Nutrient Content and Health Benefits of Insects

Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients: Production, Processing and Food Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 61-84

  Williams, J P ^a   Williams, J R ^a,b   Kirabo, A ^c   Chester, D ^a   Peterson, M ^a  

^a Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c Uganda Industrial Research Institute (UIRI)   (Uganda)

Author keywords

insect fiber; insect physiology; insect protein functionality; insect utilization as food; nutrient content

Indexed keywords

EID: 85134277328     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802856-8.00003-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (67)

1. E.D. Aguilar-Miranda, M.G. Lopez, C. Escamilla-Santana and A.P. Barba de la Rosa (2002) Characteristics of maize flour tortilla supplemented with ground Tenebrio molitor larvae. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(1), 192-195.
2. M.A. Ayieko, V. Oriamo and I.A. Nyambuga (2010) Processed products of termites and lake flies: improving entomophagy for food security within the Lake Victoria region. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev. 10 2085-2098.
3. A.S. Babji, S. Fatimah, M. Ghassem and Y. Abolhassani (2010) Protein quality of selected edible animal and plant protein sources using rat bio-assay. Int. Food Res. J. 17 303-308.
4. Z.A. Bhutta, T. Ahmed, R.E. Black, S. Cousens, K. Dewey, E. Giugliani, B.A. Haider, B. Kirkwood, S.S. Morris, H.P. Sachdev and M. Shekar (2008) What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival. Lancet 371 417-440.
5. R.E. Black, L.H. Allen, Z.A. Bhutta, L.E. Caulfield, M. De Onis, M. Ezzati, C. Mathers and J. Rivera (2008) Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 371 243-260.
6. R.E. Black, S.S. Morris and J. Bryce (2003) Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet 361 2226-2234.
7. S.G.F. Bukkens (1997) The nutritional value of edible insects. Ecol. Food Nutr. 36 287-319.
8. S.G.F. Bukkens (2005) Insects in the human diet: nutritional aspects. M.G. Paoletti (Eds) Ecological Implications of Minilivestock: Potential of Insects, Rodents, Frogs, and Snails Enfield, NH: Science Publishers 545-577.
9. Cather, A. 2016. Two billion people eat insects and you can too. Food Tank. N.p.
10. L.E. Caulfield, M. De Onis, M. Blossner and R.E. Black (2004) Undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80 193-198.
11. Cdc.gov. 2014. Nutrition for Everyone: Basics: Protein DNPAO CDC. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/protein.html
12. S. Collins, N. Dent, P. Binns, P. Bahwere, K. Sadler and A. Hallam (2006) Management of severe acute malnutrition in children. Lancet 368 1992-2000.
13. G. Defoliart (1992) Insects as human food. Crop Protect. 11 395-399.
14. G.R. Defoliart (1995) Edible insects as minilivestock. Biodivers. Conserv. 4 306-321.
15. Digitaljournal.com. 2016. Global edible insects market projected to reach $1.53 billion in 2021—Press Release–Digital Journal. N.p.
16. Dolson, L. 2014. Protein Info—How Much Protein Do You Need. Available from: http://lowcarbdiets.about.com/od/nutrition/a/protein.htm
17. A.T. Dossey (2010) Insects and their chemical weaponry: new potential for drug discovery. Nat. Prod. Rep. 27 1737-1757.
18. A.T. Dossey (2013) Why insects should be in your diet. Scientist 27 22-23.
19. C. Duggan, J.B. Watkins and W.A. Walker (2008) Nutrition in Pediatrics: Basic Science, Clinical Application. Hamilton: BC Decker xvii, 923 p
20. P.B. Durst, et al. (2010) Forest Insects As Food: Humans Bite Back. Chiang Mai, Thailand: RAP Publication, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
21. J. Dzamba (2010) Third Millennium Farming: Is it time for Another Farming Revolution? Architecture. PL Toronto, CA: Landscape and Design Available from: http://www.thirdmillenniumfarming.com/
