Anthropoid origins

Science

Volumn 275, Issue 5301, 1997, Pages 797-804

  Kay, Richard F ^a   Ross, Callum ^b   Williams, Blythe A ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOIDEA; ANTHROPOLOGY; EVOLUTION; FOSSIL; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ADAPTATION, BIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; BODY CONSTITUTION; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DIET; EVOLUTION; FOSSILS; HAPLORHINI; LOCOMOTION; ORBIT; PHYLOGENY;

ANTHROPOID; BEHAVIOUR; EVOLUTION; HAPLORHINE; PRIMATE; STREPSIRRHINE;

EID: 0030621132     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5301.797     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. P. Ax, Cladistics 1, 279 (1985); R. F. Kay and B. A. Williams, Evol. Anthropol. 3, 32 (1994); B. A. Williams and R. F. Kay, ibid., p. 188 (1995); J. J. Flynn, A. R. Wyss, R. Charrier, C. C. I. Swisher, Nature 373, 603 (1995).
2. P. Ax, Cladistics 1, 279 (1985); R. F. Kay and B. A. Williams, Evol. Anthropol. 3, 32 (1994); B. A. Williams and R. F. Kay, ibid., p. 188 (1995); J. J. Flynn, A. R. Wyss, R. Charrier, C. C. I. Swisher, Nature 373, 603 (1995).
3. P. Ax, Cladistics 1, 279 (1985); R. F. Kay and B. A. Williams, Evol. Anthropol. 3, 32 (1994); B. A. Williams and R. F. Kay, ibid., p. 188 (1995); J. J. Flynn, A. R. Wyss, R. Charrier, C. C. I. Swisher, Nature 373, 603 (1995).
4. P. Ax, Cladistics 1, 279 (1985); R. F. Kay and B. A. Williams, Evol. Anthropol. 3, 32 (1994); B. A. Williams and R. F. Kay, ibid., p. 188 (1995); J. J. Flynn, A. R. Wyss, R. Charrier, C. C. I. Swisher, Nature 373, 603 (1995).
5. L. De Bonis, J.-J. Jaeger, B. Coiffait, P.-E. Coiffait, C. R. Acad. Sci. Sér. II 306, 929 (1988).
6. M. Godinot and M. Mahboubi, Nature 357, 324 (1992).
7. E. L. Simons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 10743 (1992).
8. _, ibid. 86, 9956 (1989).
9. _ and D. T. Rasmussen, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 100, 261 (1996).
10. E. L. Simons, Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 38, 199 (1995).
11. C. Ross, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 469-548.
12. J. G. Fleagle and E. L. Simons, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 97, 235 (1995).
13. D. L. Gebo, E. L. Simons, D. T. Rasmussen, M. Dagosto, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 203-234.
14. E. L. Simons and D. T. Rasmussen, Evol. Anthropol. 3, 128 (1994).
15. K. C. Beard, T. Qi, M. Dawson, B. Wang, C. Li, Nature 369, 604 (1994).
16. K. C. Beard, Y. Tong, M. R. Dawson, J. Wang, X. Huang, Science 272, 82 (1996).
17. J. L. Franzen, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 99-122; D. T. Rasmussen, Int. J. Primatol. 11, 437 (1990).
18. J. L. Franzen, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 99-122; D. T. Rasmussen, Int. J. Primatol. 11, 437 (1990).
19. P. Gingerich, in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, R. Ciochon and B. Chiarelli, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1980), pp. 123-138.
20. E. L. Simons and D. T. Rasmussen, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 79, 1 (1989).
21. F. S. Szalay, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 156, 157 (1976).
22. M. Cartmill and R. Kay, in Recent Advances in Primatology, Vol. 3, Evolution, D. Chivers and J. Joysey, Eds. (Academic Press, London, 1978), pp. 205-214.
23. R. Hofstetter, in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, R. Ciochon and B. Chiarelli, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1980), pp. 103-122.
24. R. I. Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1918, 9 (1918); C. A. Porter, I. Sampaio, H. Schneider, M. P. C. Schneider, J. Czelusniak, J. Mol. Evol. 40, 30 (1994); W. P. Luckett, in Phylogeny of the Primates, W. P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1975), pp. 157-182.
25. R. I. Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1918, 9 (1918); C. A. Porter, I. Sampaio, H. Schneider, M. P. C. Schneider, J. Czelusniak, J. Mol. Evol. 40, 30 (1994); W. P. Luckett, in Phylogeny of the Primates, W. P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1975), pp. 157-182.
26. R. I. Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1918, 9 (1918); C. A. Porter, I. Sampaio, H. Schneider, M. P. C. Schneider, J. Czelusniak, J. Mol. Evol. 40, 30 (1994); W. P. Luckett, in Phylogeny of the Primates, W. P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1975), pp. 157-182.
27. R. F. Kay and B. A. Williams, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 361-446.
28. R. D. E. MacPhee and M. Cartmill, in Comparative Primate Biology, vol. 1: Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy, D. R. Swindler and J. Erwin, Eds. (Liss, New York, 1986), pp. 219-275.
