Chinese and related North American herbs: Phytopharmacology and therapeutic values

Chinese and Related North American Herbs: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 1-598

  Li, Thomas S C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85051034338     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (509)

1. Shibata, S. 1979. The chemistry of Chinese drugs. Am. J. Chin. Med. 7: 103-141.
2. Kariyone, T., M. Takahashi, and K. Takalshi. 1956. Studies on glycosides. VII. Components of Paeonia suffruticosa Andl. Yakugaku Zasshi 76: 917-921.
3. Kanada, M. et al. 1969. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 17: 665.
4. Takido, M., S. Takahashi, K. Masuda, and K. Yasukawa. 1977. Torosachrysone, a new tetrahydroznthracene derivative from the seeds of Cassia torosa . Lloydia 40: 191.
5. Hartwell, J. L. and M. J. Shear. 1947. Chemotherapy of cancer. Classes of compounds under investigation and active components of podophyllin. Cancer Res. 7: 716-717.
6. Fujita, M., H. Itokawa, and Y. Sasuda. 1973. Studies on the components of Magnolia obovata Thunb. II. On the components of the methanol extract of the bark. Yakugaku Zasshi 93: 422-428.
7. Brekhman, I. I. and I. V. Dardymov. 1969. Pharmacological investigation of glycosides from ginseng and Eleutherococcus . Lloydia 32: 46-51.
8. Kochetkov, N. K., A. Khorlin, O. S. Chizhov, and V. I. Scheichenko. 1962. Deoxyschizandrin - structure and total synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett. 9: 361-363.
9. Shinoda, J. 1929. über die Bestandteile des Arctium lapps L. (II. Mitteilung). Yakugaku Zasshi 49: 1165-1169.
10. Kawasaki, T., T. Yamauchi, and N. Itakura. 1963. Saponins of timo (Anemarrhenae rhizoma). I. Yakugaku Zasshi 83: 892-896.
11. Aritomi, M. and T. Kawasaki. 1968. A mangiferin monomethyl ether from Mangifera indica L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 16: 760-761.
12. Shibata, S., M. Harads, and T. Murakami. 1959. Studies on the constituents of Japanese and Chinese crude drugs. II. Antispasmodic action of the constituents of pueraria root. Yakugaku Zasshi 79: 863-865.
13. Trunzler, van G. and E. Schuler. 1962. Vergicidende Studien über Wirkungen eines Crataegus Extraktes, von digitoxin, digoxin und G-strophanthin am isolierten Warmbluterherzen. Arzenetn. Forsch. 2: 198-202.
14. Kaneda, M., Y. Iitaka, and M. Shibata. 1972. Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs. XXXIII. Tetrahedron 28: 4309-4317.
15. Aimi, N., M. Inaba, M. Watanabe, and S. Shibata. 1969. Tetrahedron 25: 1825.
16. Kitagawa, I., T. Nishimura, A. Kobayashi, and I. Yosoka. 1971. On the constituents of rhizome of Rehmannia glutinosa . Yakagaku Zasshi 91: 593-596.
17. Korte, F. 1954. über neue glydosidische Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe V. Mitteil: Zur Konstitution des gentiopikrins und des Hexahydrogentiogenin-methylathers. Chem. Ber. 87: 780-783.
18. Inouye, H., S. Saitoh, H. Taguchi, and T. Endo. 1969. Zwei nhue: tridoidglucoside aus Gardenia jasminoides gardenosid und geniposid. Tetrahedron Lett. 28: 2347-2350.
19. Hikino, H., Y. Hikino, and I. Yosioka. 1964. Studies on the constituents of Atractylodes. IX. Structure and autoxidation of Atractylon. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 12: 755-760.
20. Shibata, S., S. Mihashi, and O. Tanaka. 1967. The occurrence of (-)fimarane-type diterpene in Aralia cordata Thunb. Tetrahedron Lett. 51: 5241-5243.
21. Kubota, T. and H. Hinoh. 1968. The constitution of saponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L. Tetrahedron Lett. 3: 303-306.
22. Kubota, T. and H. Hinoh. 1968. Triterpenoids from Bupleurum falcatum L. III. Isolation of genuine sapogenins saikogenins E, F and G. Tetrahedron 24: 675-686.
23. Kubota, T., H. Kitani, and H. Hinoh. 1969. The structure of platycogenic acids A, B, and C, further triterpenoid constituents of Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle. Chem. Commun. 1969: 1313-1315.
24. Sakuma, S., N. Sugtura, H. Tanemoto, H. Amakawa, and J. Shuji. 1975. Abstr. 95th Annu. Meet. Pharm. Soc. Japan 11: 247.
25. Fujita, M., H. Itokawa, and Y. Kumekawa. 1974. The study on the constituents of Clematis and Akebia spp. I. Distribution of triterpenes and other components. Yakugaka Zasshi 94: 189-191.
26. Yahara, S., R. Kami, and O. Tanaka. 1977. New dammarane type saponins of leaves of Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer. (1) Chikusetsusaponins-L 5 , L 9 , and L 10 . Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 23: 2041-2047.
27. Inoue, O., T. Takeda, and Y. Ogihara. 1977. Abstr. 97th Annu. Meet. Pharm. Soc. Japan 11: 220.
28. Saito, H., Y. M. Lee, K. Takagi, and N. Kondo. 1977. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 25: 1017.
29. Kawanishi, S., Y. Mitaral, and J. Shoji. 1972. Studies on wujiapi and some related crude drugs. I. Morphological studies on bei-wujiapi and some related drugs. Yakugaku Zasshi 89: 972-978.
30. Chen, K. K. 1929. Relationship between the pharmacological action and the chemical constitution and configuration of the optical isomers of ephedrine and related compounds. J. Pharmacol. 36: 363-400.
31. Yamasaki, K., U. Sankswa, and S. Shibata. 1969. Biosynthesis of ephedrine in ephedra. Tetrahedron Lett. 47: 4099-4102.
32. Takagi S., T. Akiyama, T. Kinoshita, U. Sankawa, and S. Slubata. 1979. Minor basic constituents of evodia fruits. Shoyakugaka Zasshi 33: 30-34.
33. Huang, K. C. 1999. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. 2nd ed. CRC Press. New York. 512 p.
34. Liao, D. F., N. Lu, L. S. Lei, L. Yu., and J. X. Chen. 1995. Effects of gypenosides on mouse splenic lymphocyte transformation and DNA polymerase II activity in vitro . Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 16: 322-324.
35. Chen, K. K. and F. G. Henderson. 1965. Digitalis-like substances of antiaris. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 150: 53-56.
36. Zhang, B. H., N. S. Wang, X. J. Li, X. J. Kong, and Y. L. Cai. 1990. Anti-arrhythmic effects of matrine. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 11: 253-257.
37. Chen, X. J., H. Y. Fan, Y. F. Yao, J. X. Zhang, and W. X. Gu. 1987. Relation of the antihypertensive effect and central alpha-adrenoceptor of rhomotoxin. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 8: 247-250.
38. Kondo, H. and M. Tomita. 1936. Arch. Pharm. 274: 65-82.
39. Zhang, J. T. 1996. Studies on traditional Chinese drugs. Chin. Med. J. 109: 54-58.
40. Wu, P. C. 1983. Pharmacology of Zhong Cai Yao. Peoples' Health Publisher. Beijing. p. 90-91.
41. Lei, S. W. and Z. B. Lin. 1991. J. Beijing Med. Univ. 23: 329-333 (English abstract only).
42. Itoigawa, M., K. Takeya, and H. Furukawa. 1994. Cardiotonic flavonoids from citrus plants. Biol. Pharmacol. Bull. (Japan) 78: 1519-1521.
43. Ju, H. S. 1991. Chin. Circ. J. 6: 227-229.
44. Hans, R. H. and M. H. Park. 1986. In: Steiner (ed.). Folk Medicine. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 205-215.
45. Woo, W. S. 1985. In: Advanced Chinese Medicinal Material Research. H. M. Chang et al. (eds.). World Scientific Publishing. Singapore. p. 129-146.
46. Zhon, S. G. 1931. Chin. J. Physiol. 5: 131-140.
47. Chow, K. and I. Kramer. 1990. All the tea in China. China Books and Periodicals. San Francisco, CA.
48. Zhu, Y.-C. 1989. Plantae Medicinales China Roreali-Orientalis. Heilongjiang Sci. Technology Publ. House. 1300 p.
49. Keys, J. D. 1976. Chinese herbs - their chemistry and pharmacodynamics. Charles E. Tuttle. Vermont. 388 p.
50. Duke, J. A. and E. S. Ayensu. 1985. Medicinal Plants of China. Vol. 1 and 2. Reference Publ. Inc. Michigan. 705 p.
51. Bliss, B. 1973. Chinese Medicinal Herbs. Georgetown Press. San Francisco. 467 p.
52. Perry, L. M. 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA. 620 p.
53. Chen, F. C. 1997. Active Ingredients and Identification in Common Chinese Herbs. People Health Publ. Co. China. 872 p.
54. Chiu, N. and K. Chang. 1995. The Illustrated Medicinal Plants in Taiwan. Vol. 1. SMC Publ. Inc. Taiwan. 283 p.
55. Chiu, N. and K. Chang. 1995. The Illustrated Medicinal Plants in Taiwan. Vol. 2. SMC Publ. Inc. Taiwan. 315 p.
56. Chiu, N. and K. Chang. 1995. The Illustrated Medicinal Plants in Taiwan. Vol. 3. SMC Publ. Inc. Taiwan. 312 p.
57. Chiu, N. and K. Chang. 1995. The Illustrated Medicinal Plants in Taiwan. Vol. 4. SMC Publ. Inc. Taiwan. 319 p.
58. Chiu, N. and K. Chang. 1995. The Illustrated Medicinal Plants in Taiwan. Vol. 5. SMC Publ. Inc. Taiwan. 289 p.
59. Cordell, G. A. 1984. Studies in the Thymelacaceae. I. NMR spectral assignments of daphnoretin. J. Nat. Prod. 47: 84-88.
60. Perry, L. M. and J. Metzger. 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press. London. 620 p.
61. Crevost, C. and A. Petelot. 1929. Catalogue des produits de l'Indochine. Plantes Med. 32: 1-35.
62. Petelot, A. 1952. Les plantes medicinales du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. I. Arch. Recherches Agron. Cambodge, Laos, Vietnam 14: 1-408.
63. Arthur, H. R. and H. T. Cheung. 1960. A phytochemical survey of the Hong Kong medicinal plants. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 12: 567-570.
64. Chiu, C. 1955. A New Manual of Chinese Materia Medica. Shanghai, China. 385 p.
65. Kariyone, T. and Y. Kimura. 1949. Japanese-Chinese Medicinal Plants, Their Constituents and Medicinal Uses. 2nd ed. 519 p.
66. Gimlette, J. D. 1929. Malay Poisons and Charm Cures. 3rd ed. New York. 301 p.
67. Steinmetz, E. F. 1954. Unsigned note: soya bean, source of new edible antibiotic. Acta Phytother. 1: 15.
68. Ros, J. 1955. Traite des plantes medicinales chinoises. Encyc. Biol. 47: 1-500.
69. Chung, Y. C. 1959. New Chinese Materia Medica. Vol. 1. Roots. Beijing, China. 564 p. 300
70. Johnston, J. C., R. C Wetch, and G. L. K. Hunter. 1980. Volatile constituents of litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 28: 859-861.
71. Chung, K. T. 1959. A Chinese Native Medicinal Flora for Farmers. Beijing, China. 281 p.
72. Kariyone, T. and Y. Kimura. 1949. Japanese-Chinese Medicinal Plants, Their Constituents and Medicinal Uses. 2nd ed. Tokyo, Japan. 519 p.
73. Douglas, B. and A. K. Kiang. 1957. A phytochemical survey of the flora of Malaya. I. Alkaloids. Malayan Pharm. J. 6: 138-154.
74. Arata, Y. and T. Chashi. 1957. Studies on the constituents of Rhizoma nupharis . XII. On its third alkaloid (nupharmine). J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 77: 792.
