Intrinsic immunity: A front-line defense against viral attack

Nature Immunology

Volumn 5, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 1109-1115

  Bieniasz, Paul D ^a  

^a AARON DIAMOND AIDS RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; APOLIPOPROTEIN; CAPSID PROTEIN; COMPLEMENTARY DNA; CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; DNA GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE; VIRUS DNA;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BINDING AFFINITY; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; DNA SYNTHESIS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; RETROVIRUS; REVIEW; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; VIRION; VIRUS CAPSID; VIRUS GENOME; VIRUS IMMUNITY; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS STRAIN; VIRUS VIRULENCE;

ANIMALS; CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; MICE; PROTEINS; RETROVIRIDAE; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 9244260598     PISSN: 15292908     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ni1125     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Sommerfelt, M.A. & Weiss, R.A. Receptor interference group of 20 retroviruses plating on human cells. Virology 176, 58-69 (1990).
2. Miller A.D. & Wolgamot, G. Murine at retroviruses use at least six different receptors for entry into Mus dunni cells. J. Virol. 71, 4531-4535 (1997).
3. Ikeda, H. & Sugimura, H. Fv-4 resistance gene: a truncated endogenous murine leukemia virus with ecotropic interference properties. J. Virol. 63, 5405-5412.
4. Mura, M. et al. Late viral interference induced by transdominant Gag of an endagenous retrovirus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 11117-11122 (2004).
5. Odaka, T. & Yamamoto, T. Inheritance of susceptibility to Friend mouse leukemia virus. 11. Spleen foci method applied to test the susceptibility of crossbred progeny between a sensitive and a resistant strain. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 35, 311-314 (1965).
6. Lilly, F. Susceptibility to two strains of Friend leukemia virus in mice. Science 155, 461-462 (1967).
7. Suzuki, S. FV-4: a new gene affecting the splenomegaly induction by Friend leukemia virus. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 45, 473-478 (1975).
8. Gardner, M.B., Rasheed, S., Pal, B.K., Estes, J.D. & O'Brien, S.J. Akvr-1, a dominant murine leukemia virus restriction gene, is polymorphic in leukemia-prone wild mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 531-535 (1980).
9. Rasheed, S. & Gardner, M.B. Resistance to fibroblasts and hematopoitec cells to ecotropic murine leukemia virus infection; an Akvr-1R gene effect. Int. J. Cancer 31, 491-496 (1983).
10. Hartley, J.W., Rowe, W.P. & Huebner, R.J. Host-range restrictions of murine leukemia viruses in mouse embryo cell cultures. J. Virol. 5, 221-225 (1970).
11. Pincus, T., Hartley, J.W. & Rowe, W.P. A major genetic locus affecting resistance to infection with murine leukemia viruses. I. Tissue culture studies of naturally occurring viruses. J. Exp. Med. 133 1219-1233 (1971).
12. Rowe W.P. Studies of genetic transmission of murine leukemia virus by AKR mice. I. Crosses with Fv-1 n strains of mice. J. Exp. Med. 136, 1272-1285 (1972).
13. Rowe, W.P. & Hartley, J.W. Studies of genetic transmission of murine leukemia virus by AKR mice. II. Crosses with Fv-1 b strains of mice. J. Exp. Med. 136, 1286-1301 (1972).
14. Kozak, C.A. Analysis of wild-derived mice for Fv-1 and Fv-2 murine leukemia virus restriction loci: a novel wild mouse Fv-1 allele responsible for lack of host range restriction. J. Virol. 55, 281-285 (1985).
15. DesGroseillers, L. & Jolicoeur, P. Physical mapping of the Fv-1 tropism host range determinant of BALB/c murine leukemia viruses. J. Virol. 48, 685-696 (1983).
16. Kozak, C.A. & Chakraborti, A. Single amino acid changes in the murine leukemia virus capsid protein gene define the target of Fv-1 resistance. Virology 225, 300-305 (1996).
17. Decleve, A., Niwa, O., Gelmann, E. & Kaplan, H.S. Replication kinetics of N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses on permissive and nonpermissive cells in vitro. Virology 65, 320-332 (1975).
18. Duran-Troise, G., Bassin, R.H., Rein, A. & Gerwin, B.I. Loss of Fv-1 restriction in Balb/3T3 cells following infection with a single N tropic murine leukemia virus particle. Cell 10, 479-488 (1977).
19. Pincus, T., Hartley, J.W. & Rowe, W.P. A major genetic locus affecting resistance to infection with murine leukemia viruses. IV. Dose-response relationships in Fv-1-sensitive and resistant cell cultures. Virology 65, 333-342 (1975).
20. Tennant, R.W., Otten, J.A., Brown, A., Yang, W.K. & Kennel, S.J. Characterization of Fv-1 host range strains of murine retroviruses by titration and p30 protein characteristics. Virology 99, 349-357 (1979).
