of Enones; Wiley: Chichester, 1989; Vol 1. Ullenius, C.; Christenson, B. Pure Appl. Chem. 1988, 60, 57.
72. Davies, S. G.; Hedgecock, C. J. R.; McKenna, J. M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 827 and references cited therein.
73. Recent review: Tisler, M.; Kolar, P. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1995, 64, 1.
74. Synthesis of N-heterocycles from amino acids by Dieckmann condensation which involves the connection at the acid group directly by using its reactivity has been reported: King, F. E.; King, T. J.; Warwick, A. J. J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 3590. Brochmann, H.; Stahler, E. A. Naturwissenschaften 1965, 52, 391. Katz, E.; Mason, K. T.; Mauger, A. B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1975, 63, 502. Hershenson, F. M. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1260. Imai, N.; Terao, Y.; Achiwa, K.; Sekiya, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 1579.
75. Synthesis of N-heterocycles from amino acids by Dieckmann condensation which involves the connection at the acid group directly by using its reactivity has been reported: King, F. E.; King, T. J.; Warwick, A. J. J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 3590. Brochmann, H.; Stahler, E. A. Naturwissenschaften 1965, 52, 391. Katz, E.; Mason, K. T.; Mauger, A. B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1975, 63, 502. Hershenson, F. M. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1260. Imai, N.; Terao, Y.; Achiwa, K.; Sekiya, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 1579.
76. Synthesis of N-heterocycles from amino acids by Dieckmann condensation which involves the connection at the acid group directly by using its reactivity has been reported: King, F. E.; King, T. J.; Warwick, A. J. J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 3590. Brochmann, H.; Stahler, E. A. Naturwissenschaften 1965, 52, 391. Katz, E.; Mason, K. T.; Mauger, A. B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1975, 63, 502. Hershenson, F. M. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1260. Imai, N.; Terao, Y.; Achiwa, K.; Sekiya, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 1579.
77. Synthesis of N-heterocycles from amino acids by Dieckmann condensation which involves the connection at the acid group directly by using its reactivity has been reported: King, F. E.; King, T. J.; Warwick, A. J. J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 3590. Brochmann, H.; Stahler, E. A. Naturwissenschaften 1965, 52, 391. Katz, E.; Mason, K. T.; Mauger, A. B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1975, 63, 502. Hershenson, F. M. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1260. Imai, N.; Terao, Y.; Achiwa, K.; Sekiya, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 1579.
78. Synthesis of N-heterocycles from amino acids by Dieckmann condensation which involves the connection at the acid group directly by using its reactivity has been reported: King, F. E.; King, T. J.; Warwick, A. J. J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 3590. Brochmann, H.; Stahler, E. A. Naturwissenschaften 1965, 52, 391. Katz, E.; Mason, K. T.; Mauger, A. B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1975, 63, 502. Hershenson, F. M. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1260. Imai, N.; Terao, Y.; Achiwa, K.; Sekiya, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 1579.
79. See Experimental Section.
80. Daly, J. W.; Spande, T. F. In Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives; Pelletier, S. W., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1986; Vol. 4, Chapter 1. Daly, J. W.; Garraffo, H. M.; Spande, T. F. Alkaloids 1993, 43, 185.
81. Daly, J. W.; Spande, T. F. In Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives; Pelletier, S. W., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1986; Vol. 4, Chapter 1. Daly, J. W.; Garraffo, H. M.; Spande, T. F. Alkaloids 1993, 43, 185.
82. (a) Overman, L. E.; Goldstein, S. W.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 5360.
83. (b) Overman, L. E.; Robinson, L. A.; Zablocki, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 368.
84. (c) Goldstein, S. W.; Overman, L. E.; Rabinowitz, M. H. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1179.
85. (d) Caderas, C.; Lett, R.; Overman, L. E.; Rabinowitz, M. H.; Robinson, L. A.; Sharp, M. J.; Zablocki, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9073.
86. (e) Trost, B. M.; Scanlan, T. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4988.
87. (f) Aoyagi, S.; Wang. T.-C.; Kibayashi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10653.
88. (g) Aoyagi, S.; Wang, T.-C.; Kibayashi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11393. For a review of the total synthesis of pumiliotoxin A and allopumiliotoxin alkaloids: Franklin, A. S.; Overman, L. E. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 505.
89. (g) Aoyagi, S.; Wang, T.-C.; Kibayashi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11393. For a review of the total synthesis of pumiliotoxin A and allopumiliotoxin alkaloids: Franklin, A. S.; Overman, L. E. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 505.
90. 20f,g
91. 3.
92. Because of the presence of a hydroxyl group in 24, 1 equiv excess of i-PrMgC1 was used.
93. 20c,8