75. Arata, Y. and H. Matsuda. 1961. Constituents of Rhizoma nupharis . XVII. Isolation of ß -sitosterol, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. Kanazawa Daigaku Yakugakubu Kenyu Nempo 10: 35-39.
76. Arthur, H. and T. Cheung. 1960. A phytochemical survey of the Hong Kong medicinal plants. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 12: 567-570.
77. Akhtardzhiev, K. and D. Koley. 1961. Composition of mucins. II. Mucins from Malya sylyestris flowers. Pharm. Zentralh. 100: 14-16.
78. Sreenis, C. G. S. van. 1958. Magic plants of the Dayak. Sarawsk Mus. J. n. s. 11: 430-436.
79. Youngken, H. W. (ed.) 1936. A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. 4th ed. New York. 1063 p.
80. Kleipool, R. J. C. and J. P. Wibaut. 1959. Mimosine (leucaenine) 5th communication. Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 69: 37-44.
81. Arthur, H. R. 1954. A phytochemical survey of some plants of North Borneo. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 6: 66-72.
82. Chaudhry, G. R., V. N. Sharma, and S. Siddiqui. 1951. Chemical constituents of Nardostachys jatamanshi . I. Isolation of a crystalline acid and an essential oil. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 10B: 48.
83. Kiang, A. K., B. Douglas, and F. Morsingh. 1961. A phytochemical survey of Malaya. II. Alkaloids. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 13: 98-104.
84. Li, C. S. 1996. Appraisal of Chinese Medicine. Shanghai Scientific and Technology Publishing Co. China. 699 p.
85. Chiu, C. 1955. A New Manual of Chinese Materia Medica. Shanghai Scientific and Technology Publishing Co. China. 385 p.
86. Petelot, A. 1952. Les plantes medicinales du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. I. Arch. Rech. Agron. Pastor. Vietnam 18: 1-284.
87. Zheng, J. H. 1983. Commonly used Chinese herbs in the treatment of carcinoma. Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
88. Roi, J. 1955. Traite des plantes medicinales chinoises. Encyc. Biol. 47: 1-500.
89. Arthur, R. 1954. A phytochemical survey of some plants of North Borneo. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 6: 66-72.
90. Plugge, P. C. 1891. Das alkaloid von Sophora tomentosa L. Arch. Pharm. 229: 561-565.
91. Zhu, J. S., G. M. Halpern, and K. Jones. 1998. The scientific rediscovery of an ancient Chinese herbal medicine: Part I. Cordyceps sinensis . J. Alternative and Complementary Med. 4: 289-305.
92. Zhu, J. S., G. M. Halpern, and K. Jones. 1998. The scientific rediscovery of an ancient Chinese herbal medicine: II. Cordyceps sinensis . J. Alternative and Complementary Med. 4: 429-457.
93. Gorter, K. 1919. Sur la distribution de la lycorine dans la famille des Amaryllidacees. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III 1: 352-358.
94. Tomita, M. and H. Ishii. 1958. Studies on the alkaloids of rutaceous plants. IV. Alkaloids of Xanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. [ Fagara ailanthoides (Sieb. & Zucc.) Engl.]. J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 78: 1441-1443.
95. Li, T. S. C. 2000. Medicinal Plants - Culture, Utilization and Phytopharmacology. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc. Lancaster, PA. 517 p.
96. Crevost, C. and A. Petelot. 1929. Catalogue des produits de l'Indochine. Plantes Med. 37: 267-311.
97. Valenzuela, P., A. C. Santos, and J. A. Concha. 1954. The chemistry and pharmacy of drugs of pharmacopoeial value from Philippine medicinal plants. Proc. 8th Pacific Sci. Congr. 4A: 170-181.
98. Balandrin, M. F. and J. A. Klocke. 1988. Medicinal, aromatic, and industrial materials from plants. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 4. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 3-36.
99. Chevallier, A. 1996. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. London. 336 p.
100. Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 677 p.
101. Guedon, D., P. Abbe, and J. L. Lamaison. 1993. Leaf and flower head flavonoids of Achillea millefolium L. subspecies. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 21: 607-611.
102. Rogers, R. D. 1997. Sundew, Moonwort, Medicinal Plants of the Prairies. Vol. 1 and 2 Edmonton, Alberta. 282 p.
103. Small, E. and P. M. Catling (eds.) 1999. Canadian Medicinal Crops. NRC Research Press. 240 p.
104. Shoyama, Y., I. Nishioka, and K. Hatano. 1991. Aconitum spp. (monkshood): somatic embryogenesis, plantregeneration, and the production of aconitine and other alkaloids. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 58-72.
105. Bown, D. 1987. Acorus calamus L: a species with a history. Aroideana (International Aroid Society, South Miami, FL) 10: 11-14.
106. Ducrey, B., J. L. Wolfender, A. Marston, and K. Hostenmann. 1955. Analysis of flavonol glycosides of thirteen Epilobium species (Onagraceae) by LC-UV and thermospray LC-MS. Phytochemisty 38: 129-137.
107. Small, E. (ed.). 1997. Culinary Herbs. NRC Research Press. Ottawa. 710 p.
108. Cavallini, A., L. Natali, and I. Castorena Sanchez. 1991. Aloe barbadensis Mill. ( = A. vera L.). In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 95-106.
109. Natali, A. C. and I. C. Sanchez. 1991. Aloe barbadensis Mill. ( = A. vera L.). In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 95-106.
110. Collin, H. A. and S. Isaac. 1991. Apium graveolens L. (celery): in vitro culture and the production of flavors. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 73-94.
111. Kato, M. 1989. Camellia sinensis L. (tea): in vitro regneration. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 82-98.
112. Furuya, T. and T. Yoshikawa. 1991. Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower): production of vitamin E in cell culture. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 142-155.
113. Furmanowa, M., D. Sowinska, and A. Pietrosiuk. 1991. Carum carvi L. (caraway): in vitro culture, embryogenesis, and the production of aromatic compounds. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 177-192.
114. Willuhn, G. 1998. Arnica flowers: pharmacology, toxicology and anlysis of the sesuiterpene lactonesn, their main active substance. In: Lawsib, L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.). Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 118-132.
115. Jayatilake, G. S. and A. J. MacLeod. 1987. Volatile constituents of Centella asiatica . In: M. Martens, G. A. Dalen, and H. Russwurm, Jr. (eds.). Flavour Science & Technology, John Wiley & Sons. New York. p. 79-82.
116. Solet, J. M., A. Simon-Ramiasa, L. Cosson, and J. L. Guignard. 1998. Centella asiatica (L.) urban (pennywort): cell culture, production of terpenoids, and biotransformation capacity. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 81-96.
117. Cordeiro, M. C., M. S. Pats, and P. E. Brodelius. 1998. Cynara cardunculus subsp. flavescens (cardoon): in vitro culture, and the production of cyprosins-milk-clotting enzymes. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 41. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 132-153.
118. Bremness L. 1994. Herbs. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. London. 304 p.
119. Sakurai, N. and M. Nagai. 1996. Chemical constitutents of original plants of Cimicifuga rhizoma in Chinese medicine. Yakugaku Zasshi 116: 850-865.
120. Struck, D., M. Tegtmeier, and G. Harnischfeger. 1997. Flavones in extract of Cimicifaga racemosa. Planta Med. 63: 289.
121. Mansell, R. L. and C. A. McIntosh. 1991. Citrus spp.: in vitro culture and the production of naringin and limonin. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 193-210.
122. Khodzhimatov, K., S. F. Fakhrutdinov, G. S. Aprasidi, N. P. Kuchni and K. Karimov. 1987. Codonopsis clematidea Schreuk - a valuable medicinal plant. Referativnyi Zh. 10: 55, 790.
123. Ishimaru, K., N. Tanaka, T. Kamiya, T. Sato, and K. Shimomura. 1998. Cornus kousa (dogwood): in vitro culture, and the production of tannins and other phenolic compounds. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 41. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 113-131.
124. Strenath, H. L. and K. S. Jagadishchandra. 1991. Cymbopogon Spreng. (aromatic grasses): in vitro culture, regeneration, and the production of essential oils. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 211-236.
125. Tominaga, T. and D. Dubourdieu. 1997. Identification of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one from the box tree ( Buxus sempervirens L.) and broom ( Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Koch.). Flavour and Fragrance J. 12: 373-376.
126. Furmanowa, M. and J. Guzewska. 1989. Dioscorea: in vitro culture and the micropropagation of diosgenin-containing species. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 162-184.
127. Halstead, B. W. and L. L. Hood. 1942. Eleutherococcus senticosus , Siberian Ginseng: An Introduction to the Concept of Adaptogenic Medicine. Oriental Healing Arts Institute. Long Beach, CA. 94 p.
128. Li, T. S. C. 2001. Siberian Ginseng. HortTechnology 11: 1-7.
129. O'Dowd, N. A., P. G. McCauley, G. Wilson, J. A. N. Parnell, T. A. K. Kavanagh, and D. J. McConnell. 1998. Ephedra species: in vitro culture, micropropagation, and the production ephedrine and other alkaloids. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 41. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 154-193.
130. Duke, J. A. and J. L. duCellier. 1993. CRC Handbook of Alternative Cash Crops. CRC Press. London. 536 p.
131. Zheng, G. Q., P. M. Kenney, and L. K. T. Lam. 1992. Sesquiterpenes from clove ( Eugenia caryophyllata ) as potential anticarcinogenic agents. J. Nat. Prod. 55: 999-1003.
132. Kameoka, H., M. Miyazawa, and K. Haze. 1975. 3-Ethyl-7-hydroxyphthalide from Forsythia japonica . Phytochemistry 14: 1676-1677.
133. Ahlemeyer, B. and J. Krieglstein. 1998. Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract. In: Lawsib, L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.). Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 210-220.
134. Arenz, A., M. Klein, K. Fiehe, J. Gross, C. Drewke, T. Hemscheidt, and E. Leistner. 1996. Occurrence of neurotoxic 4 ' -O -methylpyridoxine in Ginkgo biloba leaves, Ginkgo medications and Japanese ginkgo food. Planta Med. 62: 548-551.
135. Xing, S., G. Huangpu, Y. Zhang, J. Hou, X. Sun, F. Han, and J. Yang. 1997. Analysis of the nutritional components of the seeds of promising ginkgo cultivars. J. Fruit Sci. 14: 39-41.
136. Rigney, U., S. Kimber, and I. Hindmarch. 1999. The effects of acute doses of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteers. Phytother. Res. 13: 408-415.
137. Jacobs, B. P. and W. S. Browner. 2000. Ginkgo biloba: a living fossil. Am. J. Med. 108: 276-281.
138. Caballero, R., M. Haj-Ayed, J. F. Galvez, P. J. Hernaiz, and M. H. Ayed. 1995. Yield components and chemical composition of some annual legumes and oat under continental Mediterranean conditions. Agric. Mediterranea 125: 222-230.
139. Li, T. S. C. and W. R. Schroeder. 1996. Sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.): a multipurpose plant. HortTechnology 6: 370-380.
140. Li, T. S. C. and L. C. H. Wang. 1998. Physiological components and health effects of ginseng, echinacea and sea buckthorn. In: G. Mazza (ed.). Functional Foods, Biochemical and Processing Aspects. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc. Lancaster, PA. 460 p.
141. Oomah, D., L. Stephanie, and D. V. Godfrey. 1999. Properties of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium L.) seed oils. Proc. Canadian Inst. Food Sci. Technology Annual Conf. Kelowna, BC. 55 p.
142. Heale, J. B., T. Legg, and S. Connell. 1989. Humulus lupulus L.: in vitro culture: attempted production of bittering components and novel disease resistance. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 264-285.
143. Stevens, R. 1967. The chemistry of hop constituents. Chem. Rev. 67: 19-71.
144. Tomlinson, B., T. Y. K. Chan, J. C. N. Chan, J. A. J. H. Critchley, and P. P. H. But. 2000. Toxicity of complementary therapies: Eastern perspective. J. Chin. Pharmacol. 40: 451-458.
145. List, P. H. and L. Horhammer. 1969. Hoger's Handbuch der Pharmaceutischen Praxis. Vol. 2-6. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.
