메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 2-3, 2003, Pages 193-208

Birth of 'human-specific' genes during primate evolution

Author keywords

Anthropoids; Molecular evolution; Primates; Retroposition; Segmental duplications

Indexed keywords

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; CHROMOSOME MAPPING; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; GENE DUPLICATION; HUMANS; PHYLOGENY; PRIMATES; RETROELEMENTS;

EID: 0012644151     PISSN: 00166707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1024157714736     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (46)

References (117)
  • 2
    • 0026616481 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and environment in the Hominoidea
    • Andrews, P., 1992. Evolution and environment in the Hominoidea. Nature 360: 641-646.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 641-646
    • Andrews, P.1
  • 3
    • 0033994214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of α2-fucosyltransferase genes in primates: Relation between an intronic Alu-Y element and red cell expression of ABH antigens
    • Apoil, P.-A., F. Roubinet, S. Despiau, R. Mollicone, R. Oriol & A. Blancher, 2000. Evolution of α2-fucosyltransferase genes in primates: relation between an intronic Alu-Y element and red cell expression of ABH antigens. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 337-351.
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 337-351
    • Apoil, P.-A.1    Roubinet, F.2    Despiau, S.3    Mollicone, R.4    Oriol, R.5    Blancher, A.6
  • 4
    • 0035228079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-chromosome inactivation: Counting, choice and initiation
    • Avner, P. & E. Heard, 2001. X-chromosome inactivation: counting, choice and initiation. Nature Genetics 2: 59-78.
    • (2001) Nature Genetics , vol.2 , pp. 59-78
    • Avner, P.1    Heard, E.2
  • 5
    • 0034831138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmental duplications: Organization and impact within the current human genome project assembly
    • Bailey, J.A., A.M. Yavor, H.F. Massa, B.J. Trask & E.E. Eichler, 2001. Segmental duplications: organization and impact within the current human genome project assembly. Genome Res. 11: 1005-1017.
    • (2001) Genome Res. , vol.11 , pp. 1005-1017
    • Bailey, J.A.1    Yavor, A.M.2    Massa, H.F.3    Trask, B.J.4    Eichler, E.E.5
  • 9
    • 0036097187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the Phosphoglycerate mutase processed gene in human and chimpanzee revealing the origin of a new primate gene
    • Betrán, E., W. Wang, L. Jin & M. Long, 2002. Evolution of the Phosphoglycerate mutase processed gene in human and chimpanzee revealing the origin of a new primate gene. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19: 654-663.
    • (2002) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 654-663
    • Betrán, E.1    Wang, W.2    Jin, L.3    Long, M.4
  • 10
    • 0036468841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting language genes in perspective
    • Bishop, D.V.M., 2002. Putting language genes in perspective. Trends Genet. 18: 57-59.
    • (2002) Trends Genet. , vol.18 , pp. 57-59
    • Bishop, D.V.M.1
  • 11
    • 0026766094 scopus 로고
    • The melanin-concentrating hormone system of the rat brain: An immuno- and hybridization histochemical characterization
    • Bittencourt, J.C., F. Presse, C. Arias, C. Peto, J. Vaughan, J.L. Nahon, W. Vale & P.E. Sawchenko, 1992. The melanin-concentrating hormone system of the rat brain: an immuno- and hybridization histochemical characterization. J. Comp. Neurol. 319: 218-245.
    • (1992) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.319 , pp. 218-245
    • Bittencourt, J.C.1    Presse, F.2    Arias, C.3    Peto, C.4    Vaughan, J.5    Nahon, J.L.6    Vale, W.7    Sawchenko, P.E.8
  • 12
    • 0031135862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LINEs and Alus - The polyA connection
    • Boeke, J.D., 1997. LINEs and Alus - the polyA connection. Nature Genet. 16: 6-7.
    • (1997) Nature Genet. , vol.16 , pp. 6-7
    • Boeke, J.D.1
  • 14
    • 0034086210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon evolution and amplification in recent human history
    • Boissinot, S., P. Chevret & A.V. Furano, 2000. L1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon evolution and amplification in recent human history. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 915-928.
