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obs = 33,385 daltons), although minor species were also observed at masses of 31,343; 32,596; 34,472; 36,101; and 36,841 daltons. CA-NC/RNA cones formed spontaneously upon incubation of the CA-NC protein with RNA for 1 hour at 37°C under the following conditions: 0.3 mM CA-NC, 3 mM RNA (that is, 1 protein molecule/10 nt), 500 mM NaCl, 50 mM tris-HCl (pH 8.0). Cones were also observed at neutral pH and over a range of 100 to 750 mM NaCl. Cone formation was monitored by TEM, either in negatively stained samples deposited directly on Formvar-coated copper grids or in positively stained thin-sectioned: samples (6). A full survey of the assembly conditions and protein requirements for cone formation will be reported elsewhere.
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NL4-3 genome and the ribosomal RNA (control) was a 1441-nt fragment from 16S ribosomal RNA of B. stearothemophilus. The 6400-nt tobacco mosaic viral RNA was obtained by phenol and chloroform extractions of the virus and precipitated from ethanol CA-NC assembly reactions in the presence of noncognate RNAs were identical to those given in (9). In the absence of RNA, CA-NC cones formed under the following conditions: 300 μM CA-NC, 1 M NaCl, and 50 mM tris-HCl (pH 8.0) at 37°C for 60 min. In the absence of exogenous RNA, neither cones nor cylinders formed at concentrations of 0.5 M NaCl or below. Absorption spectra demonstrated that our CA-NC preparations were not contaminated with Escherichia coli RNA (estimated lower detection limit was ∼1 base/protein molecule). To control for even lower levels of RNA contamination, we preincubated the CA-NC protein with 0.5 mg/ml ribonuclease A (Type 1-AS, 54 Kunitz U/mg, Sigma) for 1 hour at 4°C, which then formed cones normally.
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23
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0345074182
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V. Y. Klishko, data not shown
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V. Y. Klishko, data not shown.
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Assembly mixtures were deposited on holey carbon grids, blotted briefly with filter paper, plunged into liquid ethane, and transferred to liquid nitrogen. Frozen grids were transferred to a Philips 420 TEM equipped with a Gatan cold stage system, and images of particles in vitreous ice were recorded under low dose conditions at 36,000X magnification and ∼1.6-μm defocus.
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J. T. Finch, data not shown
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J. T. Finch, data not shown.
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0344643497
-
-
note
-
Single-letter abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, Ile; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q, Gln; R, Arg; S, Ser; T, Thr; V, Val; W, Trp; and Y, Tyr.
-
-
-
-
41
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0345074167
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-
note
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We thank C. Hill for very helpful discussions on the relationship between viral cores and fullerene cones, D. Hobbs for refining the ChemDraw3D images of cones, G. Stubbs for a gift of tobacco mosiac virus, J. McCutcheon for the plasmid used to prepare ribosomal RNA, and K. Albertine and N. Chandler of the University of Utah Shared Electron Microscopy facility for their support and encouragement. Supported by grants from NIH and from the Huntsman Cancer Institute (to W.I.S.).
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