146. Morton, J. F. 1981. Atlas of Medicinal Plants of Middle America. Charles C Thomas. Springfield, IL
147. Bisset, N. G. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. London. 566 p.
148. Syrchina, A. I., N. N. Pechurina, A. L. Vereshchagin, A. G. Gorshkov, I. E. Tsapalova, and A. A. Semenov. 1993. A chemical investigation of Matteuccia struthiopteris . Chem. Nat. Compd. 29: 535-536.
149. Bastida, J., S. Bergonon, F. Viladomat, and C. Codina. 1994. Alkaloids from Narcissus primigenius. Planta Med. 60: 95-96.
150. Bracco, V. 1973. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: technique and application to coffee oil. Riv. Ital. Sostanze Grasse 50: 166-176.
151. Kreh, M., R. Matusch, and L. Witte. 1995. Acetylated alkaloids from Narcissus pseudonarcissus. Phytochemistry 40: 1303-1306.
152. Mulherjee, K. D. and I. Kiewitt. 1987. Formation of gamma linolenic acid in the higher plant evening primrose ( Oenothera biennis L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 35: 1009-1012.
153. Yamamoto, H. 1988. Paeonia spp.: in vitro culture and the production of paeoniflorin. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 4: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 464-483.
154. Bunney, S. 1992. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs, Their Medicinal and Culinary Uses. Chancellor Press. London. 320 p.
155. Li, T. S. C. 1995. Asian and American ginseng, a review. HortTechnology 5: 27-34.
156. Sticher, O. 1998. Biochemical, pharmaceutical, and medical perspectives of ginseng. In: Lawsib, L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.). Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 221-240.
157. Gray, A. I., P. Bhandari, and P. G. Waterman. 1988. New protolimonoids from the fruits of Phelloderdron chinense . Phytochemisty 27: 1805-1808.
158. Chuda, Y., H. Ono, M. Ohnishi-Kameyama, K. Matsumoto, T. Nagata, and Y. Kikuchi. 1999. Mumefural, citric acid derivative improving blood fluidity from fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot ( Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 47: 828-831.
159. Fang, T. T., and J. H. Huang. 1999. Extraction, fractionation and identification of bitter oligopeptides and amino acids in mei fruit ( Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.). J. Beijing Forestry Univ. 21: 61-71.
160. Short, K. C. and A. V. Roberts. 1991. Rosa spp. (roses): in vitro culture, micropropagation, and the production of secondary products. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 376-397.
161. McGimsey, J. 1993. Sage, Salvia officianalis. www.crop.cri.nz/broadshe/sage.htm
162. Henry, M. 1989. Saponaria officinalis L.: in vitro culture and the production of triterpenoidal saponins. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 431-442.
163. Yamamoto, H. 1991. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi: in vitro culture and the production of flavonoids. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 398-418.
164. Brown, M. S. and R. J. Molyneux. 1996. Effects of water and mineral nutrient deficiencies on pyrrolizidine alkaloid content of Senecio vulgaris flowers. J. Sci. Food Agric. 70: 209-211.
165. Chung, C. H., Y. J. Yee, D. H. Kim, H. K. Kim, and D. S. Chung. 1995. Changes of lipid, protein, RNA and fatty acid composition in developing seasame ( Sesamum indicum L.) seeds. Plant Sci. Limerick 109: 237-243.
166. Ogasawara, T., K. Chiba, and M. Tada. 1998. Sesamum indicum L. (sesame): in vitro culture and the production of naphthoquinone and other secondary metabolites. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 41. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 366-393.
167. Omer, E. A., A. M. Refaat, S. S. Ahmed, A. Kamel, and F. M. Hammouda. 1993. Effect of spacing and fertilization on the yield and active constituents of milk thistle, Silybum marianum. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants 1: 17-23.
168. Sonnenbichler, J., I. Sonnenbichler, and F. Scalera. 1998. Influence of the flavonolignan silibinin of milk thistle on hepatocytes and kidney cells. In: Lawsib, L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.) Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 263-277.
169. Szentimihalyi, K., M. Then, V. Illes, S. Perneczky, Z. Sandor, B. Lakatos, and P. Vinkler. 1998. Phytochemical examination of oils obtained from the fruit of milk thistle ( Silybum marianum L. Gaertner) by suercritical fluid extraction. Z. Naturforsch. Sec. C Biosci. 53: 9-10, 779-784.
170. Chapple, C. C. S. and B. E. Ellis. 1991. Syringa vulgaris L. (common lilac): in vitro culture and the occurrence and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid glycosides. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 478-497.
171. Lawrence, B. M. 1985. Essential oils of the Tugetes genus. Perf. Flav. 10: 73-82.
172. Kussi, T., K. Hardh, and H. Kanon. 1984. Experiments on the cultivation of dandelion for salads use. II. The nutritive value and intrinsic quality of dandelion leaves. J. Agric. Sci. Finland 56: 23-31.
173. Kuusi, T., H. Pyysalo, and K. Autio. 1985. The bitterness properties of dandelion. II. Chemical investigations. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. (Zurich) 18: 349-359.
174. Li, J. X., Q. Shi, Q. B. Xiong, J. K. Prasain, and Y. Texuka. 1998. Tribulusamide A and B, new hepatoprotective lignanamides from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris: indications of cytoprotective activity in murine hepatocyte culture. Plant Med. 64: 628-631.
175. Kaushalya, G., K. K. Thakral, S. K. Arora, M. L. Chowdhary, and K. Gupta. 1996. Structural carbohydrate and mineral contents of fenugreek seeds. Indian Cocoa, Arecanut and Spices J. 20: 120-124.
176. Baguena, C. L. 1942. Notes on some longicorns harmful to cultivated trees, including cacao and coffee, in the Spanish territories in the Gulf of Guinea. Publ. Direcc. Agric. Territ. Exp. Golfi. Guinea 6: 39-91.
177. Cunio, L. 1994. Vaccinium myrtillus . Aust. J. Med. Herbalism 5: 81-85.
178. Nazarko, L. 1995. Infection control. The therapeutic uses of cranberry juice. Nurs. Stand. 9: 33-35.
179. Ofek, I., J. Goldhar, and N. Sharon. 1996. Anti-Escherichia coli adhesin activity of cranberry and blueberry juices. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 408: 179-183.
180. Schmidt, D. R. and A. E. Sobota. 1988. An examination of the anti-adherence activity of cranberry juice on urinary and nonurinary bacterial isolates. Microbios 55: 173-181.
181. Gabius, H. J. and S. Gabius. 1998. Phytotherapeutic immunomodulation as a treatment modality in oncology: lessons from research with mistletoe. In: Lawsib , L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.). Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 278-286.
182. Ikan, R., V. Weinstein, Y. Milner, B. Bravdo, O. Shoseyov, D. Segal, A. Altman, I. Chet, D. Palevitch, and E. Putievsky. 1993. Natural glycosides as potential odorants and flavorants. Int. Symp. Medicinal Aromatic Plants, Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee, Israel 22-25 Mar., 1993. Acta Hort. 344: 17-28.
183. Bordia, A., S. K. Verma, and K. C. Srivastava. 1997. Effect of ginger ( Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and fenugreek ( Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery diseases. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids 56: 379-384.
184. Sakamura, F. and T. Suga. 1989. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger): in vitro propagation and the production of volatile constituents. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 524-538.
185. Marles, R. J., C. Clavelle, L. Monteleone, N. Tays, and D. Burns. 1999. Aboriginal Plant Use in Canada's Northwest Boreal Forest. UBC Press. Vancouver, Canada. 368 p.
186. Hetherington, M. and W. Steck. 1997. Natural chemicals from northern prairie plants: the phytochemical constituents of one thousand North American species. Fytokem Products. Saskatoon, SK.
187. Burkill, H. M. 1985. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 1. Families AD. Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, U.K.
188. Duke, J. A. and J. L. duCellier. 1993. CRC Handbook of Alternative Cash Crops. CRC Press. London. 536 p.
189. Youngken, H. W. 1950. A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. 6th ed. Blakiston Publ. Co. New York. 1063 p.
190. Kuhnlein, H. V. and N. J. Turner. 1991. Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples. Nutrition, Botany and Use. Gordon and Breach Sci. Publ. Philadelphia, PA.
191. Small, E. (ed.). 1997. Culinary Herbs. NRC Research Press. Ottawa. 710 p.
192. Mathes, H. W. D., B. Luu, and G. Ourisson. 1980. Cytotoxic components of Zingiber zerumbet, Curcuma zedoria and C. domestica . Phytochemistry 19: 2643-2650.
193. Grover, G. S. and J. T. Rao. 1987. Antimicrobial properties of the essential oils of Cymbopogon martinii and Zingiber zerumbet . Pafai J. 9: 4, 19-22.
194. Bandara, B. M. R., I. H. S. Fernando, C. M. Hewage, V. Karunaratne, N. K. B. Adikaram, and D. S. A. Wijesundara. 1989. Antifungal activity of some medicinal plants of Sri Lanka. J. Nat. Sci. Counc. Sri Lanka 17: 1, 1-13.
195. Lechat-Vahirua, I., P. Francois, C. Menut, G. Lamaty, and J. M. Bessiere. 1993. Aromatic plants of French Polynesia. I. Constituents of the essential oils of rhizomes of three Zingiberaceae: Zingiber zerumbet Smith, Hedychium coronarium Koenig and Etlingera cevuga Smith. J. Essential Oil Res. 5: 1, 55-59.
196. Akihisa, T., P. Ghosh, S. Thakur, S. Oshikiri, T. Tamura, and T. Matsumoto. 1988. 24 beta-methylcholesta-5, 22E,25-trien-3beta-ol, and 24alpha-ethyl-5alpha-cholest-22E-en-3beta-ol from Clerodendrum fragrans. Phytochemistry 27: 241-244.
197. Komai, K. and C. S. Tang. 1989. Chemical constituents and inhibitory activities of essential oils from Cyperus brevifolius and C. kyllingia. J. Chem. Ecol. 15: 2171-2176.
198. Hellion-Ibarrola, M. C., D. A. Ibarrola, Y. Montalbetti, D. Villalba, O. Heinichen, and E. A. Ferro. 1999. J. Ethnopharmacol. 66: 271-276.
199. Ohmiya, S., H. Otomasu, J. Haginiwa, and J. Murakoshi. 1978. (+)-5,17-Dehydromatrine N-oxide, a new alkaloid in Euchresta japonica. Phytochemistry 17: 2021-2022.
200. Ohmiya, S., H. Otomasu, J. Haginiwa, and J. Murakoshi. 1979. (-)-12-Cytisineacetic acid, a new lupin alkaloid in Euchresta japonica. Phytochemistry 18: 649-650.
201. Shirataki, Y., A. Manaka, I. Yokoe, and M. Komatsu. 1982. Two prenylflavanones from Euchresta japonica. Phytochemistry 21: 2959-2963.
202. Lu, C., J. Yang, P. Wang, C. Lin, C. M. Lu, J. J. Yang, P. Y. Wang, and C. C. Lin. 2000. A new acylated flavonol glycoside and antioxidant effects of Hedyotis diffusa. Planta Med. 66: 374-377.
203. Nishihama, Y., K. Masuda, M. Yamaki, S. Takagi, and K. Sakina. 1981. Three new iridoid glucosides from Hedyotis diffusa. Plants Med. 43: 28-33.
204. Ho, T. I., G. P. Chen, Y. C. Lin, Y. M. Lin, and F. C. Chen. 1986. An anthraquinone from Hedyotis diffusa. Phytochemistry 25: 1988-1989.
205. Wu, H. M., X. L. Tao, Q. Chen, and X. F. Lao. 1991. Iridoids from Hedyotis diffusa. J. Nat. Prod. 54: 254-256.
206. Wong, K. C. and G. L. Tan. 1995. Composition of the essential oil of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. J. Essential Oil Res. 7: 537-539.
207. Ojewole, J. A. O. 1980. Studies on the pharmacology of tetramethylpyrazine from the stem of Jatropha podagrica. Plants Med. 39: 238.
208. Odebiyi, O. O. 1985. Steroids and flavonoids from Jatropha podagrica stem bark. Fitoterapia 56: 302-303.
209. Saito, K., M. Nishijima, N. Ohno, T. Yadomae, and T. Miyazaki. 1992. Structure and antitumour activity of the less-branched derivatives of an alkali-soluble glucan isolated from Omphalia lapidescens. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 40: 261-263.