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 915-928
    • Boissinot, S.1    Chevret, P.2    Furano, A.V.3
  • 15
    • 0034704087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The AROM gene: Spliced mRNAs encoding new DNA/RNA binding proteins are transcribed from the opposite strand of the melanin-concentrating hormone gene in mammals
    • Borsu, L., F. Presse & J.L. Nahon, 2000. The AROM gene: spliced mRNAs encoding new DNA/RNA binding proteins are transcribed from the opposite strand of the melanin-concentrating hormone gene in mammals. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 40576-40587.
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 40576-40587
    • Borsu, L.1    Presse, F.2    Nahon, J.L.3
  • 16
    • 0027270363 scopus 로고
    • Structure and regulation of the mouse melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA and gene
    • Breton, C., F. Presse, G. Hervieu & J.L. Nahon, 1993a. Structure and regulation of the mouse melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA and gene. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 4: 271-284.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 271-284
    • Breton, C.1    Presse, F.2    Hervieu, G.3    Nahon, J.L.4
  • 17
    • 0027276608 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of the human melanin-concentrating hormone gene and a variant gene
    • Breton, C., M. Schorpp & J.L. Nahon, 1993b. Isolation and characterization of the human melanin-concentrating hormone gene and a variant gene. Mol. Brain. Res. 18: 297-310.
    • (1993) Mol. Brain. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 297-310
    • Breton, C.1    Schorpp, M.2    Nahon, J.L.3
  • 18
    • 0032865868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNAs from all categories generate retrosequences that may be exapted as novel genes or regulatory elements
    • Brosius, J., 1999. RNAs from all categories generate retrosequences that may be exapted as novel genes or regulatory elements. Gene 238: 115-134.
    • (1999) Gene , vol.238 , pp. 115-134
    • Brosius, J.1
  • 19
    • 0026447994 scopus 로고
    • On "genomenclature": A comprehensive (and respectful) taxonomy for pseudogenes and other "junk DNA"
    • Brosius, J. & S.J. Gould, 1992. On "genomenclature": a comprehensive (and respectful) taxonomy for pseudogenes and other "junk DNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10706-10710.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 10706-10710
    • Brosius, J.1    Gould, S.J.2
  • 22
    • 0035837421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scalable architecture in mammalian brains
    • Clark, D.A., P.P. Mitra & S.S.-H. Wang, 2001. Scalable architecture in mammalian brains. Nature 411: 189-193.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 189-193
    • Clark, D.A.1    Mitra, P.P.2    Wang, S.S.-H.3
  • 23
    • 0035895567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth of two chimeric genes in the Hominidae lineage
    • Courseaux, A. & J.L. Nahon, 2001. Birth of two chimeric genes in the Hominidae lineage. Science 291: 1293-1297.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1293-1297
    • Courseaux, A.1    Nahon, J.L.2
  • 26
    • 0030813818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional difference between the human LINE retrotransposon and retroviral reverse transcriptases for in vivo mRNA reverse transcriptase
    • Dhellin, O., J. Maestre & T. Heidmann, 1997. Functional difference between the human LINE retrotransposon and retroviral reverse transcriptases for in vivo mRNA reverse transcriptase. EMBO J. 16: 6590-6602.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 6590-6602
    • Dhellin, O.1    Maestre, J.2    Heidmann, T.3
  • 27
    • 0030722234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phosphoglycerate mutase brain isoform (PGAMI) pseudogene is localized within the human Menkes disease gene (ATP7A)
    • Dierick, H.A., J.F.B. Mercer & T.W. Glover, 1997. A phosphoglycerate mutase brain isoform (PGAMI) pseudogene is localized within the human Menkes disease gene (ATP7A). Gene 198: 37-41.
    • (1997) Gene , vol.198 , pp. 37-41
    • Dierick, H.A.1    Mercer, J.F.B.2    Glover, T.W.3
  • 29
    • 0032006747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of "bricolage"
    • Duboulle, D. & A.S. Wilkins, 1998. The evolution of "bricolage". Trends Genet. 14: 54-58.