29. F. S. Szalay, in Phylogeny of the Primates, W. P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1975), pp. 91-126.
30. M. Dagosto, J. Hum. Evol. 19, 121 (1990).
31. M. Cartmill, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 549-566.
32. This chamber is present in humans but goes unrecognized in the anatomical literature, probably because it is heavily pneumatized.
33. In adult Loroidea and some Lemuroidea, the internal carotid artery develops but then regresses to a non-functional state in the adult.
34. J. W. Gidley, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 63, 1 (1923); J. L. Wortman, Am. J. Sci. 15, 161 (1903).
35. J. W. Gidley, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 63, 1 (1923); J. L. Wortman, Am. J. Sci. 15, 161 (1903).
36. E. L. Simons, Science 268, 1885 (1995).
37. F. S. Szalay and E. Delson, Evolutionary History of the Primates (Academic Press, New York, 1979).
38. K. C. Beard, M. Dagosto, D. L. Gebo, M. Godinot, Nature 331, 712 (1988); H. H. Covert and B. A. Williams, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 29-54; M. Dagosto and D. L. Gebo, In Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 567-594.
39. K. C. Beard, M. Dagosto, D. L. Gebo, M. Godinot, Nature 331, 712 (1988); H. H. Covert and B. A. Williams, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 29-54; M. Dagosto and D. L. Gebo, In Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 567-594.
40. K. C. Beard, M. Dagosto, D. L. Gebo, M. Godinot, Nature 331, 712 (1988); H. H. Covert and B. A. Williams, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 29-54; M. Dagosto and D. L. Gebo, In Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 567-594.
41. H. H. Covert, J. Hum. Evol. 17, 57 (1988).
42. Mahgarita possesses a highly reduced stapedial artery, but its ear region is otherwise adapidlike (8).
43. H. H. Covert and B. A. Williams, J. Hum. Evol. 21, 463 (1991); P. D. Gingerich, Folia primatol. 28, 144 (1977).
44. H. H. Covert and B. A. Williams, J. Hum. Evol. 21, 463 (1991); P. D. Gingerich, Folia primatol. 28, 144 (1977).
45. A. L. Rosenberger and F. S. Szalay, in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, R. L. Ciochon and A. B. Chiarelli, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1980), pp. 139-157.
46. K. D. Rose, M. Godinot, T. M. Bown, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 1-28.
47. A. L. Rosenberger, Folia primatol. 45, 179 (1985); E. L. Simons and D. E. Russell, Breviora 127, 1 (1960).
48. A. L. Rosenberger, Folia primatol. 45, 179 (1985); E. L. Simons and D. E. Russell, Breviora 127, 1 (1960).
49. K. C. Beard, L. Krishtalka, R. K. Stucky, Nature 349, 64 (1991).
50. D. T. Rasmussen, M. Shekelle, S. L. Walsh, B. O. Riney, J. Hum. Evol. 29, 301 (1995).
51. H. H. Covert, in Comparative Primate Biology, vol. 1, Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy, D. R. Swindler and J. Erwin, Eds. (Liss, New York, 1986), pp. 335-359.
52. K. C. Beard and R. D. E. MacPhee, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 55-98.
53. M. Dagosto, Int. J. Primatol. 6, 45 (1985); H. H. Covert and M. Hamrick, J. Hum. Evol. 25, 351 (1993).
54. M. Dagosto, Int. J. Primatol. 6, 45 (1985); H. H. Covert and M. Hamrick, J. Hum. Evol. 25, 351 (1993).
55. R. D. E. MacPhee, K. C. Beard, T. Qi, J. Hum. Evol. 29, 501 (1995).
56. M. Dagosto, D. L. Gebo, K. C. Beard, T. Qi, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 99, 92 (1996).
57. D. L. Gebo, M. Dagosto, K. C. Beard, T. Qi, ibid., p. 111.
58. D. Gebo, personal communication.
59. E. Gheerbrant, H. Thomas, J. Roger, S. Sen, Z. Al-Sulaimani, Palaeovertebrata 22, 141 (1993); J.-L. Hartenberger and B. Marandat, Hum. Evol. 7, 9 (1992).
60. E. Gheerbrant, H. Thomas, J. Roger, S. Sen, Z. Al-Sulaimani, Palaeovertebrata 22, 141 (1993); J.-L. Hartenberger and B. Marandat, Hum. Evol. 7, 9 (1992).
61. E. L. Simons, D. T. Rasmussen, P. D. Gingerich, J. Hum. Evol. 29, 577 (1995).
62. B. Sigé, J.-J. Jaeger, J. Sudre, M. Vianey-Liaud, Paleontographica 212, 1 (1990).
63. E. L. Simons and T. M. Bown, Nature 313, 475 (1985).
64. J. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, J. Hum. Evol. 16, 483 (1987).
65. L. Ginsburg and P. Mein, C. R. Acad Sci. Sér. II 304, 1213 (1987).
66. M. Godinot, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 235-296.
67. P. D. Gingerich, P. A. Holroyd, R. L. Coichon, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 163-178.
68. U. Ba Maw, R. L. Ciochon, D. E. Savage, Nature 282, 65 (1979); E. H. Colbert, Am. Mus. Novitates 651, 1 (1937); R. F. Kay, in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, R. Ciochon and B. Chiarelli, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1980), pp. 159-188.
