메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2018, Pages 103-113

Overview of Epidemiology and Contribution of Obesity and Body Fat Distribution to Cardiovascular Disease: An Update

Author keywords

Bariatric surgery; Body fat distribution; Cardiovascular disease; Heart failure; Obesity

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

EID: 85049481100     PISSN: 00330620     EISSN: 18731740     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.06.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (349)

References (152)
  • 1
    • 84992057959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • With special feature on racial and ethnic health disparities. Hyattsville (MD)2016
    • Health, United States, With special feature on racial and ethnic health disparities. Hyattsville (MD)2016. 2015.
    • (2015)
    • Health, United States,1
  • 2
    • 85021855537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years
    • Collaborators GBDO, Afshin, A., Forouzanfar, M.H., et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med 377 (2017), 13–27.
    • (2017) N Engl J Med , vol.377 , pp. 13-27
    • Afshin, A.1    Forouzanfar, M.H.2
  • 3
    • 84906882822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013
    • Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Lancet 384 (2014), 766–781.
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.384 , pp. 766-781
    • Ng, M.1    Fleming, T.2    Robinson, M.3
  • 4
    • 85046091613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence in us youth and adults by sex and age, 2007–2008 to 2015–2016
    • Hales, C.M., Fryar, C.D., Carroll, M.D., Freedman, D.S., Ogden, C.L., Trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence in us youth and adults by sex and age, 2007–2008 to 2015–2016. JAMA 319 (2018), 1723–1725.
    • (2018) JAMA , vol.319 , pp. 1723-1725
    • Hales, C.M.1    Fryar, C.D.2    Carroll, M.D.3    Freedman, D.S.4    Ogden, C.L.5
  • 5
    • 84871784819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Flegal, K.M., Kit, B.K., Orpana, H., Graubard, B.I., Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 309 (2013), 71–82.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.309 , pp. 71-82
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Kit, B.K.2    Orpana, H.3    Graubard, B.I.4
  • 8
    • 0034471041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation
    • Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 894(i-xii), 2000, 1–253.
    • (2000) World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser , vol.894 , Issue.i-xii , pp. 1-253
  • 9
    • 33646448307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss
    • Poirier, P., Giles, T.D., Bray, G.A., et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26 (2006), 968–976.
    • (2006) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.26 , pp. 968-976
    • Poirier, P.1    Giles, T.D.2    Bray, G.A.3
  • 11
    • 67651115502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular evaluation and management of severely obese patients undergoing surgery: a science advisory from the American Heart Association
    • Poirier, P., Alpert, M.A., Fleisher, L.A., et al. Cardiovascular evaluation and management of severely obese patients undergoing surgery: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 120 (2009), 86–95.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.120 , pp. 86-95
    • Poirier, P.1    Alpert, M.A.2    Fleisher, L.A.3
  • 12
    • 33644850953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association scientific statement on obesity and heart disease from the obesity Committee of the Council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism
    • Poirier, P., Giles, T.D., Bray, G.A., et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association scientific statement on obesity and heart disease from the obesity Committee of the Council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism. Circulation 113 (2006), 898–918.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 898-918
    • Poirier, P.1    Giles, T.D.2    Bray, G.A.3
  • 13
    • 0037048669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000
    • Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Ogden, C.L., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000. JAMA 288 (2002), 1723–1727.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1723-1727
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Ogden, C.L.3    Johnson, C.L.4
  • 14
    • 0141993655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in clinically severe obesity in the United States, 1986-2000
    • Sturm, R., Increases in clinically severe obesity in the United States, 1986-2000. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003), 2146–2148.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 2146-2148
    • Sturm, R.1
  • 15
    • 84882257874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morbid obesity rates continue to rise rapidly in the United States
    • Sturm, R., Hattori, A., Morbid obesity rates continue to rise rapidly in the United States. Int J Obes (Lond) 37 (2013), 889–891.
    • (2013) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.37 , pp. 889-891
    • Sturm, R.1    Hattori, A.2
  • 16
    • 79953163759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies
    • Wormser, D., Kaptoge, S., Di Angelantonio, E., et al. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet 377 (2011), 1085–1095.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 1085-1095
    • Wormser, D.1    Kaptoge, S.2    Di Angelantonio, E.3
  • 17
    • 84892408871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity to cardiovascular disease
    • Bastien, M., Poirier, P., Lemieux, I., Després, J.P., Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity to cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 56 (2014), 369–381.
    • (2014) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.56 , pp. 369-381
    • Bastien, M.1    Poirier, P.2    Lemieux, I.3    Després, J.P.4
  • 18
    • 0017348197 scopus 로고
    • Relation of body weight to development of ischemic heart disease in a cohort of young North American men after a 26-year observation period: the Manitoba study
    • Rabkin, S.W., Mathewson, F.A.L., Hsu, P.H., Relation of body weight to development of ischemic heart disease in a cohort of young North American men after a 26-year observation period: the Manitoba study. Am J Cardiol 39 (1977), 452–458.