210. Kuhnlein, H. V. and R. Soueida. 1992. Use and nutrient composition of traditional Baffin Inuit foods. J. Food Composition Anal. 5: 112-126.
211. Dogra, J. V. V. and S. K. P. Sinha. 1979. Observation of the age related changes in the level of alpha-ketoglutaric acid in leaves of Phyllanthus simplex (Retz.). Comp. Physiol. Ecol. 4: 35-37.
212. Negi, R. S. and T. M. Fakhir. 1988. Simplexine (14-hydroxy-4-methoxy-13, 14-dihydronorsecurinine): an alkaloid from Phyllanthus simplex. Phytochemistry 27: 3027-3028.
213. Komine, H., T. Takahashi, and S. Ayabe. 1996. Properties and partial purification of squalene synthase from culture of dandelion. Phytochemistry 42: 405-409.
214. Kim, C. J., J. S. Lim, and S. K. Cho. 1996. Anti-diabetic agents from medicinal plants inhibitory activity of Schizonepeta tenuifolia spikes on the diabttogenesis by streptozotocin in mice. Arch. Pharmacol. Res. Seoul 19: 441-446.
215. Tao, J., P. Tu, W. Xu, and D. Chen. 1999. Studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the stem of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zaxhi 24: 292-294.
216. Ibrahim, N. A., S. E. El-Gengaihi, A. El-hamidi, S. Bashandy, and K. P. Svoboda. 1995. Chemical and biological evaluation of Tamarindus indica L. growing in Sudan. Int. Symp. Medicinal Aromatic Plants XXIV Int. Hort. Congress, Kyoto, Japan. 21-27 Aug., 1994. Acta Hort. 390: 51-57.
217. Syrchina, A. I., N. N. Pechurina, A. L. Vereshchagin, A. G. Gorshkov, I. E. Tsapalova, and A. A. Semenov. 1993. A chemical investigation of Matteuccia struthiopteris. Chem. Nat. Compd. 29: 535-536.
218. Seth, R., S. Dorjee, and P. Morisco. 1993. Chemical constituents of Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis. Fitoterapia 64: 375-376.
219. Meyre, S. C., T. C. Mora, M. W. Biavatti, A. R. S. Santos, M. J. Dal, R. A. Yunes, and F. V. Cechinel. 1998. Preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Aleurites moluccana leaves (L.) Willd. Phytomedicine 5: 109-113.
220. Qiao, B. L., C. D. Wang, C. F. Mi, F. X. Li, H. L. Shi, and J. Takashima. 1997. Separation and identification of the ilungianin A and B from the root of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff. Acta Pharm. Sin. 32: 56-58
221. Mel'nikova, N. and V. Smirnov. 1972. Iodine contents of herbage species. Korma 5: 44.
222. Puffe, D. and W. Zerr. 1989. The content of various secondary plant products in widespread weeds in grassland with particular regard to higher lying areas. Eichhof-Berichte No. A 11, 127 p.
223. Scehovic, J. 1988. Secondary metabolites in some grassland plants. Schweiz. Landwirtsch. Forsch. 27: 153-165.
224. Ahn, J. S., Y. S. Kwon, S. Ahn, and C. M. Kim. 1999. Anti-inflammatory constituents of Polygonum bistorta. Korean J. Pharmacognosy 30: 345-349.
225. Amoroso, V. B. 1988. Studies on medicinal ferns of the family Polypodiaceae. Philipp. J. Sci. 117: 1-15.
226. Wang, H. F., X. D. Li, Y. M. Chen, L. B. Yuan, and W. O. Foye. 1991. Radiationprotective and platelet aggregation inhibitory effects of five traditional Chinese drugs and acetylsalicylic acid following high-dose gamma-irradiation. J. Ethnopharmacol. 34: 2-3, 215-219.
227. Kuo, Y. H., S. Y. Li, M. D. Wu, R. L. Huang, and L. Kuo. 1999. A new anti-HBeAg lignan, kadsumarin A, from Kadsura matsudai and Schizandra arisanensis. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 47: 1047-1048.
228. Longland, A. C., M. K. Theodorou, R. Sanderson, S. J. Lister, C. J. Powell, and P. Morris. 1995. Non-starch polysaccharide composition and in vitro fermentability of tropical forage legumes varying in phenolic content. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 55: 3-4, 161-177.
229. Wu, R. S., S. C. Huang, M. T. Chen, and T. T. Jong. 1989. Structure, synthesis and cytotoxicity of sphenone-A, a phenanthrene-1,4-quinone from Sphenomeris biflora. Phytochemistry 28: 1280-1281.
230. Jia, T., J. Li, S. Xie, and J. Zhang. 1996. Comparative research on the constituents of the volatile oil in the rhizome of Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. and its processed products. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 21: 216-218.
231. Ahn, K., M. Hahm, E. Park, and H. Lee. 1998. Corosolic acid isolated from the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida var. psilosa is a protein kinase C inhibitor as well as a cytotoxic agent. Planta Med. 64: 468-470.
232. Akihisa, T, Y. Matsubara, P. Ghosh, S. Thakur, N. Shimizu, T. Tamura, and T. Matsumoto. 1988. The 24alpha-and 24beta-epimers of 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3beta-ol in two Clerodendrum species. Phytochemistry 27: 4, 1169-1172.
233. Ho, N. K. 1996. Traditional Chinese medicine and treatment of neonatal jaundice. Singapore Med. J. 37: 645-651.
234. Li, B.Q., T. Fu, Y. D. Yan, N. W. Baylor, F. Ruscetti, and H. F. Kung. 1993. Inhibition of HIV infection by baicalin: a flavonoid compound purified from Chinese herbal medicine. Cell. Mol. Biol. Res. 39: 119-124.
235. Fang, S. D., R. S. Xu, and Y. S. Gao. 1981. Some recent advances in the cheimical studies of Chinese herbal medicine. Am. J. Bot. 68: 300-303.
236. Li, W. K., C. L. Chan, and H. W. Lueng. 2000. Liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry as a tool for the characterization of anthraquinone derivative from Chinese herbal medicine. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 52: 723-729.
237. Hamasaki, N., E. Ishill, K. Tominaga, Y. Texuka, T. Nagaoka, S. Kadota, T. Kuroki, and I. Yano. 2000. Highly selective antibacterial activity of novel alkyl quinolone alkaloids from a Chinese herbal medicine, Gosyuyu (Wu-Chu-Yu), against Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Microbiol. Immunol. 44: 9-15.
238. Wu, T. N., K. C. Yang, C. M. Wang, J. S. Lai, and K. N. Ko. 1996. Lead poisoning caused by contaminated cordycep, a Chinese herbal medicine: two case reports. Sci. Total Environ. 182: 1-3, 193-195.
239. Numata, M., A. Yamamoto, A. Moribayashi, and H. Yamada. 1994. Antitumor components isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Coix lachryma-jobi. Plant Med. 60: 356-359.
240. Ji, S. G., Y. F. Chai, G. Q. Zhang, Y. T. Wu, and X. P. Yin. 1999. Determination of tetraphydropalmatine in Chinese traditional medicine by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 20: 1904-1906.
241. Asano, K., J. Matsuishi, Y. Yu, T. Kasahara, and T. Hisamitsu. 1998. Suppressive effects of Triptergium wilfordii Hook f. a traditional Chinese medicine, on collagen arthritis in mice. Immunopharmacology 39: 117-126.
242. Izumi, S., N. Ohno, T. Kawakita, K. Nomoto, and T. Yadomae. 1997. Wide range of molecular weight distribution of mitogenic substance(s) in the hot water extract of a Chinese herbal medicine, Bupleurum chinense. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 20: 759-764.
243. Lin, G., Y. P. Ho, P. Li, and X. G. Li. 1995. Puqiedinone, a novel 5-alpha-cevanine alkaloid from the bulbs of Fritillaria puqiensis, and antitussive traditional Chinese medicine. J. Nat. Prod. Lloydia 58: 1662-1667.
244. Shi, D., S. He, Y. Jiang, and J. Qian. 1995. The effects of traditional Chinese medicine Cistanche species on the immune function and lipid peroxidation. Acta Acad. Med. Shanghai 22: 307-308.
245. Lin, H. W., G. Y. Han, and S. X. Liao. 1994. Studies on the active constituents of the Chinese traditional medicine Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce. Yaoxue Xuebao 29: 215-222.
246. Wei, M. J., X. Luo, X. Wang, and J. S. Zhu. 1991. Study of chemical pattern recognition as applied to quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine "Wei Ling Xian." Acta Pharm. Sin. 26: 772-776.
247. Rao, G. X., H. D. Sun, Z. W. Lin, and R. Y. Hu. 1991. Studies on the chemical constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine "Yun Qian-Hu" (Peucedanum rubricaule Shan et Shch.). Acta Pharm. Sin. 26: 30-36.
248. Guo, P., Z. Li, Z. Hong, S. Liu, and T. Wu. 1991. Determination of berberine hydrochloride in traditional Chinese medicine containing Coptis chinensis Franch. by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. J. West China Univ. Med. Sci. 22: 90-92.
249. Kasuya, S., C. Goto, K. Koga, H. Ohtomo, N. Kagei, and G. Honda. 1990. Lethal efficacy of leaf extract from Perilla frutescens (traditional Chinese medicine) or perillaldehyde on Anisakis larvae in vitro. Jpn. J. Parasitol. 39: 220-225.
250. Baba, K., Y. Yoneda, M. Kozawa, E. Fujita, N. H. Wang, and C. Q. Yuan. 1989. Studies on Chinese traditional medicine "Fang-Feng". II. Comparison of several Fang-Feng by coumarins, chromones, and polyacetylenes. Shoyakugaku Xasshi 43: 216-221.
251. Kuang, H. X., R. Kasai, K. Ohtani, Z. S. Liu, C. S. Yuan, and O. Tanaka. 1989. Chemical constituents of pericarps of Rosa davurica Pall., a traditional Chinese medicine. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 37: 2232-2333.
252. Ishida, H., T. Umino, K. Tsuji, and T. Kosuge. 1989. Studies on the antihemostatic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in traditional Chinese medicine. I. On the antihemostatic principles in Sophora japonica L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 37: 1616-1618
253. Mizutani, K., M. Yuda, O. Tanaka, Y. I. Saruwatari, T. Fuwa, M. R. Jia, Y. K. Ling, and X. F. Fu. 1988. Chemical studies on Chinese traditional medicine, Dangshen. I. Isolation of (Z)-3-and (E)-2-hexenyl-beta-D-glucosides. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 36: 2689-2690.
254. Chu, C. and S. Yang. 1986. Thin-layer chromatographic differentiation of Cinnamomum cassia in Chinese traditional medicine. Bull. Chin. Materia Med. 11: 609-611.
255. Ji, X. H., Y. Li, H. W. Liu, Y. N. Yan, and J. S. Li. 2000. Determination of alkaloids in rhizoma of some Mahonia plants hy HPCE. Acta Pharm. Sin. 35: 220-223.
256. Rogelj, B., T. Popovic, A. Ritonja, B. Strukelj, and J. Brzin. 1998. Chelidocystatin, a novel phytocystatin from Chelidonium majus. Phytochemistry 49: 1645-1649.
257. Yoshino, M., M. Ito, H. Okajima, M. Haneda, and K. Murakami. 1997. Role of baicalein compounds as antioxidant in the traditional herbal medicine. Biomed. Res. 18: 349-352.
258. Lin, Y. C., T. Jin, X. Y. Wu, Z. Q. Huang, J. S. Huang, J. S. Fan, and W. L. Chan. 1997. A novel bisesquiterpenoid, biatractylolide, from the Chinces herbal plant Atractylodes macrocephala. J. Nat. Prod. 60: 27-28.
259. Sakurai, M. H., T. Matsumoto, H. Kiyohara, and H. Yamada. 1996. Detection and tissue distribution of anti-ulcer pectic polysaccharides from Bupleurum falcatum by polyclonal antibody. Planta Med. 62: 341-346.