    • (1998) Trends Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 54-58
    • Duboulle, D.1    Wilkins, A.S.2
  • 30
    • 0018427309 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal evolution in primates: Tentative phylogeny from Microcebus murinus (Prosimian) to man
    • Dutrillaux, B., 1979. Chromosomal evolution in primates: tentative phylogeny from Microcebus murinus (Prosimian) to man. Human. Genet. 48: 251-314.
    • (1979) Human. Genet. , vol.48 , pp. 251-314
    • Dutrillaux, B.1
  • 31
    • 0031692007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masquerading repeats: Paralogous pitfalls of the human genome
    • Eichler, E.E., 1998. Masquerading repeats: paralogous pitfalls of the human genome. Genome Res. 8: 758-762.
    • (1998) Genome Res. , vol.8 , pp. 758-762
    • Eichler, E.E.1
  • 32
    • 0035500899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent duplication, domain accretion and the dynamic mutation of the human genome
    • Eichler, E.E., 2001. Recent duplication, domain accretion and the dynamic mutation of the human genome. Trends Genet. 17: 661-669.
    • (2001) Trends Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 661-669
    • Eichler, E.E.1
  • 33
    • 0035487212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmental duplications: An "expanding" role in genomic instability and disease
    • Emanuel, B.S. & T.H. Shaikh, 2001. Segmental duplications: an "expanding" role in genomic instability and disease. Nature Rev. Genet. 2: 791-800.
    • (2001) Nature Rev. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 791-800
    • Emanuel, B.S.1    Shaikh, T.H.2
  • 34
    • 0023869845 scopus 로고
    • Overlapping two genes in human DNA: A salivary amylase gene overlaps with a gamma-actin pseudogene that carries an integrated human endogenous retroviral DNA
    • Emi, M., A. Horii, N. Tomita, T. Nishide, M. Ogawa, T. Mori & K. Matsubara, 1988. Overlapping two genes in human DNA: a salivary amylase gene overlaps with a gamma-actin pseudogene that carries an integrated human endogenous retroviral DNA. Gene 62: 229-235.
    • (1988) Gene , vol.62 , pp. 229-235
    • Emi, M.1    Horii, A.2    Tomita, N.3    Nishide, T.4    Ogawa, M.5    Mori, T.6    Matsubara, K.7
  • 38
    • 0034079713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human LINE retrotransposons generate processed pseudogenes
    • Esnault, C., J. Maestre & T. Heidmann, 2000. Human LINE retrotransposons generate processed pseudogenes. Nature Genet. 24: 363-367.
    • (2000) Nature Genet. , vol.24 , pp. 363-367
    • Esnault, C.1    Maestre, J.2    Heidmann, T.3
  • 39
    • 0033152214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potential imprint control element identification of a conserved 42 bp sequence upstream of H19
    • Frevel, M.A.E., J.J. Homberg & A.E. Reeve, 1999. A potential imprint control element identification of a conserved 42 bp sequence upstream of H19. Trends Genet. 15: 216-218.
    • (1999) Trends Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 216-218
    • Frevel, M.A.E.1    Homberg, J.J.2    Reeve, A.E.3
  • 41
    • 0035147623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differences between humans and Great Apes
    • Gagneux, P. & A. Varki, 2001. Genetic differences between humans and Great Apes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 18: 2-13.
    • (2001) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 2-13
    • Gagneux, P.1    Varki, A.2
  • 42
    • 0032483445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which of our genes make us human?
    • Gibbons, A., 1998. Which of our genes make us human? Science 281: 1432-1434.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1432-1434
    • Gibbons, A.1
  • 43
    • 0037083561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of the first Hominids
    • Gibbons, A., 2002a. In search of the first Hominids. Science 295: 1214-1219.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 1214-1219
    • Gibbons, A.1
  • 44
    • 0037013344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humans' head start: New views of brain evolution
    • Gibbons, A., 2002b. Humans' head start: new views of brain evolution. Science 296: 835-837.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 835-837
    • Gibbons, A.1
  • 45
    • 0342858851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature and structure of human genes that generate retropseudogenes
    • Gonçalves, I., L. Duret & D. Mouchiroud, 2000. Nature and structure of human genes that generate retropseudogenes. Genome Res. 10: 672-678.