    • (1977) Am J Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 452-458
    • Rabkin, S.W.1    Mathewson, F.A.L.2    Hsu, P.H.3
  • 19
    • 0020533259 scopus 로고
    • Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham heart study
    • Hubert, H.B., Feinleib, M., McNamara, P.M., Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham heart study. Circulation 67 (1983), 968–977.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.67 , pp. 968-977
    • Hubert, H.B.1    Feinleib, M.2    McNamara, P.M.3
  • 21
    • 79955524536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular risk factors: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
    • Poirier, P., Cornier, M.A., Mazzone, T., et al. Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular risk factors: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 123 (2011), 1683–1701.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 1683-1701
    • Poirier, P.1    Cornier, M.A.2    Mazzone, T.3
  • 22
    • 84945909577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots and incident cardiovascular disease risk factors
    • Abraham, T.M., Pedley, A., Massaro, J.M., Hoffmann, U., Fox, C.S., Association between visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots and incident cardiovascular disease risk factors. Circulation 132 (2015), 1639–1647.
    • (2015) Circulation , vol.132 , pp. 1639-1647
    • Abraham, T.M.1    Pedley, A.2    Massaro, J.M.3    Hoffmann, U.4    Fox, C.S.5
  • 23
    • 78650072135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue on cardiometabolic risk factors: the Jackson heart study
    • Liu, J., Fox, C.S., Hickson, D.A., et al. Impact of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue on cardiometabolic risk factors: the Jackson heart study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95 (2010), 5419–5426.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 5419-5426
    • Liu, J.1    Fox, C.S.2    Hickson, D.A.3
  • 24
    • 85047299785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and metabolic heterogeneity of obesity: clinical challenges and implications for management
    • Neeland, I.J., Poirier, P., Despres, J.P., Cardiovascular and metabolic heterogeneity of obesity: clinical challenges and implications for management. Circulation 137 (2018), 1391–1406.
    • (2018) Circulation , vol.137 , pp. 1391-1406
    • Neeland, I.J.1    Poirier, P.2    Despres, J.P.3
  • 25
    • 84863592684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update
    • Després, J.P., Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation 126 (2012), 1301–1313.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 1301-1313
    • Després, J.P.1
  • 26
    • 84923091378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology of upper-body and lower-body adipose tissue–link to whole-body phenotypes
    • Karpe, F., Pinnick, K.E., Biology of upper-body and lower-body adipose tissue–link to whole-body phenotypes. Nat Rev Endocrinol 11 (2015), 90–100.
    • (2015) Nat Rev Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 90-100
    • Karpe, F.1    Pinnick, K.E.2
  • 27
    • 84872327440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update
    • Tchernof, A., Després, J.P., Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiol Rev 93 (2013), 359–404.
    • (2013) Physiol Rev , vol.93 , pp. 359-404
    • Tchernof, A.1    Després, J.P.2
  • 28
    • 84953356652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity: differential effects on myocardial function according to metabolic syndrome, rather than obesity
    • Dobson, R., Burgess, M.I., Sprung, V.S., et al. Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity: differential effects on myocardial function according to metabolic syndrome, rather than obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 40 (2016), 153–161.
    • (2016) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.40 , pp. 153-161
    • Dobson, R.1    Burgess, M.I.2    Sprung, V.S.3
  • 29
    • 0038811794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn study
    • Snijder, M.B., Dekker, J.M., Visser, M., et al. Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn study. Am J Clin Nutr 77 (2003), 1192–1197.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.77 , pp. 1192-1197
    • Snijder, M.B.1    Dekker, J.M.2    Visser, M.3
  • 30
    • 0031769331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat
    • Thomas, E.L., Saeed, N., Hajnal, J.V., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat. J Appl Physiol 85 (1998), 1778–1785.
    • (1998) J Appl Physiol , vol.85 , pp. 1778-1785
    • Thomas, E.L.1    Saeed, N.2    Hajnal, J.V.3
  • 31
    • 0022652170 scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue volume determinations in women by computed tomography: technical considerations
    • Kvist, H., Ströström, L., Tylen, U., Adipose tissue volume determinations in women by computed tomography: technical considerations. Int J Obes 10 (1986), 53–67.
    • (1986) Int J Obes , vol.10 , pp. 53-67
    • Kvist, H.1    Ströström, L.2    Tylen, U.3
  • 32
    • 84896712870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional properties of deep abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue explain its association with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in men
    • Marinou, K., Hodson, L., Vasan, S.K., et al. Structural and functional properties of deep abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue explain its association with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in men. Diabetes Care 37 (2014), 821–829.
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 821-829
    • Marinou, K.1    Hodson, L.2    Vasan, S.K.3
  • 33
    • 34347351228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham heart study
    • Fox, C.S., Massaro, J.M., Hoffmann, U., et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham heart study. Circulation. 116 (2007), 39–48.
    • (2007) Circulation. , vol.116 , pp. 39-48
    • Fox, C.S.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Hoffmann, U.3
  • 34
    • 78049308422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in the Framingham heart study
    • Preis, S.R., Massaro, J.M., Robins, S.J., et al. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in the Framingham heart study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 18 (2010), 2191–2198.
    • (2010) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.18 , pp. 2191-2198
    • Preis, S.R.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Robins, S.J.3
  • 35
    • 0032759437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adiposity and incident coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men. The 10-year follow-up results of the Seattle Japanese-American community diabetes study
    • Fujimoto, W.Y., Bergstrom, R.W., Boyko, E.J., et al. Visceral adiposity and incident coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men. The 10-year follow-up results of the Seattle Japanese-American community diabetes study. Diabetes Care 22 (1999), 1808–1812.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1808-1812
    • Fujimoto, W.Y.1    Bergstrom, R.W.2    Boyko, E.J.3
  • 36
    • 80054949354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty liver, abdominal visceral fat, and cardiometabolic risk factors: the Jackson heart study
    • Liu, J., Fox, C.S., Hickson, D., Bidulescu, A., Carr, J.J., Taylor, H.A., Fatty liver, abdominal visceral fat, and cardiometabolic risk factors: the Jackson heart study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 31 (2011), 2715–2722.