260. Kinoshita, K., T. Kawai, T. Imaizume, Y. Akita, K. Koyama, and K. Takahashi. 1996. Anti-emetic principles of Inula linariaefolia flowers and Forsythia suspensa fruits. Phytomedicine 3: 51-58.
261. Wong, R. N. S., N. K. Mak, W. T. Choi, and P. T. W. Law. 1995. Increased accumulation of trichosanthin in Trichosanthes kirilowii induced by microorganisms. J. Exp. Bot. 46: 284, 355-358.
262. Oyama, T., T. Isono, Y. Suzuki, and Y. Hayakawa. 1994. Anti-nociceptive effects of Aconiti tuber and its alkaloids. Am. J. Chin. Med. 22: 175-182.
263. Kasai, S., S. Watanabe, J. Kawabata, S. Tahara, and J. Mizutani. 1992. Antimicrobial catechin derivatives of Agrimonia pilosa. Phytochemistry 31: 787-789.
264. Kang, R., R. Helms, M. J. Stout, H. Jaber, Z. Q. Chen, and T. Nakatsu. 1992. Antimicrobial activity of the volatile constituents of Perilla frutescenes and its synergistic effects with polygodial. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40: 2328-2330.
265. Ishiguro, K., M. Yamaki, M. Kashihara, S. Takagi, and K. Isoli. 1990. A chromene from Hypericum japonicum. Phytochemistry 29: 1010-1011.
266. Yamade, H., K. S. Ra, H. Kiyohara, J. C. Cyong, H. C. Yang, and Y. Otsuka. 1988. Characterization of anti-complementary neutral polysaccarides from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum. Phytochemistry 27: 3163-3168.
267. Han, J. and D. H. K. Luan. 1984. Sow abortion caused by feeding Cynanchum auriculatum. Anim. Husb. Vet. Med. Humu Yu Shouyi 16: 266.
268. Tong, C. C. 1995. Nutraceutical properties of the mushroom ganoderma. Tunas Buletin Maklumat Pertanian Malaysis 15: 1-6.
269. Wei, Z., J. Pan, and Y. Li. 1992. Artemisinin G: a sesquiterpene from Artemisia annua. Plant Med. (Germany) 58: 3090.
270. Jiang, Z., S. Chen, and J. Zhou. 1988. Study on chemical constituent of Aconitum austroyunnanense (I). Acta Bot. Yunnanica (China) 10: 317-323.
271. Farnsworth, N. R. 1999. NAPRALERT: natural products alert database. Program for collaborative research in the Pharmaceutical Science Department of Medicinal Chem. Pharmacognosy, College Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago.
272. Zhang, S. and K. Cheng. 1989. Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels: in vitro culture, regeneration, and the production of medicinal compounds. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 1-22.
273. Misik, V., L. Bezakova, L. Malekova, and D. Kostalova. 1995. Lipoxygenase inhibition and antioxidant properties of protoberberine and aporphine alkaloids isolated from Mahonia aquifolium. Planta Med. 61: 372-373.
274. Muller, K. and K. Ziereis. 1994. The antipsoriatic Mahonia aquifolium and its active consitutents. I. Pro-and antioxidant properties and inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. Planta Med. 60: 421-424.
275. Mallet, J. F., C. Cerrati, E. Ucciani, J. Gamisans, and M. Gruber. 1994. Antioxidant activity of plant leaves in relation to their alpha-tocopherol content. Food Chem. 49: 61-65.
276. Woldemariam, T. Z., J. M. Betz, and P. J. Houghton. 1997. Analysis of aporphine and quinolizidine alkaloids from Caulophyllum thalictroides by densitometry and HPLC. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 15: 839-843.
277. Heptinstall, S. and D. V. C. Awang. 1998. Feverfew: a review of its histroy, its biological and medicinal properties, and the status of commercial preparations of the herb. In: Lawsib, L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.). Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 158-175.
278. Shahat, A. A., S. I. Ismail, F. N. Hammouda, and S. A. Azzam. 1998. Anti-HIV activity of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins from Crataegus sinalica. Phytomedicine 5: 133-136.
279. Sticher, O. and B. Meier. 1998. Hawthorn (Crataegus): biological activity and new strategies for quality control. In: Lawsib, L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.). Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 241-262.
280. Henry, M., A. M. Edy, P. Desmarest, and J. Du Manuir. 1991. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice): cell culture, regeneration, and the production of glycyrrhizin. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 270-282.
281. Ihantola, V. A., J. Summanen, and H. Kankaanranta 1997. Anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from leaves of Phyllanthus emblica. Planta Med. 63: 518-524.
282. Brinda, S., U. W. Smitt, V. George and P. Pushpangadan. 1998. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from Jasminum azoricum and Jasminum grandiflorum. Planta Med. 64: 246-250.
283. Jonard, R. 1989. Jasminum spp. (jasmine): micropropagation and the production of essential oils. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 315-331.
284. Small, E. 1999. New crops for Canadian agriculture. In: Janick, J. (ed.). Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press. Alexandra, VA. p.15-52.
285. Muller, D., A. Carnat, and J. L. Lamaison. 1991. Fucus: comparative study of Fucus vesiculosus L., Fucus serratus L. and Ascophyllum nodosum Le Jolis. Plantes Med. Phytother. 25: 194-201.
286. Ortega-Calvo, J. J., C. Mazuelos, B. Hermosin, and C. Saiz-Jimenez. 1993. Chemical composition of Spirulina and eukaryotic algae food products marketed in Spain. J. Appl. Phycol. 5: 425-435.
287. Teas, J. 1973. The dietary intake of Laminaria, a brown seaweed, and breast cancer prevention. Nutr. Cancer 4: 217-222.
288. Walkiw, O. and D. E. Douglas. 1975. Health food supplements prepared from kelp - a source of elevated urinary arsenic. Clin. Toxicol. 8: 325-331.
289. Murray, M. T. 1995. The Healing Power of Herbs. Prima Publishing. Rocklin, CA. 410 p.
290. Turner, N. J. 1982. Traditional use of devil's-club (Oplopanax horridus; Araliaceae) by native peoples in western North America. J. Ethnobiol. 2: 17-38.
291. Moes, A. 1966. A parallel study of the chemical composition of Polygala senega and of "Securidaca longepedunculata" Fres. var. parvifolia, a Congolese polygalacea. J. Phar. Belg. 21: 347-362.
292. Takeda, O., S. Azuma, H. Mizukami, T. Ikenaga, and H. Ohashi. 1986. Cultivation of Polygala senega var. latifolia. II. Effect of soil moisture content on the growth and senegin content. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 40: 434-437.
293. Zapesochnaya, G. G. and V. A. Kurkin. 1983. The flavonoids of the rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea. II. A flavonolignan and glycosides of herbacetin. Chem. Nat. Comp. 19: 21-29.
294. Stevens, J. F., E. T. Elema, A. Bolck, and H. Hart. 1996. Flavonoid variation in Eurasian Sedum and Sempervivum. Phytochemistry 41: 503-512.
295. Whiterup, K. M., S. A. Look, M. W. Stasko, T. J. Ghiorzi, G. M. Muschik, and G. M. Cragg. 1990. Taxus spp. needles contain amounts of taxol comparable to the bark of Taxus brevifolia: analysis and isolation. J. Nat. Prod. 53: 1249-1255.
296. Wickremesinhe, E. R. M. and R. N. Arteca. 1998. Taxus species (yew): in vitro culture, and the production of taxol and other secondary metabolites. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 41. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 415-442.
297. Keplinger, K., G. Laus, M. Wurm, M. P. Dierich, and H. Teppner. 1999. Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC: ethnomedicinal use and new pharmacological, toxicological and botanical results. J. Ethnopharmacol. 64: 23-34.
298. Obregon Vilches, L. E. 1995. Cat's Claw. 3rd ed. Institute de Fitoterapia Americano. Lima, Peru. 169 p.
299. Wurm, M., L. Kacani, G. Laus, K. Keplinger, and M. P. Dierich. 1998. Pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa induce human endothelial cells to release a lymphocyte proliferation regulating factor. Planta Med. 64: 701-704.
300. Rogiers, S. Y. and N. R. Knowles. 1997. Physical and chemical changes during growth, maturation, and ripening of saskatoon. Can. J. Bot. 75: 1215-1225.
301. Fraisse, D., A. Carnat, and J. L. Lamaison. 1996. Polyphenolic composition of the leaf of bilberry. Am. Pharm. Fr. 54: 280-283.
302. Rogers, R. D. (ed.). 1999. Sundew, Moonwort, Medicinal Plants of the Prairies. Vol. 3 R. D. Roger. Edmonton, Alberta. 181 p.
303. Rogers, R. D. 2000. Sundew, Moonwort, Medicinal Plants of the Prairies. Vol. 4. R. D. Roger. Edmonton, Alberta. 237 p.
304. Awang, D. 1997. Saw palmetto, african prune and stinging nettle for benign prostatic hyperplasic (BPH). Can. Pharm. J. Nov. 1997. p. 37-40, 43-44, 60.
305. Baresova, H. 1988. Centaurium erythraea Rafn: micropropagation and the production of secoiridoid glucosides. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 4. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 350-366.
306. Fuentes-Granados, R. G., M. P. Widrlechner, and L. A. Wilson. 1998. An overview of Agastache research. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants 6: 69-97.
307. Shishoo, C. J., S. A. Shah, I. S. Rathod, and S. G. Patel. 1997. Determination of vitamin C content of Phyllanthus emblica and Chyavanprash. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 59: 268-270.
308. Van den Berg, A. J. J. and R. P. Labadie. 1988. Rhamnus spp.: in vitro production of anthraquinones, anthrones, and dianthrones. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 4. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 513-528.
309. Winterhoff, H. 1998. Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree): pharmacological and clinical data. In: Lawsib, L. D. and R. Bauer (eds.) Phytomedicines of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society. Washington, D.C. p. 299-307.
310. Zhao, X., J. Wang, M. Yang, and X. Pan. 1996. Study on the chemical constituents of the essential oil of berries of Physalis pubescene. J. NorthEast Forestry Univ. 24: 94-98.
311. Arenz, A., M. Klein, K. Fiehe, J. Gross, C. Drewke, T. Hemscheidt, and E. Leistner. 1996. Occurrence of neurotoxic 4'-O-methylpyridoxine in Ginkgo biloba leaves, Ginkgo medications and Japanese ginkgo food. Planta Med. 62: 548-551.
312. Henry, M., A. M. Edy, P. Desmarest, and J. du Manuir. 1991. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice): cell culture, regeneration, and the production of glycyrrhizin. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 270-282.
313. Keplinger, K., G. Laus, M. Wurm, M. P. Dierich, and H. Teppner. 1999. Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. ethnomedicinal use and new pharmacological, toxicological and botanical results. J. Ethnopharmacol. 64: 23-34.
314. Srivastava, K. C. and N. Malhotra. 1991. Acetyl eugenol, a component of oil of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) inhibits aggregation and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acid 42: 73-81.
315. Yokoyama, M. and S. Inomata 1998. Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle): in vitro culture, and high-level production of arbutin by biotrranformation. In: Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 41. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 67-80.
316. Fujimoto, Y., A. Soemartono, and M. Sumatra. 1988. Sesquiterpene lactones from Blumea balsamifera. Phytochemistry 27: 1109-1111.
317. Lin, Y. C., K. G. Long, and Y. J. Deng. 1988. Studies on the chemical constituents of the Chinsese medicinal plant Blumea balsamifera. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Univ. Sunyatseni 2: 77-80.
318. Fukuyama, Y., Y. Kiriyama, and M. Kodama. 1993. Concise synthesis of belamcandaquinones A and B by palladium (0) catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of bromoquinone with arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett. 34: 7637-7638.
319. Ma, L., Z. W. Song, and F. Wu. 1996. Determination of five isoflavones in Belamcanda chinensis by RP-HPLC. Yaoxue Xuebao 31: 945-949.
320. Takahashi, K., Y. Hoshino, S. Suzuki, Y. Hano, and T. Nomura. 2000. Iridals from Iris tectorum and Belamcanda chinensis. Phytochemistry 53: 925-929.
321. Beerhues, L. and U. Berger. 1994. Xanthones in cell suspension cultures of two Centaurium species. Phytochemistry (Oxford) 35: 1227-1231.