    • (2000) Genome Res. , vol.10 , pp. 672-678
    • Gonçalves, I.1    Duret, L.2    Mouchiroud, D.3
  • 46
    • 0033360816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evolution '99. The genomic record of humankind's evolutionary roots
    • Goodman, M., 1999. Molecular evolution '99. The genomic record of humankind's evolutionary roots. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64: 31-39.
    • (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.64 , pp. 31-39
    • Goodman, M.1
  • 48
    • 0035500619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome of the apes
    • Hacia, J.G., 2001. Genome of the apes. Trends Genet. 17: 637-645.
    • (2001) Trends Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 637-645
    • Hacia, J.G.1
  • 49
    • 0033997957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular adaptation of alanine: Glyoxylate aminotransferase targeting in primates
    • Holbrook, J.D., G.M. Birdsey, Z. Yang, M.W. Bruford & C.J. Danpure, 2000. Molecular adaptation of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase targeting in primates. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 387-400.
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 387-400
    • Holbrook, J.D.1    Birdsey, G.M.2    Yang, Z.3    Bruford, M.W.4    Danpure, C.J.5
  • 50
    • 0028909092 scopus 로고
    • Origin and evolution of HLA class I pseudogenes
    • Hughes, A.L., 1995. Origin and evolution of HLA class I pseudogenes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12: 247-258.
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 247-258
    • Hughes, A.L.1
  • 51
    • 2042437650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
    • IHGSC, 2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409: 860-921.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 860-921
  • 52
    • 0029902156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichromatic colour vision in New World monkeys
    • Jacobs, G.H., M. Neitz, J.F. Deegan & J. Neitz, 1996. Trichromatic colour vision in New World monkeys. Nature 382: 156-158.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 156-158
    • Jacobs, G.H.1    Neitz, M.2    Deegan, J.F.3    Neitz, J.4
  • 54
    • 0034028921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of chromosomal duplicons and their role in mediating human genomic disorders
    • Ji, Y., E.E. Eichler, S. Schwartz & R.D. Nicholls, 2000. Structure of chromosomal duplicons and their role in mediating human genomic disorders. Genome Res. 10: 597-610.
    • (2000) Genome Res. , vol.10 , pp. 597-610
    • Ji, Y.1    Eichler, E.E.2    Schwartz, S.3    Nicholls, R.D.4
  • 56
    • 0036198150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetical history of humans and the great apes
    • Kaessmann, H. & S. Pääbo, 2002. The genetical history of humans and the great apes. J. Intern. Med. 251: 1-18.
    • (2002) J. Intern. Med. , vol.251 , pp. 1-18
    • Kaessmann, H.1    Pääbo, S.2
  • 59
    • 17344370076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of L1 retrotransposons on the human genome
    • Kazazian Jr., H.H. & J.V. Moran, 1998. The impact of L1 retrotransposons on the human genome. Nature Genet. 19: 19-24.
    • (1998) Nature Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 19-24
    • Kazazian H.H., Jr.1    Moran, J.V.2
  • 60
    • 0034730317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noncoding RNA genes in dosage compensation and imprinting
    • Kelley, R.L. & M.I. Kuroda, 2000. Noncoding RNA genes in dosage compensation and imprinting. Cell 103: 9-12.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.103 , pp. 9-12
    • Kelley, R.L.1    Kuroda, M.I.2
  • 61
    • 0031888043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterochrony and allometry: The analysis of evolutionary change in ontogeny
    • Klingenberg, C.P., 1998. Heterochrony and allometry: the analysis of evolutionary change in ontogeny. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 73: 79-123.