21. Boone, L.R., Innes, C.L. & Heitman, C.K. Abrogation of Fv-1 restriction by genome-deficient virions produced by a retrovirus packaging cell line. J. Virol. 64, 3376-3381 (1990).
22. Bassin, R.H., Duran-Troise, G., Gerwin, B.I. & Rein, A. Abrogation of Fv-1b restriction with murine leukemia viruses inactivated by heat or by gamma irradiation. J. Virol. 26, 306-315 (1978).
23. Best, S., Le Tissier, P., Towers, G. & Stoye, J.P. Positional cloning of the mouse retrovirus restriction gene Fv1. Nature 382 826-829 (1996).
24. Taylor, W.R. & Stoye, J.P. Consensus structural models for the amino terminal domain of the retrovirus restriction gene Fv1 and the murine leukaemia virus capsid proteins. BMC Struct. Biol. 4, 1 (2004).
25. Ganser, B.K., Cheng, A., Sundquist, W.I. & Yeager, M. Three-dimensional structure of the M-MuLV CA protein on a lipid monolayer: a general model for retroviral capsid assembly. EMBO J. 22, 2886-2892 (2003).
26. Bock, M., Bishop, K.N., Towers, G. & Stoye, J.P. Use of a transient assay for studying the genetic determinants of Fv1 restriction. J. Virol. 74, 7422-7430 (2000).
27. Bishop, K.N., Bock, M., Towers, G. & Stoye, J.P. Identification of the regions of Fv1 necessary for murine leukemia virus restriction. J. Virol. 75, 5182-5188 (2001).
28. Towers, G. et al. A conserved mechanism of retrovirus restriction in mammals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 12295-12299 (2000).
29. Cowan, S. et al. Cellular inhibitors with Fv1-like activity restrict human and simian immunodeficiency virus tropism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 11914-11919 (2002).
30. Besnier, C., Takeuchi, Y. & Towers, G. Restriction of lentivirus in monkeys. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 11920-11925 (2002).
31. Munk, C., Brandt, S.M., Lucero, G. & Landau, N.R. A dominant block to HIV-1 replication at reverse transcription in simian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 13843-13848 (2002).
32. Hofmann, W. et al. Species-specific, postentry barriers to primate immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Virol. 73, 10020-10028 (1999).
33. Owens, C.M., Yang, P.C., Gottlinger, H. & Sodroski, J. Human and simian immunodeficiency virus capsid proteins are major viral determinants of early, postentry replication blocks in simian cells. J. Virol. 77, 726-731 (2003).
34. Dorfman, T. & Gottlinger, H.G. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid p2 domain confers sensitivity to the cyclophilin-binding drug SDZ NIM 811. J. Virol. 70, 5781-5757 (1996).
35. Hatziioannou, T., Cowan, S., Goff, S.P., Bieniasz, P.D. & Towers, G. Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1. EMBO J. 22, 385-94 (2003).
36. Stremlau, M. et al. The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5α restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys. Nature 427, 848-853 (2004).
37. Reymond, A. et al. The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments. EMBO J. 20, 2140-2151 (2001).
38. Hatziioannou, T., Perez-Caballero, D., Yang, A., Cowan, S. & Bieniasz, P.D. Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5α. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 10774-10779 (2004).
39. Keckesova, Z., Ylinen, L.M. & Towers, G.J. The human and African green monkey TRIM5alpha genes encode Ref1 and Lv1 retroviral restriction factor activities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 10780-10785 (2004).
40. Perron, M.J. et al. TRIM5α mediates the postentry block to N-tropic murine leukemia viruses in human cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 11827-11832 (2004).
41. Sayah, D.M., Sokolskaja, E., Berthoux, L. & Luban, J. Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1. Nature 430, 569-573 (2004).
42. Towers, G.J. et al. Cyclophilin A modulates the sensitivity of HIV-1 to host restriction factors. Nat. Med. 9 1138-1143 (2003).
43. von Schwedler, U.K. et al. Proteolytic refolding of the HIV-1 capsid protein aminoterminus facilitates viral core assembly. EMBO J. 17, 1555-1568 (1998).
44. Ganser, B.K., Li, S., Klishko, V.Y., Finch, J.T. & Sundquist, W.I. Assembly and analysis of conical models for the HIV-1 core. Science 283, 80-83 (1999).
45. Luban, J., Bossolt, K.L., Franke, E.K., Kalpana, G.V. & Goff, S.P. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein binds to cyclophilins A and B. Cell 73, 1067-1078 (1993).
46. Yap, M.W. & Stoye, J.P. Intracellular localisation of Fv1. Virology 307, 76-89 (2003).
47. Xu, L. et al. BTBD1 and BTBD2 colocalize to cytoplasmic bodies with the RBCC/tripartite motif protein, TRIM5delta. Exp. Cell Res. 288, 84-93 (2003).