22. FAO, 2012. Assessing the potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. In: Vantomme, P., Mertens, E., van Huis, A., Klunder, H. (Eds.), Summary Report of Technical Consultation Meeting, Rome, Italy.
23. J.G. Fernandez and D.E. Ingber (2012) Unexpected strength and toughness in chitosan-fibroin laminates inspired by insect cuticle. Adv. Mater. 24 480-484.
24. M.D. Finke (2002) Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates as food for insectivores. Zoo Biol. 21 269-285.
25. M.D. Finke (2007) Estimate of chitin in raw whole insects. Zoo Biol. 26 105-115.
26. M.D. Finke (2013) Complete nutrient content of four species of feeder insects. Zoo Biol. 32 27-36.
27. R.T. Gahukar (2011) Entomophagy and human food security. Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci. 31 129-144.
28. G.O. Latunde-Dada Gladys O., W. Yang Wenge and M.V. Aviles Mayra Vera (2016) In Vitro Iron Availability from Insects Sirloin Beef. J. Agric. Food Chem. 64(44), 8420-8424.
29. C. Hoppe, G.S. Andersen, S. Jacobsen, C. Molgaard, H. Friis, P.T. Sangild and K.F. Michaelsen (2008) The use of whey or skimmed milk powder in fortified blended foods for vulnerable groups. J. Nutr. 138 145S-161S.
30. J.E. Kinsella (1982) Structure and functional properties of food proteins. P.F. Fox, J.J. Condon (Eds) Food Proteins New York, NY: Applied Science Publishers
31. J.N. Kinyuru, G.M. Kenji, S.M. Njoroge and M. Ayieko (2010) Effect of processing methods on the in-vitro protein digestibility and vitamin content of edible winged termite (Macrotermes subhylanus) and Grasshopper (Ruspolia differens). Food Bioprocess Tech. 3(5), 778-782.
32. S.S. Koide (1998) Chitin-chitosan: properties, benefits and risks. Nutr. Res. 18(6), 1091-1101.
33. M. Kumar (2000) A review of chitin and chitosan applications. React. Funct. Polym. 46 1-27.
34. Marketwatch. 2016. Global edible insects market value set to reach US$ 423.8 Mn in 2016 end—Persistence Market Research. N.p.
35. V. Melo-Ruiz, H. Sandoval-Trujillo, T. Quirino-Barreda, K. Sanchez-Herera, R. Diza-Garcia and C. Calvo-Carrillo (2015) Chemical composition and amino acids content of five species of edible Grasshoppers from Mexico. Emirates J. Food Agr. 27(8), 654-658.
36. H. Merzendorfer and L. Zimoch (2003) Chitin metabolism in insects: structure, function and regulation of chitin synthases and chitinases. J. Exp. Biol. 206 4393-4412.
37. C. Mhurchu, C. Dunshea-Mooij, D. Bennett and A. Rodgers (2004) The effect of the dietary supplement, chitosan, on body weight: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obes. Rev. 6 35-42.
38. K.F. Michaelsen, C. Hoppe, N. Roos, P. Kaestel, M. Stougaard, L. Lauritzen, C. Molgaard, T. Girma and H. Friis (2009) Choice of foods and ingredients for moderately malnourished children 6 months to 5 years of age. Food Nutr. Bull. 30 S343-S404.
39. R.A. Muzzarelli and C. Muzzarelli (2006) Chitosan as a dietary supplement and a food technology agent. C.G. Billaderis, M.S. Izydorczyk (Eds) Functional Food Carbohydrates Florida: CRC Press 215-238.
40. K. Nonaka (2009) Feasting on insects. Entomol. Res. 39 304-312.
41. O.T. Omotoso (2006) Nutritional quality, functional properties and anti-nutrient compositions of the larva of Cirina forda (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 7(1), 51-55.
42. D.G. Oonincx, J. Van Itterbeeck, M.J. Heetkamp, H. Van Den Brand, J.J. Van Loon and A. Van Huis (2010) An exploration on greenhouse gas and ammonia production by insect species suitable for animal or human consumption. PLoS One 5 e14445.
43. D.L. Pelletier and E.A. Frongillo (2003) Changes in child survival are strongly associated with changes in malnutrition in developing countries. J. Nutr. 133 107-119.
44. J. Ramos-Elorduy (1997) Insects: A sustainable source of food? Ecol. Food Nutr. 36 247-276.
45. J. Ramos-Elorduy (2009) Anthropo-entomophagy: cultures, evolution and sustainability. Entomol. Res. 39 271-288.