    • (1998) Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 79-123
    • Klingenberg, C.P.1
  • 63
    • 0035807360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder
    • Lai, C.S.L., S.E. Fisher, J.A. Hurst, F. Vargha-Khadem & A.P. Monaco, 2001. A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413: 519-523.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 519-523
    • Lai, C.S.L.1    Fisher, S.E.2    Hurst, J.A.3    Vargha-Khadem, F.4    Monaco, A.P.5
  • 66
    • 0028812154 scopus 로고
    • Genes for SMA: Multum in parvo
    • Lewin, B., 1995. Genes for SMA: multum in parvo. Cell 80: 1-5.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 1-5
    • Lewin, B.1
  • 67
    • 0033665026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new function evolved from gene fusion
    • Long, M., 2000. A new function evolved from gene fusion. Genome Res. 10: 1655-1657.
    • (2000) Genome Res. , vol.10 , pp. 1655-1657
    • Long, M.1
  • 68
    • 0035546224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of novel genes
    • Long, M., 2001. Evolution of novel genes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11: 673-680.
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 673-680
    • Long, M.1
  • 69
    • 0027284770 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the vertebrate genome as reflected in paralogous chromosomal regions in man and the house mouse
    • Lundin, L.G., 1993. Evolution of the vertebrate genome as reflected in paralogous chromosomal regions in man and the house mouse. Genomics 16: 1-19.
    • (1993) Genomics , vol.16 , pp. 1-19
    • Lundin, L.G.1
  • 70
    • 0034634395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes
    • Lynch, M. & J.S. Conery, 2000. The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes. Science 290: 1151-1155.
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 1151-1155
    • Lynch, M.1    Conery, J.S.2
  • 71
    • 0023091937 scopus 로고
    • Human testis-specific PGK gene lacks introns and possesses characteristics of a processed gene
    • McCarrey, J.R. & K. Thomas, 1987. Human testis-specific PGK gene lacks introns and possesses characteristics of a processed gene. Nature 326: 501-505.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 501-505
    • McCarrey, J.R.1    Thomas, K.2
  • 74
    • 0027340263 scopus 로고
    • Primate origins: Plugging the gaps
    • Martin, R.D., 1993. Primate origins: plugging the gaps. Nature 363: 223-234.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 223-234
    • Martin, R.D.1
  • 75
    • 0037012880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity and stability in topology of protein networks
    • Maslow, S. & K. Sneppen, 2002. Specificity and stability in topology of protein networks. Science 296: 910-913.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 910-913
    • Maslow, S.1    Sneppen, K.2
  • 76
    • 0034882101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of controlled multitasked gene networks: The role of introns and other noncoding RNAs in the development of complex organisms
    • Mattick, J.S. & M.J. Gagen, 2001. The evolution of controlled multitasked gene networks: the role of introns and other noncoding RNAs in the development of complex organisms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18: 1611-1630.
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 1611-1630
    • Mattick, J.S.1    Gagen, M.J.2
  • 77
    • 0031225287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human genome evolution project is needed
    • McConkey, E.H. & M. Goodman, 1997. A human genome evolution project is needed. Trends Genet. 13: 350-351.
    • (1997) Trends Genet. , vol.13 , pp. 350-351
    • McConkey, E.H.1    Goodman, M.2
  • 78
    • 0031033277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic adaptive evolution of primate lysozymes
    • Messier, W. & C.-B. Stewart, 1997. Episodic adaptive evolution of primate lysozymes. Nature 385: 151-154.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 151-154
    • Messier, W.1    Stewart, C.-B.2
  • 80
    • 0032563721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antisense expression of the human pro-melanin-concentrating hormone genes
    • Miller, C.L., M. Burmeister & R.C. Thompson, 1998. Antisense expression of the human pro-melanin-concentrating hormone genes. Brain Res. 803: 86-94.
    • (1998) Brain Res. , vol.803 , pp. 86-94
    • Miller, C.L.1    Burmeister, M.2    Thompson, R.C.3
  • 81
    • 0037169089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New fossils and a glimpse of evolution
    • Moffat, A.S., 2002. New fossils and a glimpse of evolution. Science 295: 613-615.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 613-615
    • Moffat, A.S.1
  • 84
    • 0028153289 scopus 로고
    • The melanin-concentrating hormone: From the peptide to the gene
    • Nahon, J.L., 1994. The melanin-concentrating hormone: from the peptide to the gene. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 8: 221-262.