322. Beerhues, L. 1996. Benzophenone synthase from cultured cells of Centaurium erythraea. FEBS Lett. 383: 264-266.
323. Nikolova, D. B. and N. Handjieva. 1996. Quantitative determination of swertiamarin and gentiopicroside in Centaurium erythrea and C. turcicum by densitometry. Phytochem. Anal. 7: 140-142.
324. Peumans, W. J., H. C. Winter, V. Berner, and L. Van-Leuven. 1997. Isolation of a novel plant lectin with an unusual specificity from Calystegia sepium. Glycoconjugate J. 14:259-265
325. Goldmann, A., B. Message, D. Tepfer, R. J. Molyneux, O. Duclos, F. D. Boyer, and A. D. Elbein. Biological activities of the nortropane alkaloid, calystegine B2, and analogs: structure-function relationships. J. Nat. Prod. 59: 1137-1142.
326. Kapadia, G. J., Y. N. Shuykla, and S. P. Basak. 1978. Melovinone, an open chain analogue of melochinone from Melochia tomentosa. Phytochemistry 17: 1444-1445.
327. Kapadia, G. J. and Y. N. Shukla. 1993. Ju899Melosatin D: a new isatin alkaloid from Melochia tomentosa roots. Plants Med. 59: 568-569.
328. Harvala, E., J. Exner, and H. Becher. 1984. Flavonoids of Loranthus europaeus. J. Nat. Prod. 47: 1054-1055.
329. Berg, T., S. Damtoft, S. R. Jensen, B. J. Nielsen, and L. F. Rickelt. 1985. Iridoid glucosides from Pedicularis. Phytochemistry 24: 491-493.
330. Konoshima, T., M. Takasaki, M. Kozuka, H. Tokuda, H. Nishino, E. Matsuda, and M. Nagai. 1997. Anti-tumor promoting activities of isoflavonoids from Wistaria brachybotrys. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 20: 865-868.
331. Konoshima, T., M. Kozuka, M. Haruna, and K. Ito. 1991. Constituents of leguminous plants. XIII. New triterpenoid saponins from Wisteria brachybotrys. J. Nat. Prod. 54: 830-836.
332. Konoshima, T., M. Kozuka, M. Haruna, K. Ito, and T. Kimura. 1989. Studies on the constituents of leguminous plants. XI. The structures of new triterpenoids from Wisteria brachybotrys Sieb. et Zucc. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37: 1550-1553.
333. Perdue, R. E., Jr. 1977. Thalictrum dasycarpum: source of the antitumor agent thalicarpine. Lloydia 40: 607.
334. http://www.aabhealth.com/herbsdefined.htm
335. http://dbhs.wvusdk12ca.us/chem.history
336. http://www.botanical.com
337. Ishikura, N. and S. Sato. 1977. Isolation of new kaempferol glycosides from the leaves of Euonymus. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 90: 83-87.
338. Yamada, K., Y. Shizuri, and Y. Hirata. 1978. Isolation and structures of new alkaloid alatamine and an insecticidal alkaloid wilfordine. Tetrahedron 34: 1915-1920.
339. Ishiwata, H., Y. Shizuri, and K. Yamada. 1983. Three sesquiterpenee alkaloids from Euonymus alatus forma striatus. Phytochemistry 22: 2839-2841.
340. Hikino, H., M. Tamada, and K. Y. Yen. 1978. Mallorepine, eyano-gamma-pyridone from Mallotus repandus. Plants Med. 33: 385-388.
341. Saijo, R., G. Nonaka, and I. Nishioka. 1989. Tannins and related compounds LXXXVII. Isolation and characterization of four new hydrolyzable tannins from the leaves of Mallotus repandus. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37: 2624-2630.
342. Kohli, D. V. 1988. A new saponin, stigmasta-5,24(28)-diene-3beta-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, from the seeds of Sesbania sesban. Fitoterapia 59: 478-479.
343. El-Sayed, N. H. 1991. A rare kaempferol trisaccharide anti-tumor promoter from Sesbania sesban. Pharmazie 46: 679-680.
344. Marston, A., K. Hostettmann, J. B. Harborne, and F. A. Tomas-Barberan. 1991. Plant saponins: chemistry and molluscicidal action. Ecological chemistry biochemistry plant terpenoids. Proc. Phytochem. Soc. Europe 31. p. 264-286.
345. Bown, D. 1995. Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses. The Reader's Digest Assn. (Canada) Ltd. Westmount, QC. 424 p.
346. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/sancom13.html
347. Willard, T. 1992. Edible and medicinal plants of the rocky mountains and neighbouring territories. Wild Rose College of Natural Healing, Ltd. Calgary, AB. 278 p.
348. Bremness, L. 1994. Herbs. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. London., 304 p.
349. Hau, D. M., K. T. Chen, M. Wang, I. Lin, and W. C. Chen. 1996. Protective effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in gamma-irradiated mice. Am. J. Chin. Med. 24: 83-92.
350. Mei, K. F., X. Shen, Y. M. Ye, and H. M. Fei. 1993. Transformation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and saponin production in hairy root cultures. Acta Bot. Sin. 95: 626-631.
351. Akihisa, T., N. Shimizu, P. Ghosh, S. Thakur, F. U. Rosenstein, T. Tamura, and T. Matsumoto. 1987. Sterols of the Cucurbitaceae. Phytochemistry 26: 1693-1706.
352. Zhang, J. S., Z. Tian, and Z. C. Lou. 1989. Quality evaluation of twelve species of Chinese ephedra (Ma Huang). Acta Pharm. Sin. 24: 865-871.
353. Nishiyama, N., H. Saito, and P. J. Chu. 1995. Beneficial effects of biota, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on learning impairment induced by basal forebrainlesion in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 18: 1513-1517.
354. Mi, H. M., C. G. Li, Z. W. Su, N. P. Wang, J. X. Zhao, and Y. G. Jiang. 1987. Studies on chemical consituents and antifungal activities of essential oil from Oplopanax elatus Nakai. Acta Pharm. Sin. 22: 549-552.
355. Takino, Y., M. Koshioka, M. Shlokawa, Y. Ishil, S. Maruyama, M. Higashino, and T. Hayashi. 1979. Quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid liquorice roots and extracts by TLC-densitometry. Hippokrates Verlag GmbH 36: 74-78.
356. Killacky, J., M. S. F. Ross, and T. D. Turner. 1976. The determination of betaglycyrrhetinic acid in liquorice by high pressure liquid chromatography. Plant Med. 30: 310-316.
357. Larry, D. 1973. Gas-chromatographic determination of ß-asarome, a component of oil of calamus, in flavors and beverages. J. Assn. Off. Anal. Chem. 56: 1281-1283.
358. Pichon, P. 1971. The anthocyanin pigments of Epilobium rosmarinifolium Haenke (Onagraceae). Plant Med. 5: 115-117.
359. Luning, B. 1964. Studies of species Orchidaceae alkaloids. I. Screening of species for alkaloids. Acta Chem. Scand. 18: 1507-1516.
360. Bognar, R. 1965. Steroid alkaloid glycosides. VIII. Review of specific investigations on the occurrence of steroid alkaloid glycosides in genus Solanum. Pharmazie 20: 40-42.
361. Sohreiber, K. 1963. On the appearance of glycoside alkaloid in tuber-bearing species of the genus Solanum L. solanum alkaloids. XXVII. Kulturpflanze 11: 422-450.
362. Duke, J. A. 2000. Returning to our medicinal roots. Mother Earth News. Dec.-Jan. 2000. p. 23-24, 26-33.
363. Yarnell, E. 2000. The botanical roots of pharmaceutical discovery. Alternative & Complementary Therapies. June 2000, p. 125-128.
364. Fang, S. D., R. S. Xu, and Y. S. Gao. 1980. Some recent advances in the chemical studies of Chinese herbal medicine. Am. J. Bot. 68: 300-303.
365. Perharic, L., D. Shaw, C. Leon, V. S. G. Murray, and P. De-Smet. 1995. Possible association of liver damage with the use of Chinese herbal medicine for skin disease. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 37: 562-566.
366. Zhu, D. Y., D. L. Bai, and X. C. Tang, 1996. Recent studies on traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Drug Dev. Res. 39: 147-157.
367. Widrlechner, M. and S. Foster. 1991. Chinese medicinal plants in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Herb Spice Med. Plant Dig. 9(4): 1-5.
368. Borchers, A. T., R. M. Hackman, C. L. Keen, J. S. Stern, and M. Eric Gershwin. 1997. Complementary medicine: a review of immunomodulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicines. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 66: 1303-1312.
369. Zhu, D. Y., D. L. Bai, and X. C. Tang. 1997. Recent studies on traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Drug Dev. Res. 39: 147-157.
370. Nortier, J. L., M. M. Martinez, H. H. Schmeiser, V. M. Arlt, C. A. Bieler, M. Petein, M. F. Depierreux, L. De Pauw, D. Abramowicz, P. Vereerstraeten, and J. L. Vanherweghem. 2000. Urothelial carcinoma assoicated with the use of a Chinese herb (Aristolochia fangchi). N. Engl. J. Med. 342: 1686-1692.
371. Brekhman, I. I. and M. A. Grinevitch. 1981. Oriental medicine: a computerized study of complex recipes and their components: analysis of recipes intended to cure certain disease. Am. J. Chin. Med. 9(1): 34-38.
372. Shibata, S. 1979. The chemistry of Chinese drugs. Am. J. Chin. Med. 7(2): 103-141.
373. Cheng, J. T. 2000. Review: drug therapy in Chinese traditional medicine. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40: 445-450.
374. Chen, J. K. 2000. Nephropathy associated with the use of Aristolchia. HerbalGram 48: 44-45.
375. Tomlinson, B., T. Y. K. Chan, J. C. N. Chan, J. A. J. H. Critchley, and P. P. H. But. Toxicity of complementary therapies: an Eastern perspective. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40: 451-456.
376. Lambert, J., J. Srivastava, and N. Vietmeyer. 1997. Medicinal Plants, rescuing a global heritage. World Bank Technical Paper No. 355. 61 p.
377. Tang, J. L., S. Y. Shan, and E. Ernst. 1999. Review of randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine (letter). Br. Med. J. 319: 160-161.
378. Koo, J. and S. Arain. 1998. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of determatologic disorders. Arch. Dermatol. 134: 1388-1393.
379. Fruehauf, H. 1999. Chinese medicine in crisis. J. Chin. Med. 61: 6-14.
380. Lahans, T. 2000. Integrated medicine: the interface between oriental and conventional medicine. J. Naturopathic Med. 7: 28-33.
381. Ninomiya, H., T. Mitsuma, M. Takara, T. Yokozawa, K. Terasawa, and H. Okuda. 1998. Effects of the oriental medical prescription Wen-Pi-Tang in patients receiving dialysis. Phytomedicine 5: 245-252.
382. Bensoussan, A., N. J. Tally, M. Hing, R. Menzies, A. Guo, and M. Ngu. 1998. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with a Chinese herbal medicine. J.A.M.A. 280: 1585-1589.
383. Monmaney, T. 1998. A dose of caution. The Los Angeles Times. Sept. 1, 1998.
384. Eisenberg, D. M., R. C. Kessler, C. Foster, F. E. Norlock, D. R. Calkins, and T. L. Delbanco. 1993. Unconventional medicine in the United States: prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. N. Engl. J. Med. 328: 246-252.
385. Marwick, C. 1995. Growing use of medicinal botanicals forces assessment by drug regulators. J.A.M.A. 273: 607-609.
386. Frankel, E. N., J. Kanner, J. B. German, E. Parks, and J. E. Kinsella. 1993. Inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein by phenolic substances in red wine. Lancet 341: 454-457.
387. Ramarathnam, N., T. Osawa, H. Ochi, and S. Kawakishi. 1995. The contribution of plant food antioxidants for human health. Trend. Food Sci. Technol. 6: 75-82.
388. Farnsworth, N. R. 1990. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester, U.K. p. 2-14.
389. Reid, D. P. 1986. Chinese Herbal Medicine. Shambhala Publications. Boston, MA. 174 p.
390. Tao, S. and P. E. Lipsky. 2000. The Chinese anti-immunosuppressive herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Complement. Altern. Ther. Rheum. Dis. II 26(1): 29-50.