    • (2011) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.31 , pp. 2715-2722
    • Liu, J.1    Fox, C.S.2    Hickson, D.3    Bidulescu, A.4    Carr, J.J.5    Taylor, H.A.6
  • 37
    • 40149093610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: the Framingham heart study
    • Rosito, G.A., Massaro, J.M., Hoffmann, U., et al. Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: the Framingham heart study. Circulation 117 (2008), 605–613.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 605-613
    • Rosito, G.A.1    Massaro, J.M.2    Hoffmann, U.3
  • 38
    • 33845886915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome
    • Després, J.P., Lemieux, I., Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature 444 (2006), 881–887.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 881-887
    • Després, J.P.1    Lemieux, I.2
  • 39
    • 76049099665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome–an allostatic perspective
    • Virtue, S., Vidal-Puig, A., Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome–an allostatic perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta 1801 (2010), 338–349.
    • (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1801 , pp. 338-349
    • Virtue, S.1    Vidal-Puig, A.2
  • 40
    • 0029912427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of leg and splanchnic free fatty acid (FFA) kinetics to postabsorptive FFA flux in men and women
    • Jensen, M.D., Johnson, C.M., Contribution of leg and splanchnic free fatty acid (FFA) kinetics to postabsorptive FFA flux in men and women. Metabolism 45 (1996), 662–666.
    • (1996) Metabolism , vol.45 , pp. 662-666
    • Jensen, M.D.1    Johnson, C.M.2
  • 41
    • 83455216207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic fat depots and cardiovascular disease
    • Britton, K.A., Fox, C.S., Ectopic fat depots and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 124 (2011), e837–e841.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.124 , pp. e837-e841
    • Britton, K.A.1    Fox, C.S.2
  • 42
    • 54749114466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's not how fat you are, it's what you do with it that counts
    • Virtue, S., Vidal-Puig, A., It's not how fat you are, it's what you do with it that counts. PLoS Biol, 6, 2008, e237.
    • (2008) PLoS Biol , vol.6 , pp. e237
    • Virtue, S.1    Vidal-Puig, A.2
  • 43
    • 82455199186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features
    • Iacobellis, G., Bianco, A.C., Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features. Trends Endocrinol Metab 22 (2011), 450–457.
    • (2011) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.22 , pp. 450-457
    • Iacobellis, G.1    Bianco, A.C.2
  • 44
    • 79959779173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial, perivascular, and epicardial fat
    • Iozzo, P., Myocardial, perivascular, and epicardial fat. Diabetes Care 34:Suppl 2 (2011), S371–S379.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. S371-S379
    • Iozzo, P.1
  • 45
    • 27944453528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial adipose tissue: anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart
    • Iacobellis, G., Corradi, D., Sharma, A.M., Epicardial adipose tissue: anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2 (2005), 536–543.
    • (2005) Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med , vol.2 , pp. 536-543
    • Iacobellis, G.1    Corradi, D.2    Sharma, A.M.3
  • 46
    • 0037371754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial triglycerides and systolic function in humans: in vivo evaluation by localized proton spectroscopy and cardiac imaging
    • Szczepaniak, L.S., Dobbins, R.L., Metzger, G.J., et al. Myocardial triglycerides and systolic function in humans: in vivo evaluation by localized proton spectroscopy and cardiac imaging. Magn Reson Med 49 (2003), 417–423.
    • (2003) Magn Reson Med , vol.49 , pp. 417-423
    • Szczepaniak, L.S.1    Dobbins, R.L.2    Metzger, G.J.3
  • 47
    • 0029120913 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurement of normal and excessive (cor adiposum) subepicardial adipose tissue, its clinical significance, and its effect on electrocardiographic QRS voltage
    • Shirani, J., Berezowski, K., Roberts, W.C., Quantitative measurement of normal and excessive (cor adiposum) subepicardial adipose tissue, its clinical significance, and its effect on electrocardiographic QRS voltage. Am J Cardiol 76 (1995), 414–418.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.76 , pp. 414-418
    • Shirani, J.1    Berezowski, K.2    Roberts, W.C.3
  • 48
    • 77958184417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericardial adipose tissue, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Jackson heart study
    • Liu, J., Fox, C.S., Hickson, D., et al. Pericardial adipose tissue, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Jackson heart study. Diabetes Care 33 (2010), 1635–1639.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 1635-1639
    • Liu, J.1    Fox, C.S.2    Hickson, D.3
  • 49
    • 84876282636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial adipose tissue volume and adipocytokine imbalance are strongly linked to human coronary atherosclerosis
    • Shimabukuro, M., Hirata, Y., Tabata, M., et al. Epicardial adipose tissue volume and adipocytokine imbalance are strongly linked to human coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33 (2013), 1077–1084.
    • (2013) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.33 , pp. 1077-1084
    • Shimabukuro, M.1    Hirata, Y.2    Tabata, M.3
  • 50
    • 85015953289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac energetics, oxygenation, and perfusion during increased workload in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Levelt, E., Rodgers, C.T., Clarke, W.T., et al. Cardiac energetics, oxygenation, and perfusion during increased workload in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 37 (2016), 3461–3469.