    • (1994) Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. , vol.8 , pp. 221-262
    • Nahon, J.L.1
  • 85
    • 0024418313 scopus 로고
    • The rat melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA encodes multiple putative neuropeptides coexpressed in the dorsolateral hypothalamus
    • Nahon, J.L., F. Presse, J.C. Bittencourt, P. Sawchenko & W. Vale. 1989. The rat melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA encodes multiple putative neuropeptides coexpressed in the dorsolateral hypothalamus. Endocrinology 125: 2056-2065.
    • (1989) Endocrinology , vol.125 , pp. 2056-2065
    • Nahon, J.L.1    Presse, F.2    Bittencourt, J.C.3    Sawchenko, P.4    Vale, W.5
  • 86
    • 0022695490 scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of human color vision: The genes encoding blue, green and red pigments
    • Nathans, J., D. Thomas & D.S. Hogness, 1986. Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green and red pigments. Science 232: 193-202.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 193-202
    • Nathans, J.1    Thomas, D.2    Hogness, D.S.3
  • 87
    • 0030791307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution by the birth-and-death process in multigene families of the vertebrate immune system
    • Nei, M., X. Gu & T. Sitnikova, 1997. Evolution by the birth-and-death process in multigene families of the vertebrate immune system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 7799-7806.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.94 , pp. 7799-7806
    • Nei, M.1    Gu, X.2    Sitnikova, T.3
  • 88
    • 0035500898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transposable elements are found in a large number of human protein-coding genes
    • Nekrutenko, A. & W.-H. Li, 2001. Transposable elements are found in a large number of human protein-coding genes. Trends Genet. 17: 619-621.
    • (2001) Trends Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 619-621
    • Nekrutenko, A.1    Li, W.-H.2
  • 89
    • 0035815421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative genomics: Gene expression differs in human and chimp brains
    • Normile, D., 2001. Comparative genomics: gene expression differs in human and chimp brains. Science 292: 44-45.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 44-45
    • Normile, D.1
  • 90
    • 0028157364 scopus 로고
    • Assignment of the human pro-melanin-concentrating hormone gene (PMCH) to chromosome 12q23-q24 and two variant genes (PMCHL1 and PMCHL2) to chromosome 5p14 and 5q12-q13
    • Pedeutour, F., C. Szpirer & J.L. Nahon, 1994. Assignment of the human pro-melanin-concentrating hormone gene (PMCH) to chromosome 12q23-q24 and two variant genes (PMCHL1 and PMCHL2) to chromosome 5p14 and 5q12-q13. Genomics 19: 31-37.
    • (1994) Genomics , vol.19 , pp. 31-37
    • Pedeutour, F.1    Szpirer, C.2    Nahon, J.L.3
  • 91
    • 0032067505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating times of divergence with a change of rate: The orangutan/african ape divergence
    • Penny, D., R.P. Murray-Mclntosh & M.D. Hendy, 1998. Estimating times of divergence with a change of rate: the orangutan/african ape divergence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15: 608-610.
    • (1998) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 608-610
    • Penny, D.1    Murray-Mclntosh, R.P.2    Hendy, M.D.3
  • 92
    • 0031574346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium increases melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA stability and inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in PC12 cells
    • Presse, F., B. Cardona, L. Borsu & J.L. Nahon, 1997. Lithium increases melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA stability and inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in PC12 cells. Mol. Brain Res. 52: 270-283.
    • (1997) Mol. Brain Res. , vol.52 , pp. 270-283
    • Presse, F.1    Cardona, B.2    Borsu, L.3    Nahon, J.L.4
  • 94
    • 0025611999 scopus 로고
    • Integrated phylogeny of the primate brain, with special reference to humans and their diseases
    • Rapoport, S.I., 1990. Integrated phylogeny of the primate brain, with special reference to humans and their diseases. Brain Res. Rev. 15: 267-294.