46. J. Ramos-Elorduy, J.M.P. Moreno, E.E.P. Prado, O.A. Manuel, J.L. Otero and L.O. de Guevara (1997) Nutritional value of edible insects from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. J. Food Compos. Anal. 10 142-157.
47. J. Ramos-Elorduy, J.M. Pino Moreno and V.H. Martinez Camacho (2012) Could grasshoppers be a nutritive meal? Food Nutr. Sci. 3 164-175.
48. A.L. Rice, L. Sacco, A. Hyder and R.E. Black (2000) Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries. Bull. World Health Organ. 78 1207-1221.
49. B.A. Rumpold and O.K. Schlüter (2013) Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 57(5), 802-823.
50. C. Safina (2011) Why Are We Using Up the Earth? CNN Opinion: Carbon Dioxide. New York: CNN
51. C. Schofield and A. Ashworth (1996) Why have mortality rates for severe malnutrition remained so high? Bull. World Health Organ. 74 223-229.
52. N. Seddiki, E. Mbemba, D. Letourneur, L. Ylisastigui, A. Benjouad, L. Saffar, J.C. Gluckman, J. Jozefonvicz, L. Gattegno, D. Zhang and P.C. Quantick (1997) Effects of chitosan coating on enzymatic browning and decay during postharvest storage of litchi (Litchi chinesnsis Sonn.) fruit. Postharvest Biol. Tech. 12(2), 195-202.
53. F. Shadidi, J. Arachchi and Y. Jeon (2011) Food applications of chitin and chitosans. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 10(2), 37-51.
54. M. Shockley and A.T. Dossey (2014) Insects for human consumption. J.A. Morales-Ramos, M.G. Rojas, D.I. Shapiro-Ilan (Eds) Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms, Invertebrates and Entomopathogens Waltham, MA: Academic Press 617-652.
55. B. Singh and U. Singh (1991) Peanut as a source of protein for human foods. Plant Foods Human Nutr. 41 165-177.
56. Sirimungkararat, S., Saksirirat, W., Nopparat, T., Natongkham, A., 2010. Forest Insects as Food: Humans Bite Back. In: Durst, P.B., Johnson, D.V., Leslie, R.N., Shono, K. (Eds.). FAO, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 189–200.
57. S.K. Srivastava, N. Babu and H. Pandey (2009) Traditional insect bioprospecting—as human food and medicine. Ind. J. Trad. Know. 8 485-494.
58. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and Livestock Environment and Development (FIRM) H. Steinfeld, P. Gerber, T.D. Wassenaar, V. Castel, M.M. Rosales and C.D. Haan (2006) Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations xxiv, 390 p
59. Tatum, T. 2014. Global Food Reserves Lowest in 40 Years. Available from http://planetsave.com/2012/10/19/global-food-reserves-lowest-in-40-years/
60. Food, and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations A. van Huis, J.V. Itterbeeck, H. Klunder, E. Mertens, A. Halloran, G. Muir and P. Vantomme (2013) Edible Insects: Future Prospects For Food And Feed Security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 187 p
61. P. Vantomme, E. Mertens, A. Van Huis and H. Klunder (2012) Assessing the Potential of Insects as Food and Feed in Assuring Food Security. Rome, Italy: United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization
62. C.G. Victora, L. Adair, C. Fall, P.C. Hallal, R. Martorell, L. Richter and H.S. Sachdev (2008) Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet 371 340-357.
63. G. Vogel (2010) For more protein, filet of cricket. Science 327 811.
64. D. Wang, Y. Bai, J. Li and C. Zhang (2004) Nutritional value of the field cricket (Gryllus testaceus Walker). Insect Sci. 11(4), 275-283.
65. G.M. Wardlaw and A.M. Smith (2006) Contemporary Nutrition. sixth ed. New York: McGraw Hill Higher Education
66. A.L. Yen (2009) Entomophagy and insect conservation: some thoughts for digestion. J. Insect Conserv. 13 667-670.
67. L. Yi, C.M. Lakemond, L.M. Sagis, V. Eisner-Schadler, A.V. Huis and M.A. van Boekel (2013) Extraction and characterization of protein fractions from five insect species. Food Chem. 141(4), 3341-3348.