    • (2016) Eur Heart J , vol.37 , pp. 3461-3469
    • Levelt, E.1    Rodgers, C.T.2    Clarke, W.T.3
  • 51
    • 33645825813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of P, the American physiological S. Adiposity of the heart, revisited
    • McGavock, J.M., Victor, R.G., Unger, R.H., Szczepaniak, L.S., American College of P, the American physiological S. Adiposity of the heart, revisited. Ann Intern Med 144 (2006), 517–524.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 517-524
    • McGavock, J.M.1    Victor, R.G.2    Unger, R.H.3    Szczepaniak, L.S.4
  • 52
    • 34250212715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes
    • Nissen, S.E., Wolski, K., Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 356 (2007), 2457–2471.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 2457-2471
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Wolski, K.2
  • 53
    • 84929966037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and systemic effects of the multifaceted epicardial adipose tissue depot
    • Iacobellis, G., Local and systemic effects of the multifaceted epicardial adipose tissue depot. Nat Rev Endocrinol 11 (2015), 363–371.
    • (2015) Nat Rev Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 363-371
    • Iacobellis, G.1
  • 54
    • 63049138913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicardial and pericardial fat: close, but very different
    • author reply
    • Iacobellis, G., Epicardial and pericardial fat: close, but very different. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17:625 (2009), 626–627 author reply.
    • (2009) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.17 , Issue.625 , pp. 626-627
    • Iacobellis, G.1
  • 55
    • 32044438857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human epicardial adipose tissue expresses a pathogenic profile of adipocytokines in patients with cardiovascular disease
    • Baker, A.R., Silva, N.F., Quinn, D.W., et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue expresses a pathogenic profile of adipocytokines in patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 5, 2006, 1.
    • (2006) Cardiovasc Diabetol , vol.5 , pp. 1
    • Baker, A.R.1    Silva, N.F.2    Quinn, D.W.3
  • 56
    • 0025609165 scopus 로고
    • Site-specific properties of pericardial and epicardial adipose tissue: the effects of insulin and high-fat feeding on lipogenesis and the incorporation of fatty acids in vitro
    • Marchington, J.M., Pond, C.M., Site-specific properties of pericardial and epicardial adipose tissue: the effects of insulin and high-fat feeding on lipogenesis and the incorporation of fatty acids in vitro. Int J Obes (Lond) 14 (1990), 1013–1022.
    • (1990) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.14 , pp. 1013-1022
    • Marchington, J.M.1    Pond, C.M.2
  • 57
    • 84862008999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid metabolism and toxicity in the heart
    • Goldberg, I.J., Trent, C.M., Schulze, P.C., Lipid metabolism and toxicity in the heart. Cell Metab 15 (2012), 805–812.
    • (2012) Cell Metab , vol.15 , pp. 805-812
    • Goldberg, I.J.1    Trent, C.M.2    Schulze, P.C.3
  • 58
    • 0036182137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipotoxic diseases
    • Unger, R.H., Lipotoxic diseases. Annu Rev Med 53 (2002), 319–336.
    • (2002) Annu Rev Med , vol.53 , pp. 319-336
    • Unger, R.H.1
  • 59
    • 84959454587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid metabolism and signaling in cardiac lipotoxicity
    • D'Souza, K., Nzirorera, C., Kienesberger, P.C., Lipid metabolism and signaling in cardiac lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861 (2016), 1513–1524.
    • (2016) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1861 , pp. 1513-1524
    • D'Souza, K.1    Nzirorera, C.2    Kienesberger, P.C.3
  • 60
    • 84977070483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac fatty acid oxidation in heart failure associated with obesity and diabetes
    • Fukushima, A., Lopaschuk, G.D., Cardiac fatty acid oxidation in heart failure associated with obesity and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861 (2016), 1525–1534.
    • (2016) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1861 , pp. 1525-1534
    • Fukushima, A.1    Lopaschuk, G.D.2
  • 61
    • 85044528429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative contribution of metabolic and structural abnormalities to diastolic dysfunction in obesity
    • Rayner, J.J., Banerjee, R., Holloway, C.J., et al. The relative contribution of metabolic and structural abnormalities to diastolic dysfunction in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 42 (2018), 441–447.
    • (2018) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.42 , pp. 441-447
    • Rayner, J.J.1    Banerjee, R.2    Holloway, C.J.3
  • 62
    • 0021849541 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing anatomic location of fat tissue in 52,953 women
    • Lanska, D.J., Lanska, M.J., Hartz, A.J., Rimm, A.A., Factors influencing anatomic location of fat tissue in 52,953 women. Int J Obes (Lond) 9 (1985), 29–38.
    • (1985) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.9 , pp. 29-38
    • Lanska, D.J.1    Lanska, M.J.2    Hartz, A.J.3    Rimm, A.A.4
  • 63
  • 64
    • 33645075488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total and regional fat distribution is strongly influenced by genetic factors in young and elderly twins
    • Malis, C., Rasmussen, E.L., Poulsen, P., et al. Total and regional fat distribution is strongly influenced by genetic factors in young and elderly twins. Obes Res 13 (2005), 2139–2145.