    • (1990) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.15 , pp. 267-294
    • Rapoport, S.I.1
  • 95
    • 0034646331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The olfactory receptor gene repertoire in primates and mouse: Evidence for reduction of the functional fraction in primates
    • Rouquier, S., A. Blancher & D. Giorgi, 2000. The olfactory receptor gene repertoire in primates and mouse: evidence for reduction of the functional fraction in primates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 2870-2874.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.97 , pp. 2870-2874
    • Rouquier, S.1    Blancher, A.2    Giorgi, D.3
  • 96
    • 0036245495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmental duplications and the evolution of the primate genome
    • Samonte, R.V. & E.E. Eichler, 2002. Segmental duplications and the evolution of the primate genome. Nature Rev. 3: 1-10.
    • (2002) Nature Rev. , vol.3 , pp. 1-10
    • Samonte, R.V.1    Eichler, E.E.2
  • 97
    • 0023808786 scopus 로고
    • Expression of the human amylase genes: Recent origin of a salivary amylase promoter from an actin pseudogene
    • Samuelson, L.C., K. Wiebauer, D.L. Gumucio & MH. Meisler, 1988. Expression of the human amylase genes: recent origin of a salivary amylase promoter from an actin pseudogene. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 8261-8275.
    • (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.16 , pp. 8261-8275
    • Samuelson, L.C.1    Wiebauer, K.2    Gumucio, D.L.3    Meisler, M.H.4
  • 98
    • 0029895560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amylase gene structures in primates: Retroposon insertions and promoter evolution
    • Samuelson, L.C., R.S. Phillips & L.J. Swanberg, 1996. Amylase gene structures in primates: retroposon insertions and promoter evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 767-779.
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 767-779
    • Samuelson, L.C.1    Phillips, R.S.2    Swanberg, L.J.3
  • 101
    • 0032542294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking melanin-concentrating hormone are hypophagic and lean
    • Shimada, M., NA. Tritos, B.B. Lowell, J.S. Flier & E. Maratos-Flier, 1998. Mice lacking melanin-concentrating hormone are hypophagic and lean. Nature 396: 670-674.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 670-674
    • Shimada, M.1    Tritos, N.A.2    Lowell, B.B.3    Flier, J.S.4    Maratos-Flier, E.5
  • 102
    • 0031468448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal pattern formation by heterochronic genes
    • Slack, F. & G. Ruvkun, 1997. Temporal pattern formation by heterochronic genes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 31: 611-634.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.31 , pp. 611-634
    • Slack, F.1    Ruvkun, G.2
  • 103
    • 0036468807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome architecture, rearrangements and genomic disorders
    • Stankiewicz, P. & J.R. Lupski, 2002. Genome architecture, rearrangements and genomic disorders. Trends Genet. 18: 74-82.
    • (2002) Trends Genet. , vol.18 , pp. 74-82
    • Stankiewicz, P.1    Lupski, J.R.2
  • 104
    • 0035837247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary scaling law for the primate visual system and its basis in cortical function
    • Stevens, C.F., 2001. An evolutionary scaling law for the primate visual system and its basis in cortical function. Nature 411: 193-195.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 193-195
    • Stevens, C.F.1
  • 105
    • 0037123632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An expanding universe of noncoding RNAs
    • Storz, G., 2002. An expanding universe of noncoding RNAs. Science 296: 1260-1263.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1260-1263
    • Storz, G.1
  • 106
    • 0025115837 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence and tissue-specific expression of the rat melanin concentrating hormone gene
    • Thompson, R.C. & S.J. Watson, 1990. Nucleotide sequence and tissue-specific expression of the rat melanin concentrating hormone gene. DNA Cell Biol. 9: 637-645.
    • (1990) DNA Cell Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 637-645
    • Thompson, R.C.1    Watson, S.J.2
  • 109
    • 0032754997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two important systems in energy homeostasis: Melanocortins and melanin-concentrating hormone
    • Tritos, N.A. & E. Maratos-Flier, 1999. Two important systems in energy homeostasis: melanocortins and melanin-concentrating hormone. Neuropeptides 33: 339-349.