69. U. Ba Maw, R. L. Ciochon, D. E. Savage, Nature 282, 65 (1979); E. H. Colbert, Am. Mus. Novitates 651, 1 (1937); R. F. Kay, in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, R. Ciochon and B. Chiarelli, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1980), pp. 159-188.
70. U. Ba Maw, R. L. Ciochon, D. E. Savage, Nature 282, 65 (1979); E. H. Colbert, Am. Mus. Novitates 651, 1 (1937); R. F. Kay, in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, R. Ciochon and B. Chiarelli, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1980), pp. 159-188.
71. R. L. Ciochon and P. A. Holroyd, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 143-162; F. S. Szalay, Nature 236, 179 (1972).
72. R. L. Ciochon and P. A. Holroyd, in Anthropoid Origins, J. G. Fleagle and R. F. Kay, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1994), pp. 143-162; F. S. Szalay, Nature 236, 179 (1972).
73. R. F. Kay and H. H. Covert, in Food Acquisition and Processing in Primates, D. J. Chivers, B. A. Wood, A. Bilsborough, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1984), pp. 467-508.
74. S. M. Ford, Primates 21, 31 (1980); R. D. Martin, J. Hum. Evol. 22, 367 (1992).
75. S. M. Ford, Primates 21, 31 (1980); R. D. Martin, J. Hum. Evol. 22, 367 (1992).
76. D. T. Rasmussen and E. L. Simons, Int. J. Primatol. 13, 1 (1992).
77. B. A. Williams and H. H. Covert, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 93, 323 (1994).
78. M. Fogden, in Prosimian Biology, R. D. Martin, G. A. Doyle, A. C. Walker, Eds. (Duckworth, London, 1974), pp. 151-166.
79. R. F. Kay and M. Cartmill, J. Hum. Evol. 6, 19 (1977).
80. M. Cartmill, in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, R. Ciochon and B. Chiarelli, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1980), pp. 243-274.
81. _, in The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of Primates, R. H. Tuttle, Ed. (Aldine, Chicago, IL, 1972), pp. 97-122.
82. C. F. Ross, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 98, 275 (1995).
83. M. Cartmill, Evol. Anthropol. 2, 105 (1992).
84. J. A. Allman, Prog. Psychobiol. Physiol. Psychol. 7, 1 (1977).
85. G. L. Walls, The Vertebrate Eye and Its Adaptive Radiation (Hafner, New York, 1942).
86. C. F. Ross, Am. J. Primatol. 40, 205 (1996).
87. P. A. Garber, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 88, 469 (1992).
88. J. Terborgh, Five New World Primates: A Study of Comparative Ecology (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1983).
89. S. Cachel, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 50, 1 (1979).
90. W. S. Greaves, J. Zool. Ser. B 207, 125 (1985): A. L. Rosenberger, in Major Topics in Primate and Human Evolution, B. Wood, L. Martin, P. Andrews, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1986), pp. 66-88.
91. W. S. Greaves, J. Zool. Ser. B 207, 125 (1985): A. L. Rosenberger, in Major Topics in Primate and Human Evolution, B. Wood, L. Martin, P. Andrews, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1986), pp. 66-88.
92. C. Ross and W. L. Hylander, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 101, 183 (1996).
93. C. F. Ross, J. Hum. Evol. 29, 210 (1995).
94. J. M. Plavcan, C. P. van Schaik, P. M. Kappeler, J. Hum. Evol. 28, 245 (1995).
95. J. G. Fleagle, R. F. Kay, E. L. Simons, Nature 287, 328 (1980).
96. M. Dagosto, Folia primatol. 41, 49 (1983).
97. _, in Postcranial Adaptation in Nonhuman Primates., D. L. Gebo, Ed. (Northern Illinois Press, De Kalb, IL, 1993), pp. 199-219.
98. M. Dagosto, D. L. Gebo, K. C. Beard, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 15, 25A (1995).
99. M. Dagosto and P. Schmid, J. Hum. Evol. 30, 29 (1996).
100. M. Godinot and M. Dagosto, J. Paleontol. 57, 1321 (1983).
101. J. G. Fleagle and E. L. Simons, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 59, 175 (1982).
102. A. G. Smith, D. G. Smith, B. M. Funnell, Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Coastlines (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1994).
103. K. D. Rose, R. D. E. MacPhee, J. P. Alexander, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 22 (suppl.), 202 (1996).
104. B. A. Williams, thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder (1994).
105. P. D. Jenkins, Catalogue of Primates in the British Museum (Natural History) and elsewhere in the British Isles, Part 4, Suborder Strepsirrhini, including the subfossil Madagascan lemurs and family Tarsiida. [British Museum (Natural History), London, 1987].
106. We thank D. Gebo, M. Dagosto, C. Beard, J. G. Fleagle, M. Cartmill, and H. H. Covert for constructive comments and discussions. Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5 were drawn by R.F.K.; Figs. 4 and 5 were prepared by L. Betti.