    • (2005) Obes Res , vol.13 , pp. 2139-2145
    • Malis, C.1    Rasmussen, E.L.2    Poulsen, P.3
  • 65
    • 37349128570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fat distribution and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women in the European prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition in Norfolk cohort: a population-based prospective study
    • Canoy, D., Boekholdt, S.M., Wareham, N., et al. Body fat distribution and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women in the European prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition in Norfolk cohort: a population-based prospective study. Circulation 116 (2007), 2933–2943.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 2933-2943
    • Canoy, D.1    Boekholdt, S.M.2    Wareham, N.3
  • 66
    • 27644457743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study
    • Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ounpuu, S., et al. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet 366 (2005), 1640–1649.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1640-1649
    • Yusuf, S.1    Hawken, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3
  • 67
    • 1542330040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent and opposite associations of waist and hip circumferences with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia: the AusDiab study
    • Snijder, M.B., Zimmet, P.Z., Visser, M., Dekker, J.M., Seidell, J.C., Shaw, J.E., Independent and opposite associations of waist and hip circumferences with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia: the AusDiab study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28 (2004), 402–409.
    • (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.28 , pp. 402-409
    • Snijder, M.B.1    Zimmet, P.Z.2    Visser, M.3    Dekker, J.M.4    Seidell, J.C.5    Shaw, J.E.6
  • 68
    • 85047266784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of regional fat measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and conventional anthropometry and their association with markers of diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk
    • Vasan, S.K., Osmond, C., Canoy, D., et al. Comparison of regional fat measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and conventional anthropometry and their association with markers of diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Int J Obes (Lond). 42:4 (2018), 850–857.
    • (2018) Int J Obes (Lond). , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 850-857
    • Vasan, S.K.1    Osmond, C.2    Canoy, D.3
  • 69
    • 77953612080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health
    • Manolopoulos, K.N., Karpe, F., Frayn, K.N., Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health. Int J Obes (Lond) 34 (2010), 949–959.
    • (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.34 , pp. 949-959
    • Manolopoulos, K.N.1    Karpe, F.2    Frayn, K.N.3
  • 70
    • 0025778917 scopus 로고
    • Contributions of regional adipose tissue depots to plasma lipoprotein concentrations in overweight men and women: possible protective effects of thigh fat
    • Terry, R.B., Stefanick, M.L., Haskell, W.L., Wood, P.D., Contributions of regional adipose tissue depots to plasma lipoprotein concentrations in overweight men and women: possible protective effects of thigh fat. Metabolism 40 (1991), 733–740.
    • (1991) Metabolism , vol.40 , pp. 733-740
    • Terry, R.B.1    Stefanick, M.L.2    Haskell, W.L.3    Wood, P.D.4
  • 71
    • 85013655893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between regional body fat distribution and diabetes mellitus: 2008 to 2010 Korean National Health and nutrition examination surveys
    • Choi, S.I., Chung, D., Lim, J.S., et al. Relationship between regional body fat distribution and diabetes mellitus: 2008 to 2010 Korean National Health and nutrition examination surveys. Diabetes Metab J 41 (2017), 51–59.
    • (2017) Diabetes Metab J , vol.41 , pp. 51-59
    • Choi, S.I.1    Chung, D.2    Lim, J.S.3
  • 72
    • 78650170192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal and gynoid adipose distribution and incident myocardial infarction in women and men
    • Wiklund, P., Toss, F., Jansson, J.H., et al. Abdominal and gynoid adipose distribution and incident myocardial infarction in women and men. Int J Obes (Lond) 34 (2010), 1752–1758.
    • (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.34 , pp. 1752-1758
    • Wiklund, P.1    Toss, F.2    Jansson, J.H.3
  • 73
    • 84879556064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leg fat might be more protective than arm fat in relation to lipid profile
    • Sanchez-Lopez, M., Ortega, F.B., Moya-Martinez, P., et al. Leg fat might be more protective than arm fat in relation to lipid profile. Eur J Nutr 52 (2013), 489–495.
    • (2013) Eur J Nutr , vol.52 , pp. 489-495
    • Sanchez-Lopez, M.1    Ortega, F.B.2    Moya-Martinez, P.3
  • 74
    • 2442536114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional body composition changes exhibit opposing effects on coronary heart disease risk factors
    • Okura, T., Nakata, Y., Yamabuki, K., Tanaka, K., Regional body composition changes exhibit opposing effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24 (2004), 923–929.
    • (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.24 , pp. 923-929
    • Okura, T.1    Nakata, Y.2    Yamabuki, K.3    Tanaka, K.4
  • 75
    • 0037382301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral adiposity exhibits an independent dominant antiatherogenic effect in elderly women
    • Tanko, L.B., Bagger, Y.Z., Alexandersen, P., Larsen, P.J., Christiansen, C., Peripheral adiposity exhibits an independent dominant antiatherogenic effect in elderly women. Circulation 107 (2003), 1626–1631.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 1626-1631
    • Tanko, L.B.1    Bagger, Y.Z.2    Alexandersen, P.3    Larsen, P.J.4    Christiansen, C.5
  • 76
    • 0041968878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central and peripheral fat mass have contrasting effect on the progression of aortic calcification in postmenopausal women
    • Tanko, L.B., Bagger, Y.Z., Alexandersen, P., Larsen, P.J., Christiansen, C., Central and peripheral fat mass have contrasting effect on the progression of aortic calcification in postmenopausal women. Eur Heart J 24 (2003), 1531–1537.