    • (1999) Neuropeptides , vol.33 , pp. 339-349
    • Tritos, N.A.1    Maratos-Flier, E.2
  • 110
    • 0030999261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the semenogelin II gene of the rhesus monkey. Duplications of 360bp extend the coding region in man, rhesus monkey and baboon
    • Ulvsbäck, M. & Ä. Lundwall, 1997. Cloning of the semenogelin II gene of the rhesus monkey. Duplications of 360bp extend the coding region in man, rhesus monkey and baboon. Eur. J. Biochem 245: 25-31.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.245 , pp. 25-31
    • Ulvsbäck, M.1    Lundwall, Ä.2
  • 111
    • 0035895505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sequence of the human genome
    • Venter, J.C., M.D. Adams, E.W. Myers et al., 2001. The sequence of the human genome. Science 291: 1304-1351.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1304-1351
    • Venter, J.C.1    Adams, M.D.2    Myers, E.W.3
  • 112
    • 0031027020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The melanin-concentrating hormone gene in human: Flanking region analysis, fine chromosome mapping and tissue-specific expression
    • Viale, A., Z. Yao, C. Breton, F. Pedeutour, A. Coquerel, D. Jordan & J.L. Nahon, 1997. The melanin-concentrating hormone gene in human: flanking region analysis, fine chromosome mapping and tissue-specific expression. Mol. Brain Res. 46: 243-255.
    • (1997) Mol. Brain Res. , vol.46 , pp. 243-255
    • Viale, A.1    Yao, Z.2    Breton, C.3    Pedeutour, F.4    Coquerel, A.5    Jordan, D.6    Nahon, J.L.7
  • 113
    • 0031935103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of a brain-expressed variant melanin-concentrating hormone gene during higher primate evolution: A gene "in search of a function"
    • Viale, A., C. Ortola, F. Richard, P. Vernier, F. Presse, S. Schilling, B. Dutrillaux & J.L. Nahon, 1998. Emergence of a brain-expressed variant melanin-concentrating hormone gene during higher primate evolution: a gene "in search of a function". Mol. Biol. Evol. 15: 196-214.
    • (1998) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 196-214
    • Viale, A.1    Ortola, C.2    Richard, F.3    Vernier, P.4    Presse, F.5    Schilling, S.6    Dutrillaux, B.7    Nahon, J.L.8
  • 114
    • 0033735945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and expression of the variant melanin-concentrating hormone genes: Only PMCHL1 is transcribed in the developing human brain and encodes a putative protein
    • Viale, A., A. Courseaux, F. Presse, C. Ortola, C. Breton, D. Jordan & J.L. Nahon, 2000. Structure and expression of the variant melanin-concentrating hormone genes: only PMCHL1 is transcribed in the developing human brain and encodes a putative protein. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 1626-1640.
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1626-1640
    • Viale, A.1    Courseaux, A.2    Presse, F.3    Ortola, C.4    Breton, C.5    Jordan, D.6    Nahon, J.L.7
  • 115
    • 0034688140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of male reproductive genes in the descent of man
    • Wyckoff, G.J., W. Wang & C.-I. Wu, 2000. Rapid evolution of male reproductive genes in the descent of man. Nature 403: 304-309.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 304-309
    • Wyckoff, G.J.1    Wang, W.2    Wu, C.-I.3
  • 116
    • 0035912718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gene family required for human germ cell development evolved from an ancient meiotic gene conserved in metazoans
    • Xu, E.Y., F.L. Moore & R.A.R. Pera, 2001. A gene family required for human germ cell development evolved from an ancient meiotic gene conserved in metazoans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98: 7414-7419.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 7414-7419
    • Xu, E.Y.1    Moore, F.L.2    Pera, R.A.R.3
  • 117
    • 0033933640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of primate speciation dates using local molecular clocks
    • Yoder, A.D. & Z. Yang, 2000. Estimation of primate speciation dates using local molecular clocks. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 1081-1090.
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1081-1090
    • Yoder, A.D.1    Yang, Z.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.