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Syntheses of molecular rotaxanes can be classified conceptually into three different approaches: (a) The threading-followed-by-stoppering approach relies on the initial formation (by threading) of a pseudorotaxane from bead- and threadlike components, followed by the positioning (stoppering) of bulky end groups to the threadlike component. (b) The slippage approach relies on the passage of a beadlike component over the moderately bulky end groups of a dumbbell-shaped component at elevated temperature, (c) The clipping approach relies on the macrocyclization of the subunits of a beadlike component around the threadlike subunit of the dumbbell-shaped component.
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a determined in this way are merely "ballpark" figures (see Supporting Information); for a discussion of a method for determining the values more precisely, see: Jones, W. J.; Gibson, H. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 7001-7004.
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