    • (2003) Eur Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 1531-1537
    • Tanko, L.B.1    Bagger, Y.Z.2    Alexandersen, P.3    Larsen, P.J.4    Christiansen, C.5
  • 77
    • 77950879602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome is associated with more pronounced impairment of left ventricle geometry and function in patients with calcific aortic stenosis: a substudy of the ASTRONOMER (aortic stenosis progression observation measuring effects of Rosuvastatin)
    • Page, A., Dumesnil, J.G., Clavel, M.A., et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with more pronounced impairment of left ventricle geometry and function in patients with calcific aortic stenosis: a substudy of the ASTRONOMER (aortic stenosis progression observation measuring effects of Rosuvastatin). J Am Coll Cardiol 55 (2010), 1867–1874.
    • (2010) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 1867-1874
    • Page, A.1    Dumesnil, J.G.2    Clavel, M.A.3
  • 78
    • 2442494261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy partitioning in gluteal-femoral fat: does the metabolic fate of triglycerides affect coronary heart disease risk?
    • Lemieux, I., Energy partitioning in gluteal-femoral fat: does the metabolic fate of triglycerides affect coronary heart disease risk?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24 (2004), 795–797.
    • (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.24 , pp. 795-797
    • Lemieux, I.1
  • 79
    • 0036381998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue as a buffer for daily lipid flux
    • Frayn, K.N., Adipose tissue as a buffer for daily lipid flux. Diabetologia 45 (2002), 1201–1210.
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. 1201-1210
    • Frayn, K.N.1
  • 80
    • 0033054725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity
    • Goodpaster, B.H., Kelley, D.E., Wing, R.R., Meier, A., Thaete, F.L., Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity. Diabetes 48 (1999), 839–847.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 839-847
    • Goodpaster, B.H.1    Kelley, D.E.2    Wing, R.R.3    Meier, A.4    Thaete, F.L.5
  • 81
    • 33846329499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of morbid obesity without surgical intervention
    • [discussion 77]
    • Sowemimo, O.A., Yood, S.M., Courtney, J., et al. Natural history of morbid obesity without surgical intervention. Surg Obes Relat Dis 3 (2007), 73–77 [discussion 77].
    • (2007) Surg Obes Relat Dis , vol.3 , pp. 73-77
    • Sowemimo, O.A.1    Yood, S.M.2    Courtney, J.3
  • 82
    • 80255137513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing adiposity: a scientific statement from the american heart association
    • Cornier, M.A., Després, J.P., Davis, N., et al. Assessing adiposity: a scientific statement from the american heart association. Circulation 124 (2011), 1996–2019.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.124 , pp. 1996-2019
    • Cornier, M.A.1    Després, J.P.2    Davis, N.3
  • 83
    • 84894059202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index categories and mortality risk in US adults: the effect of overweight and obesity on advancing death
    • Borrell, L.N., Samuel, L., Body mass index categories and mortality risk in US adults: the effect of overweight and obesity on advancing death. Am J Public Health 104 (2014), 512–519.
    • (2014) Am J Public Health , vol.104 , pp. 512-519
    • Borrell, L.N.1    Samuel, L.2
  • 85
    • 0037223174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001
    • Mokdad, A.H., Ford, E.S., Bowman, B.A., et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 289 (2003), 76–79.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 76-79
    • Mokdad, A.H.1    Ford, E.S.2    Bowman, B.A.3
  • 86
    • 84890020621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and mortality risk: new findings from body mass index trajectories
    • Zheng, H., Tumin, D., Qian, Z., Obesity and mortality risk: new findings from body mass index trajectories. Am J Epidemiol 178 (2013), 1591–1599.
    • (2013) Am J Epidemiol , vol.178 , pp. 1591-1599
    • Zheng, H.1    Tumin, D.2    Qian, Z.3
  • 87
    • 84959450393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index, the most widely used but also widely criticized index: would a criterion standard measure of Total body fat be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality?
    • Ortega, F.B., Sui, X., Lavie, C.J., Blair, S.N., Body mass index, the most widely used but also widely criticized index: would a criterion standard measure of Total body fat be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality?. Mayo Clin Proc 91 (2016), 443–455.
    • (2016) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.91 , pp. 443-455
    • Ortega, F.B.1    Sui, X.2    Lavie, C.J.3    Blair, S.N.4
  • 88
    • 12344298435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic impact of body weight and abdominal obesity in women and men with cardiovascular disease
    • Dagenais, G.R., Yi, Q., Mann, J.F., Bosch, J., Pogue, J., Yusuf, S., Prognostic impact of body weight and abdominal obesity in women and men with cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 149 (2005), 54–60.
    • (2005) Am Heart J , vol.149 , pp. 54-60
    • Dagenais, G.R.1    Yi, Q.2    Mann, J.F.3    Bosch, J.4    Pogue, J.5    Yusuf, S.6
  • 89
    • 34548314440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies
    • de Koning, L., Merchant, A.T., Pogue, J., Anand, S.S., Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J 28 (2007), 850–856.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 850-856
    • de Koning, L.1    Merchant, A.T.2    Pogue, J.3    Anand, S.S.4
  • 91
    • 0034636818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertriglyceridemic waist. A marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad (hyperinsulinemia, hyperapolipoprotein B, small, dense LDL) in men?