391. Anonymous. 1992. Rediscovering wormwood; qinghaosu for malaria. Lancet. March 14, 1992. p. 649-651.
392. J. Vanherwegheum. 1993. Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. Lancet 341: 387-391.
393. E. O. Espinoza. 1995. Arsenic and mercury in traditional Chinese herbal balls. N. Engl. J. Med. 333: 803-804.
394. Hoffman, S. L. 1996. Artemether in severe malaria - still too many deaths. N. Engl. J. Med. 335: 124-125.
395. Day, M. 1996. Malaria falls to herbal remedy. New Scientist. July 13, 1996, p. 4.
396. Ernst, E. 1998. Harmless herbs? A review of the recent literature. Am. J. Med. 104: 170-178.
397. A. Bensoussan. 1998. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Chinese herbal medicine. J.A.M.A. 280: 1585-1589.
398. Vimala, S. 1999. Anti-tumour promoter activity in Malaysian ginger rhizobia used in traditional medicine. Br. J. Cancer 80: 110-116.
399. Miller, L. G. 1998. Herbal medicinals. Arch. Intern. Med. 158: 2200-2011.
400. Havel, R. J. 1999. Dietary supplement or drug? The case of chloestin. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69: 175-176.
401. Bok, J. W., L. Lermer, J. Chilton, H. G. Klingeman, and G. H. N. Towers. 1999. Antitumor sterols from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. Phytochemistry 51: 891-898.
402. Yong-Lu, L., L. Yin, J. W. Yang, and C. X. Liu. 1997. Studies on pharmacological activities of cultivated Cordyceps sinensis. Phytother. Res. 11: 237-239.
403. Kim, S. H., Y. S. Kim, C. K. Lee, and S. S. Han. 1999. In vitro chemopreventive effects of plant polysaccharides (Aloe barbadensis, Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum and Coriolus versicolor). Carcinogenesis 220: 1637-1640.
404. Eo, S. K. 1999. Antiviral activities of various water and methanol soluble substances isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. J. Ethnopharmacol. 68: 129-136.
405. Conney, A. H., Y. P. Lu, Y. R. Lou, J. G. Xie, and M. T. Huang.1999. Inhibitory effect of green and black tea on tumor growth. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 220: 229-233.
406. Chung, F. L. 1999. The prevention of lung cancer induced by a tobacco-specific carcinogens in rodents by green and black tea. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 220: 244-248.
407. Zhu, M., Q. Chang, L. K. Wong, F. S. Chong, and R. C. Li. 1999. Triterpene antioxidants from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytotherapy 13: 529-531.
408. Lee-Huang, S., H. C. Chen, P. L. Huang, A. Bourinbaiai, H. I. Huang, and H. Kung. 1995. Anti-HIV and anti-tumor activities of recombinant MAP30 from bitter melon. Gene 161: 151-156.
409. Yang, G. Y., J. Liao, K. Kim, E. J. Yurkow, and C. S. Yang. 1998. Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by tea polyphenols. Carcinogenesis 19: 611-616.
410. Awe, S. O., O. A. Olajide, and J. M. Makinde. 1998. Inhibitory effects of isoflavones in roots of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. (Astragali radix) on lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species. Phytother. Res. 12: 59-61.
411. Zheng, R. L., J. H. Kang, F. Y. Chen, P. F. Wang, J. G. Ren, and Q. L. Liu. 1997. Antioxidative components isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. (Astragali radix). Phytother. Res. 11: 603-605.
412. Zhu, J. S., G. M. Halpern, and K. Jones. 1998. The scientific rediscovery of an ancient Chinese herbal medicine: Cordyceps sinensis. I. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 4: 289-303
413. Chen, Y. J., M. S. Shiao, S. S. Lee, and S. Y. Wang. 1997. Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells. Life Sci. 60: 2349-2359.
414. Nakamura, K., Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kagota, Y. M. Kwon, K. Shinozuka, and M. Kunitomo. 1999. Inhibitory effect of Cordyceps sinensis on spontaneous liver metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma cells in syngeneic mice. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 79: 335-341.
415. Ng, C. R. A. 1997. Polysaccharopeptide from Coriolus versicolor has potential for use against human immunodeficiency virus type I infection. Life Sci. 60: 383-387.
416. Kobayashi, H., K. Matsunaga, Y. and Oguchi. 1995. Antimetastatic effects of PSK (krestin), a protein bound polysaccharide obtained from basidiomycetes: an overview. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 4: 275-281.
417. Ng, T. B. 1998. A review of research on the protein-bound polysaccharide (polysaccharopeptide, PSP) from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae). Gen. Pharmacol. 30: 1-4.
418. Collins, R. A. 1997. Polysaccharopeptide from Coriolus versicolor has potential for use against human immunodeficiency virus type I infection. Life Sci. 60: 383-387.
419. Naito, T., K. Niitsu, Y. Ikeya, M. Okada, and H. Mitsuhashi. 1992. A phthalide and 2-farnesyl-6methyl benzoquinone from Ligusticum chuangxiong. Phytochemistry 31: 1787-1789.
420. Naito, T., T. Katsuhara, K. Niitsu, Y. Ikeya, M. Okada, and H. Mitsuhashi. 1992. Two phthalides from Ligusticum chuangxiong. Phytochemistry 31: 639-642.
421. Gao, Z. and F. H. Meng. 1993. Effect of Fagopyrum cymosum root on clonal formation of four human tumor cells. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 18: 498-500.
422. Lee, J. S., Y. S. Cho, E. J. Park, K. J. Oh, W. K. Lee, and J. S. Ahn. 1998. Phospholipase c gamma I inhibitory principles from the sarcotestas of Ginkgo biloba. J. Nat. Prod. 61: 867-871.
423. Bourinbaiar, A. S. and S. Lee-Huang. 1995. Potentiation of anti-HIV activity of antiinflammatory drugs, dexamethasone and indomethacin, by MAP30, the antiviral agent from bitter melon. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 208: 779-785.
424. Hirazumi, A., E. Furusawa, S. C. Chou, and Y. Hokama. 1994. Anticancer activity of Morinda citrifolia (noni) on intraperitoneally implanted Lewis lung carcinoma in syngeneic mice. Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. 37: 145-146.
425. Li, S. H. and Y. Chu. 1999. Anti-inflammatory effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsuch Pao 20: 551-554.
426. Ye, W. C., N. N. Ji, S. X. Zhao, J. H. Liu, T. Ye, M. A. McKervey, and P. Stevenson. 1996. Triterpenoids from Pulsatilla chinensis. Phytochemistry 42: 799-802.
427. Chen, B. X., Y. S. Ding, and L. G. Chen. 1994. Experimental study on the processed drug of castor seeds in the therapy of pulmonary carcinoma. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 19: 726-727, 762.
428. Liu, Y., C. F. Yang, B. L. Lee, H. M. Shen, S. G. Ang, and C. N. Ong. 1999. Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress in cultured rat hepatocytes. Free Radic. Res. 31: 559-568.
429. Wu, Y. J., C. Y. Hong, S. J. Lin, P. Wu, and M. S. Shiao. 1998. Increase of vitamin E content in LDL and reduction of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits by a water-soluble antioxidant-rich fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 18: 481-486.
430. Goldberg, V. E., V. M. Ryzhakov, M. G. Matiash, E. A. Stepovaia, and D. A. Boldyshev. 1997. Dry extract of Scutellaria baicalensis as a hemo-stimulant in anti-neoplastic chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Eksp. Klin. Farmakol. 60: 28-30.
431. Xu, J. Y., J. Yang, and L. Z. Li. 1992. Antitumor effect of Tripterygium wilfordii. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 12: 161-164.
432. Shinichi, I., S. Kaxunobu, Y. Naomasa, Y. Ryouji, W. Seiji, Y. Keisuke, and K. Taketoshi. 2000. Antitumor effects of Scutellariae radix and its components baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin on bladder cancer cell lines. Urology 55: 951-955.
433. Shan, B. E., Z. Kazuya, S. Tsutomu, Y. Yasuhiro, and U. Yamashita. 2000. Chinese medicinal herb, Acanthopanax gracilistylus, extract induces cell cycle arrest of human tumor cells in vitro. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 91: 383-389.
434. Zheng, C., G. Feng, and H. Liang. 1998. Bletilla striata as a vascular embolizing agent in interventional treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma. Chin. Med. J. English ed. 111: 1060-1063.
435. Shan, B. E., Y. Yoshida, T. Sugiura, and U. Yamashita. 1999. Stimulating activity of Chinese medicinal herbs on human lymphocytes in vitro. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 21: 149-159.
436. Kurashige, S., Y. Akuzawa, and F. Endo. 1999. Effects of Astragali radix extract on carcinogenesis, cytokin production, and cytotoxicity in mice treated with a carcinogen, N-butyl-N'-butanolnitrosoamine. Cancer Invest. 17: 30-35.
437. Li, B. S., X. H. Chen, W. L. Ren, H. Q. Lu, and Y. L. Yao. 1998. Antitumor activity of KangLaiTe injection. Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi 29: 456-458.
438. Zheng, S., H. Yang, S. Zhang, X. Wang, L. Yu, J. Lu, and J. Li. 1997. Initial study on naturally occurring products from traditional Chinese herbs and vegetables for chemoprevention. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 27: 106-112.
439. Ha, M., Z. Li, and A. He. 1997. A laboratory study on Astragalus membranaceus mistura in the prophylaxis and treatment of myelosuppression caused by cancer chemotherapy. J. China Medical Univ. 26: 449-452.
440. Chen, C. Q., T. X. Lu, and H. Q. Min. 1996. Prospective study of radiosensitizing activity of three Chinese herbal agents in combination in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Zhongguo Zhongliu Linchuang 23: 483-485.
441. Kok, L. D. S., C. K. Wong, K. N. Leung, S. F. Tsang, K. P. Fung, and Y. M. Choy. 1995. Activation of the anti-tumor effector cells by radix Bupleuri. Immunopharmacology 30: 79-87.
442. Horikawa, K., T. Mohri, Y. Tanaka, and H. Tokiwa. 1994. Moderate inhibition of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of benzo(a) pyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene and 3,9-dinitrogluoranthene by Chinese medicinal herbs. Mutagensis 9: 523-526.
443. Zhang, C. P., X. Y. Lu, P. C. Ma, Y. Chen, Y. G. Zhang, and Z. Yan. 1993. Studies on diterpenoids from leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Acta Pharm. Sin. 28: 110-115.
444. Wang, J. Z., H. Tsumura, K. Shimura, and H. Ito. 1992. Antitumor activity of polysaccharide from a Chinese medicinal herb, Acanthopanax giraldii Harms. Cancer Lett. 65: 79-84.
445. Rittenhouse, J. R., P. D. Lui, and B. H. S. Lau. 1991. Chinese medicinal herbs reverse macrophage suppression induced by urological tumors. J. Urol. 146: 486-490.
446. Ma, Y. P. and A. L. Et. 1989. Prediction of responsiveness of human lung cancer xenografts to extracts of Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev) Meisn by SRC assay. Chin. J. Clin. Oncol. 16: 309-312.
447. Hu, Q., B. Jia, T. Gao, E. Zheng, Y. Gao, and L. Huo. 1989. A study on the anticancer effect of Ningxia wolfberry. J. Traditional Chin. Med. 9: 117-124.
448. Wang, D.C. and A. L. Et. 1989. Influence of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) polysaccharide F-8 on immunologic function of human periphery blood lymphocyte. Shonghua Zhongliu Zazhi 11: 180-183
449. Shi, G. Z. and A. L. Et. 1992. Blockage of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Chelidonium majus in MNNG induced cancer and mutagenesis. Chin. J. Prevent. Med. 26: 165-187.
450. Chauhan, N. S. 1999. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing Co. New Delhi, India. 652 p.
451. Tomoda, M., R. Gonda, N. Shimizu, and N. Ohara. 1994. Characterization of an acidic polysaccharide having immunological activities from the tuber of Alisma orientale. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17: 572-576.