48. Schwartz, O., Marechal, V., Friguet, B., Arenzana-Seisdedos, F. & Heard, J.M. Antiviral activity of the proteasome on incoming human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 72, 3845-3850 (1998).
49. Butler, S.L., Johnson, E.P. & Bushman, F.D. Human immunodeficiency virus cDNA metabolism: notable stability of two-long terminal repeat circles. J. Virol. 76, 3739-3747 (2002).
50. Hicke, L. A new ticket for entry into budding vesicles-ubiquitin. Cell 106, 527-530 (2001).
51. Pryciak, P.M. & Varmus, H.E. Fv-1 restriction and its effects on murine leukemia virus integration in vivo and in vitro. J. Virol. 66, 5959-5966 (1992).
52. + T lymphocytes. J. Virol. 66, 6489-6495 (1992).
53. Madani, N. & Kabat, D. An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the viral Vif protein. J. Virol. 72, 10251-10255 (1998).
54. Simon, J.H., Gaddis, N.C., Fouchier, R.A. & Malim, M.H. Evidence for a newly discovered cellular anti-HIV-1 phenotype. Nat. Med. 4, 1397-1400 (1998).
55. Sheehy, A.M., Gaddis, N.C., Choi, J.D. & Malim, M.H. Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein. Nature 418, 646-650 (2002).
56. Mangeat, B. et al. Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts. Nature 424, 99-103 (2003).
57. Zhang, H. et al. The cytidine deaminase CEM15 induces hypermutation in newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA. Nature 424, 94-98 (2003).
58. Harris, R.S. et al. DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection. Cell 113, 803-809 (2003).
59. Lecossier, D., Bouchonnet, F., Clavel, F. & Hance, A.J. Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein. Science 300, 1112 (2003).
60. Yu, Q. et al. Single-strand specificity of APOBEC3G accounts for minus-strand deamination of the HIV genome. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11, 435-442 (2004).
61. Sleigh, R., Sharkey, M., Newman, M.A., Hahn, B. & Stevenson, M. Differential association of uracil DNA glycosylase with SIVSM Vpr and Vpx proteins. Virology 245, 338-343 (1998).
62. Bouhamdan, M. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr protein binds to the uracil DNA glycosylase DNA repair enzyme. J. Virol. 70, 697-704 (1996).
63. Selig, L. et al. Uracil DNA glycosylase specifically interacts with Vpr of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus of sooty mangabeys, but binding does not correlate with cell cycle arrest. J. Virol. 71, 4842-4846 (1997).
64. Willetts, K.E. et al. DNA repair enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase is specifically incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral particles through a Vpr-independent mechanism. J. Virol. 73, 1682-1688 (1999).
65. Mansky, L.M., Preveral, S., Selig, L., Benarous, R. & Benichou, S. The interaction of vpr with uracil DNA glycosylase modulates the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 In vivo mutation rate. J. Virol. 74, 7039-7047 (2000).
66. Jarmuz, A. et al. An anthropoid-specific locus of orphan C to U RNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22. Genomics 79 285-296 (2002).
67. Wiegand, H.L., Doehle, B.P., Bogerd, H.P. & Cullen, B.R. A second human anti-retroviral factor, APOBEC3F, is suppressed by the HIV-1 and HIV-2 Vif proteins. EMBO J. 23, 2451-2458 (2004).
68. Zheng, Y.H. et al. Human APOBEC3F is another host factor that blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. J. Virol. 78, 6073-6076 (2004).
69. Bishop, K.N. et al. Cytidine deamination of retroviral DNA by diverse APOBEC proteins. Curr. Biol. 14, 1392-1396 (2004).
70. Liddament, M.T., Brown, W.L., Schumacher, A.J. & Harris, R.S. APOBEC3F properties and hypermutation preferences indicate activity against HIV-1 in vivo. Curr Biol 14, 1385-1391 (2004).
71. Xu, X. et al. Induction of APOBEC3G ubiquitination and degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF complex. Science 302, 1056-1060 (2003).
72. Sheehy, A.M., Gaddis, N.C. & Malim, M.H. The antiretroviral enzyme APOBEC3G is degraded by the proteasome in response to HIV-1 Vif. Nat. Med. 9, 1404-1407 (2003).
73. Marin, M., Rose, K.M., Kozak, S.L. & Kabat, D. HIV-1 Vif protein binds the editing enzyme APOBEC3G and induces its degradation. Nat. Med. 9, 1398-1403 (2003).
74. Mehle, A. et al. Vif overcomes the innate antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by promoting its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 7792-7798 (2003).