    • Lemieux, I., Pascot, A., Couillard, C., et al. Hypertriglyceridemic waist. A marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad (hyperinsulinemia, hyperapolipoprotein B, small, dense LDL) in men?. Circulation 102 (2000), 179–184.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 179-184
    • Lemieux, I.1    Pascot, A.2    Couillard, C.3
  • 92
    • 0036681988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and the risk of heart failure
    • Kenchaiah, S., Evans, J.C., Levy, D., et al. Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med 347 (2002), 305–313.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 305-313
    • Kenchaiah, S.1    Evans, J.C.2    Levy, D.3
  • 93
    • 84958841715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and heart failure incidence and mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
    • Aune, D., Sen, A., Norat, T., et al. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and heart failure incidence and mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Circulation 133 (2016), 639–649.
    • (2016) Circulation , vol.133 , pp. 639-649
    • Aune, D.1    Sen, A.2    Norat, T.3
  • 94
    • 0031572160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac morphology and left ventricular function in normotensive morbidly obese patients with and without congestive heart failure, and effect of weight loss
    • Alpert, M.A., Terry, B.E., Mulekar, M., et al. Cardiac morphology and left ventricular function in normotensive morbidly obese patients with and without congestive heart failure, and effect of weight loss. Am J Cardiol 80 (1997), 736–740.
    • (1997) Am J Cardiol , vol.80 , pp. 736-740
    • Alpert, M.A.1    Terry, B.E.2    Mulekar, M.3
  • 95
    • 1542506137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity in adolescence and adulthood and the risk of adult mortality
    • Engeland, A., Bjorge, T., Tverdal, A., Sogaard, A.J., Obesity in adolescence and adulthood and the risk of adult mortality. Epidemiology 15 (2004), 79–85.
    • (2004) Epidemiology , vol.15 , pp. 79-85
    • Engeland, A.1    Bjorge, T.2    Tverdal, A.3    Sogaard, A.J.4
  • 96
    • 84869756324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscular strength in male adolescents and premature death: cohort study of one million participants
    • Ortega, F.B., Silventoinen, K., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Muscular strength in male adolescents and premature death: cohort study of one million participants. BMJ, 345, 2012, e7279.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.345
    • Ortega, F.B.1    Silventoinen, K.2    Tynelius, P.3    Rasmussen, F.4
  • 97
    • 36849015926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood body-mass index and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood
    • Baker, J.L., Olsen, L.W., Sorensen, T.I., Childhood body-mass index and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood. N Engl J Med 357 (2007), 2329–2337.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 2329-2337
    • Baker, J.L.1    Olsen, L.W.2    Sorensen, T.I.3
  • 98
    • 34247541372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index in late adolescence and its association with coronary heart disease and stroke in middle age among Swedish men
    • Falkstedt, D., Hemmingsson, T., Rasmussen, F., Lundberg, I., Body mass index in late adolescence and its association with coronary heart disease and stroke in middle age among Swedish men. Int J Obes (Lond) 31 (2007), 777–783.
    • (2007) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.31 , pp. 777-783
    • Falkstedt, D.1    Hemmingsson, T.2    Rasmussen, F.3    Lundberg, I.4
  • 99
    • 77649158856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High school body mass index and body mass index at entry to a cardiac disease risk prevention clinic and the association to all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease: a PreCIS database study
    • Gambino, K.K., Zumpano, J., Brennan, D.M., Hoogwerf, B.J., High school body mass index and body mass index at entry to a cardiac disease risk prevention clinic and the association to all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease: a PreCIS database study. J Cardiovasc Nurs 25 (2010), 99–105.
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Nurs , vol.25 , pp. 99-105
    • Gambino, K.K.1    Zumpano, J.2    Brennan, D.M.3    Hoogwerf, B.J.4
  • 100
    • 0036632336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease among diabetic women
    • Cho, E., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., et al. A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease among diabetic women. Diabetes Care 25 (2002), 1142–1148.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1142-1148
    • Cho, E.1    Manson, J.E.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 101
    • 0035926032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study
    • Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study. BMJ 322 (2001), 949–953.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 949-953
    • Eriksson, J.G.1    Forsen, T.2    Tuomilehto, J.3    Osmond, C.4    Barker, D.J.5
  • 102
    • 19544376851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth weight, infant weight gain, and cause-specific mortality: the Hertfordshire cohort study
    • Syddall, H.E., Sayer, A.A., Simmonds, S.J., et al. Birth weight, infant weight gain, and cause-specific mortality: the Hertfordshire cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 161 (2005), 1074–1080.
    • (2005) Am J Epidemiol , vol.161 , pp. 1074-1080
    • Syddall, H.E.1    Sayer, A.A.2    Simmonds, S.J.3
  • 104
    • 84908043972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management
    • Alpert, M.A., Lavie, C.J., Agrawal, H., Aggarwal, K.B., Kumar, S.A., Obesity and heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Transl Res 164 (2014), 345–356.
    • (2014) Transl Res , vol.164 , pp. 345-356
    • Alpert, M.A.1    Lavie, C.J.2    Agrawal, H.3    Aggarwal, K.B.4    Kumar, S.A.5
  • 107
    • 84992208856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current perspectives on left ventricular geometry in systemic hypertension
    • Oktay, A.A., Lavie, C.J., Milani, R.V., et al. Current perspectives on left ventricular geometry in systemic hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 59 (2016), 235–246.
    • (2016) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.59 , pp. 235-246
    • Oktay, A.A.1    Lavie, C.J.2    Milani, R.V.3
  • 108
    • 84959571176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on obesity and obesity paradox in heart failure
    • Lavie, C.J., Sharma, A., Alpert, M.A., et al. Update on obesity and obesity paradox in heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 58 (2016), 393–400.