452. Yisgujawa, M., S. Yamaguch, N. Chatani, Y. Nishino, T. Matsuoka, and J. Yamahara. 1994. Crude drugs from aquatic plants. III. Quantitative analysis of triterpene constituents in Alismatis rhizoma by means of high performance liquid chromatography on the chemical change of the constituents during Alismatis rhizoma processing. Yakugaku Zasshi 114: 241-247.
453. Iwashina, T. and J. Kitajima. 2000. Chalcone and flavonol glycosides from Asaurm canadense. Phytochemistry 55: 971-974.
454. Krogh, A. 1971. The content of trans-aconitic acid in Asarum europaeum L. determined by means of a chromatogram spectrophotometer. Acta Chem. Scand. 25: 1495-1496.
455. Cui, B., Y. Sakai, T. Takeshita, J. Kinjo, and T. Nohara. 1992. Four new oleanene derviatives from the seeds of Astragalus complanatus. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 40: 136-138.
456. Koo, H. N., H. J. Heong, J. Y. Choi, S. D. Choi, and T. J. Choi. 2000. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis by Asparagus cochinchinensis in Hep G2 cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 73: 137-143.
457. Knight, V., V. Koshkina-Nadezhda, W. J. Clifford, B. C. Giovanella, and B. E. Gilbert. 1999. Anticancer effect of 9-nitrocamptothecin liposome aerosol on human cancer xenografts in nude mice. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 44: 177-186.
458. Zhang, R., Y. Li, Q. Cai, T. Liu, H. She, and B. Chambless. 1998. Preclinical pharmacology of the natural product anticancer agent 10-hydroxycamptothecin, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 41: 257-267.
459. Chiou, W. F., P. C. Chang, C. J. Chou, and C. F. Chen. 2000. Protein constituent contributes to the hypotensive and vasorelaxant activities of Cordyceps sinensis. Life Sci. 66: 1369-1376.
460. Surh, Y. J. 1999. Molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 428: 1-2, 305-327.
461. Li, S. S., J. Z. Deng, and S. X. Zhao. 1999. Steroids from tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera L. J. Plant Resour. Environ. 8: 2, 61-62.
462. Komori, T. 1997. Glycosides from Dioscorea bulbifera. Toxicon Oxford 35: 1531-1535.
463. Matsuda, H., T. Kageura, I. Toguchida, T. Murakami, A. Kishi, and M. Yoshikawa. 1999. Effects of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: absolute stereostructures of alismaketones-B 23-acetate and -C 23 acetate. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9: 3081-3086.
464. Shimizu, N., S. Ohtsu, M. Tomoda, R. Gonda, and N. Ohara. 1994. A glucan with immunological activities from the tuber of Alisma orientale. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17: 1666-1668.
465. Gracza, L. 1981. In vitro study of the expectorant effect of phenylpropane derivatives of hazelwort. XII. Active substances from Asarum europaeum L. Planta Med. 42: 155-159.
466. Wierzchowska-Renke, K., H. Tokarz, and M. Skorkowska. 1970. Studies of Asarum europaeum L. II. Preliminary studies of the content of volatile oil and L-ascorbic acid in Herba Asari cum radicibus obtained at Gdansk coastal region. Acta Pol. Phar. 27: 63-69.
467. Li, Z. X., C. G. Huang, Y. J. Cai, X. M. Chen, F. Wang, and Y. Z. Chen. 2000. The chemical structure and antioxidative activity of polysaccharide from Asparagus cochinensis. Yaoxue Xuebao 35: 358-362.
468. Tsui, W. Y. and G. D. Brown. 1996. (+)-Nyasol from Asparagus cochinensis. Phytochemistry 43: 1413-1415.
469. Jaeger, E., D. Jaeger, J. Orth, and A. Knuth. 2000. Irinotecan in second-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. Onkologie 23: 15-17.
470. Wong, M. P., T. C. Chiang, and H. M. Chang. 1983. Chemical studies on dangshen, the root of Codonopsis pilosula. Planta Med. 49: 60.
471. Liu, T., W. Liang, and G. Tu. 1988. Perlolyrine, a beta-carboline alkaloid from Codonopsis pilosula. Planta Med. 54: 472-473.
472. Dong, Y. F., Z. H. Pan, T. D. Zhuang, X. T. Liu, and X. Feng. 2000. Chemical analysis of fatty oil and polysaccharides in seeds from the genus Coix plants in China. J. Plant Resour. Environ. 9: 57-58.
473. Tian, R. H., Y. Ding, T. Nohara, K. Takia, and Y. Takiguchi. 1997. Study on fatty constituents in Coicis semen. Nat. Med. 51: 177-185.
474. Nagao, T., H. Otsuka, H. Kohda, T. Sato, and K. Yamasaki. 1985. Benzoxazinones from Coix lachryma jobi var. ma yuen. Phytochemistry 24: 2959-2962.
475. Otsuka, H., M. Takeuchi, S. Inoshiri, T. Sato, and K. Tamasaki. 1989. Phenolic compounds from Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen. Phytochemistry 28: 883-886.
476. Phillipson, J. D. 2000. Phytochemistry and medicinal plants. Phytochemistry 56: 217-243.
477. Kitamura, Y., M. Ohata, T. Ikenaga, and M. Watanabe. 1999. Different responses between anthocyanin-producing and non-producing cell cultures of Glehnia littoralis to stress. Proc. 9th Int. Congr. Int. Assn. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, Jerusalem, Israel, 14-19 June, 1998. p. 503-506.
478. Nakano, Y., H. Matsunaga, T. Saita, and M. Mori. 1998. Antiproliferative constituents in Umbelliferae plants II. Screening for polyacetylenes in some Umbelliferae plants, and isolation of panaxynol and falcarindiol from the root of Heracelum moellendorffii. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21: 257-261.
479. McCutcheon, A. R., R. W. Stokes, L. M. Thorson, S. M. Ellis, and G. H. N. Towers.1997. Anti-mycobacterial screening of British Columbian medicinal plants. Int. J. Pharmacog. 35: 77-83.
480. Satoh, A., Y. Narita, N. Endo, and H. Nishimura. 1996. Potent allelochemical falcalindiol from Glehnia littoralis F. Schm. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 60: 152-153.
481. Cheng, D. L., Y. Shao, L. Yang, and P. E. Zhan. 1994. Triterpene glycosides in the leaves of Acanthopanax giraldii. Acta Bot. Sin. 36: 75-79.
482. Chang, Q., D. Chen, J. Si, Z. Zhu, and X. Wang. 1993. Studies on chemical constituents of Acanthopanax giraldii var. hispidus Hoo. China J. Chin. Materia Med. 18: 162-164.
483. Matsuura, H., G. Saxena, S. W. Farmer, R. E. W. Hancock, and G. H. N. Towers. 1996. Antibacterial and antifungal polyine compounds from Glehnia littoralis spp. leiocarpa. Planta Med. 62: 256-259.
484. Fang, X. D., M. You, W. B. Ying, Z. M. Sun, and P. Z. Shen. 1986. The immunosuppressive activities of polysaccharides from Glehnia littoralis (Bei Sha Shen). Acta Pharm. Sin. 21: 931-934
485. Tang, X., Y. Ma, and P. Li. 1995. Separation and identification of the anti-inflammatory diterpene from the root cortices of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 20: 231.
486. Okuyama, T., M. Takata, H. Nishino, A. Nishino, J. Takayasu, and A. Iwashima. 1990. Studies on the antitumor-promoting activity of naturally occurring substances. II. Inhibition of tumor-promoter-enhanced phospholipid metabolism by umbelliferous materials. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38: 1084-1086.
487. Kaegi, E. 1998. Unconventional therapies for cancer. I. Essiac. Can. Med. Assn. J. 158: 897-902.
488. Ku, H. Y. and S. R. Luo. 1995. Separation and determination of five lignans in the seeds of Arctium lappaol Linne by RP-HPLC. Acta Pharm. Sin. 30: 41-45.
489. Ichihara, A., K. Oda, Y. Numata, and S. Sakamura. 1976. Lappaol A and B, novel lignans from Arctium lappa L. Tetrahedron Lett. 44: 3961-3964.
490. Peng, J. P., X. S. Yao, H. Kobayashi, and C. Y. Ma. 1995. Novel furostanol glycosides from Allium macrostemon. Planta Med. 61: 58-61.
491. Bai, L., T. Kato, K. Inoue, M. Yamaki, and S. Takagi. 1993. Stilbenoids from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 33: 1481-1483.
492. Yamaki, M., L. Bai, T. Kato, and K. I. Tomita. 1993. Blespirol, a phenanthrene with a spirolactone ring from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 33: 1497-1498.
493. Yamaki, M., T. Kato, L. Bai, K. Inoue, and S. Takagi. 1993. Phenanthrene glucosides from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 34: 535-537.
494. Yamaki, M., T. Kato, L. Bai, K. Inoue, and S. Takagi. 1992. Bisphenanthrene ethers from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 31: 3985-3987.
495. Bai, L., T. Kato, K. Inoue, M. Yamaki, and S. Takagi. 1991. Blestrianol A, B, and C, bisphenanthrenes from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 30: 2733-2735.
496. Yen, G. C., H. W. Chen, and P. D. Duh. 1998. Extraction and identification of an antioxidative component from jue ming zi (Cassia tora L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 46: 820-824.
497. Kim, D. J., B. W. Ahn, B. S. Han, and H. Tsuda. 1997. Potential preventive effects of Chelidonium majis L. (Papaveraceae) herb extract on glandular stomach tumor development in rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and hypertonic sodium chloride. Cancer Lett. 112: 203-208.
498. Goda, Y., S. Sakai, T. Nakamura, K. Kondo, H. Akiyama, and M. Toyoda. 1998. Determination of digitoxigenin glycosides in "Moroheiya" (Corchorus olitorium) and its products by HPLC. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 39: 415-420.
499. Goda, Y., S. Sakai, T. Nakamura, K. Kondo, H. Akiyama, and M. Toyoda. 1998. Identification and analyses of main cardiac glycosides in Corchorus olitorius seeds and their acute oral toxicity to mice. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 39: 256-265.
500. Yoshikawa, M., T. Murakami, H. Shimada, and S. Yoshizumi. 1998. Medicinal foodstuffs. XIV. On the bioactive constituents of moroheiya. II: New fatty acids, corchorifatty acids A, B, C, D, E, and F, from the leaves of Corchorus olitorius L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46: 1008-1014.
501. Hall, I. H., K. H. Lee, W. L. Williams, T. Kimura, and T. Hiryama. 1980. Antitumor agents XLI: effects of eupaformosanin on nucleic acid, protein, and anerobic and aerobic glycolytic metabolism of Ehrlich ascites cells. J. Pharm. Sci. 69: 294-297.
502. Perez, C., J. R. Canal, J. E. Campillo, A. Romero, and M. D. Torres. 1999. Hypotriglyceridaemic activity of Ficus carica leaves in experimental hypertriglyceridaemic rats. Phytother. Res. 13: 188-191.
503. Li, S. L., P. Li, G. Lin, G. H. Zhou, and N. N. Que. 1999. Existence of 5alpha-cevenine isosteroidal alkaloids in bulbs of Fritillaria L. Acta Pharm. Sin. 34: 842-847.
504. Bratati, D. 1997. Alkaloids of Strychnos nux-vomica. J. Med. Aromatic Plant Sci. 19: 432-439.
505. Guo, D. L., F. D. Zeng, C. J. Hu, and D. L. Guo. 1997. Effects of dauricine, quinidine, and sotalol on action potential duration of papillary muscles in vitro. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 18: 348-350.
506. Singh, S. B. and R. S. Thakur. 1980. New furostanol and spirostanol saponins from tubers of Paris polyphylla. Planta Med. 40: 301-303.
507. Kasimu, R., P. Basnet, Y. Tezuka, S. Kadota, and T. Namba. 1997. Danshenols A and B, new aldose reductase inhibitors from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 45: 564-566.
508. You, Y. 1997. Determination of fumaric acid in Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai by HPLC. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 22: 554, 576-577.
509. Tsui, W. Y. and G. D. Brown. 1996. Cycloeudesmanolides from Sarcandra glabra. Phytochem. Oxford 43: 819-821.