75. Conticello, S.G., Harris, R.S. & Neuberger, M.S. The Vif protein of HIV triggers degradation of the human antiretroviral DNA deaminase APOBEC3G. Curr. Biol. 13, 2009-2013 (2003).
76. Stopak, K., de Noronha, C., Yonemoto, W. & Greene, W.C. HIV-1 Vif blocks the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by impairing both its translation and intracellular stability. Mol. Cell 12, 591-601 (2003).
77. Mariani, R. et al. Species-specific exclusion of APOBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif. Cell 114, 21-31 (2003).
78. Turelli, P., Mangeat, B., Jost, S., Vianin, S. & Trono, D. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by APOBEC3G. Science 303, 1829 (2004).
79. Ngui, S.L., Hallet, R. & Teo, C.G. Natural and iatrogenic variation in hepatitis B virus. Rev. Med. Virol. 9, 183-209 (1999).
80. Machida, K. et al. Hepatitis C virus induces a mutator phenotype: enhanced mutations of immunoglobulin and protooncogenes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 4262-4267 (2004).
81. Bishop, K.N., Holmes, R.K., Sheehy, A.M. & Malim, M.H. APOBEC-mediated editing of viral RNA. Science 305, 645 (2004).
82. Gao, G., Guo, X. & Goff, S.P. Inhibition of retroviral RNA production by ZAP a CCCH-type zinc finger protein. Science 297 1703-1706 (2002).
83. Bick, M.J. et al. Expression of the zinc-finger antiviral protein inhibits alphavirus replication. J. Virol. 77 11555-11562 (2003).
84. Varthakavi, V., Smith, R.M., Bour, S.P., Strebel, K. & Spearman, P. Viral protein U counteracts a human host cell restriction that inhibits HIV-1 particle production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 15154-15159 (2003).
85. Gottlinger, H.G., Dorfman, T., Cohen, E.A. & Haseltine, W.A. Vpu protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances the release of capsids produced by gag gene constructs of widely divergent retroviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 7381-7385 (1993).
86. Geraghty, R.J., Talbot, K.J., Callahan, M., Harper, W. & Panganiban, A.T. Cell type-dependence for Vpu function. J. Med. Primatol. 23, 146-150 (1994).
87. Sakai, H., Tokunaga, K., Kawamura, M. & Adachi, A. Function of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein in various cell types. J. Gen. Virol. 76, 2717-2722 (1995).
88. Turelli, P. et al. Cytoplasmic recruitment of INI1 and PML on incoming HIV preintegration complexes: interference with early steps of viral replication. Mol. Cell 7, 1245-1254 (2001).
89. Yap, M.W., Nisole, S., Lynch, C. & Stoye, J.P. Trim5α protein restricts both HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 10786-10791 (2004).
90. 3 enhances retroviral reverse transcription and counteracts Ref1 antiviral activity. J. Virol. 77, 3167-3180 (2003).
91. Bogerd, H.P., Doehle, B.P., Wiegand, H.L. & Cullen, B.R. A single amino acid difference in the host APOBEC3G protein controls the primate species specificity of HIV type 1 virion infectivity factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 3770-3774 (2004).
92. Schrofelbauer, B., Chen, D. & Landau, N.R. A single amino acid of APOBEC3G controls its species-specific interaction with virion infectivity factor (Vif). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 3927-3932 (2004).
93. Mangeat, B., Turelli, P., Liao, S. & Trono, D. A single amino acid determinant governs the species-specific sensitivity of APOBEC3G to Vif action. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 14481-14483 (2004).
94. Xu, H. et al. A single amino acid substitution in human APOBEC3G antiretroviral enzyme confers resistance to HIV-1 virion infectivity factor-induced depletion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 5652-5657 (2004).
95. Svarovskaia, E.S. et al. Human APOBEC3G is incorporated into HIV-1 virions through interactions with viral and nonviral RNAs. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 35822-35828 (2004).
96. Cen, S. et al. The interaction between HIV-1 Gag and APOBEC3G. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 33177-33184 (2004).
97. Alce, T.M. & Popik, W. APOBEC3G is incorporated into virus-like particles by a direct interaction with HIV-1 Gag nucleocapsid protein. 279, 34083-34086 J. Biol. Chem. (2004).
98. Zennou, V., Perez-Caballero, D. & Bieniasz, P.D. APOBEC3G incorporation into HIV-1 particles J. Virology (in the press).
99. Schafer, A., Bogerd, H.P. & Cullen, B.R. Specific packaging of APOBEC3G into HIV-1 Virions is mediated by the nucleocapsid domain of the Gag polyprotein precursor. Virology (in the press).
100. Kobayashi, M. et al. APOBEC3G targets specific virus species. J. Virol. 78, 8238-8244 (2004).
101. Janeway, C.A.Jr. & Medzhitov, R. Innate immune recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20, 197-216 (2002).