    • (2016) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.58 , pp. 393-400
    • Lavie, C.J.1    Sharma, A.2    Alpert, M.A.3
  • 109
    • 84877935534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure
    • Lavie, C.J., Alpert, M.A., Arena, R., Mehra, M.R., Milani, R.V., Ventura, H.O., Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure. JACC Heart Fail 1 (2013), 93–102.
    • (2013) JACC Heart Fail , vol.1 , pp. 93-102
    • Lavie, C.J.1    Alpert, M.A.2    Arena, R.3    Mehra, M.R.4    Milani, R.V.5    Ventura, H.O.6
  • 110
    • 84884905521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults
    • Neeland, I.J., Ayers, C.R., Rohatgi, A.K., et al. Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21 (2013), E439–E447.
    • (2013) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.21 , pp. E439-E447
    • Neeland, I.J.1    Ayers, C.R.2    Rohatgi, A.K.3
  • 111
    • 84908161254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle mass are independently and synergistically associated with left ventricular structure and function: the Korean genome and epidemiology study
    • Park, J., Kim, N.H., Kim, S.H., et al. Visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle mass are independently and synergistically associated with left ventricular structure and function: the Korean genome and epidemiology study. Int J Cardiol 176 (2014), 951–955.
    • (2014) Int J Cardiol , vol.176 , pp. 951-955
    • Park, J.1    Kim, N.H.2    Kim, S.H.3
  • 112
    • 84959180301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipotoxicity in obesity and diabetes-related cardiac dysfunction
    • Zlobine, I., Gopal, K., Ussher, J.R., Lipotoxicity in obesity and diabetes-related cardiac dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861 (2016), 1555–1568.
    • (2016) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1861 , pp. 1555-1568
    • Zlobine, I.1    Gopal, K.2    Ussher, J.R.3
  • 113
    • 77954164754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight of the obesity epidemic: rising stroke rates among middle-aged women in the United States
    • Towfighi, A., Zheng, L., Ovbiagele, B., Weight of the obesity epidemic: rising stroke rates among middle-aged women in the United States. Stroke 41 (2010), 1371–1375.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 1371-1375
    • Towfighi, A.1    Zheng, L.2    Ovbiagele, B.3
  • 114
    • 9244247612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation
    • Wang, T.J., Parise, H., Levy, D., et al. Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA 292 (2004), 2471–2477.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2471-2477
    • Wang, T.J.1    Parise, H.2    Levy, D.3
  • 115
  • 116
    • 25944468721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CHD risk in persons with diabetes mellitus or with known coronary heart disease
    • Wilson, P.W.F., D'Agostino, R.B., CHD risk in persons with diabetes mellitus or with known coronary heart disease. Circulation 106 (2002), II–509.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. II-509
    • Wilson, P.W.F.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2
  • 117
    • 50949100586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and age of first non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
    • Madala, M.C., Franklin, B.A., Chen, A.Y., et al. Obesity and age of first non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 52 (2008), 979–985.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 979-985
    • Madala, M.C.1    Franklin, B.A.2    Chen, A.Y.3
  • 118
    • 34547749326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of differing measures of overweight and obesity with prevalent atherosclerosis: the Dallas heart study
    • See, R., Abdullah, S.M., McGuire, D.K., et al. The association of differing measures of overweight and obesity with prevalent atherosclerosis: the Dallas heart study. J Am Coll Cardiol 50 (2007), 752–759.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.50 , pp. 752-759
    • See, R.1    Abdullah, S.M.2    McGuire, D.K.3
  • 119
    • 34249739139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for the progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects: results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)
    • Kronmal, R.A., McClelland, R.L., Detrano, R., et al. Risk factors for the progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects: results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation 115 (2007), 2722–2730.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 2722-2730
    • Kronmal, R.A.1    McClelland, R.L.2    Detrano, R.3
  • 120
    • 0032850031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss and progression of early atherosclerosis in the carotid artery: a four-year controlled study of obese subjects
    • Karason, K., Wikstrand, J., Sjostrom, L., Wendelhag, I., Weight loss and progression of early atherosclerosis in the carotid artery: a four-year controlled study of obese subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 23 (1999), 948–956.
    • (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.23 , pp. 948-956
    • Karason, K.1    Wikstrand, J.2    Sjostrom, L.3    Wendelhag, I.4
  • 121
    • 37349019749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of cumulative weight burden to vascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity
    • Arkin, J.M., Alsdorf, R., Bigornia, S., et al. Relation of cumulative weight burden to vascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Am J Cardiol 101 (2008), 98–101.
    • (2008) Am J Cardiol , vol.101 , pp. 98-101
    • Arkin, J.M.1    Alsdorf, R.2    Bigornia, S.3
  • 122
    • 0035137280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral fat and coronary pathology in male adolescents
    • Kortelainen, M.L., Sarkioja, T., Visceral fat and coronary pathology in male adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25 (2001), 228–232.
    • (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.25 , pp. 228-232
    • Kortelainen, M.L.1    Sarkioja, T.2
  • 123
    • 69749104746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of visceral obesity and liver fat on vascular structure and function in obese subjects
    • Sturm, W., Sandhofer, A., Engl, J., et al. Influence of visceral obesity and liver fat on vascular structure and function in obese subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17 (2009), 1783–1788.
    • (2009) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.17 , pp. 1783-1788
    • Sturm, W.1    Sandhofer, A.2    Engl, J.3
  • 124
  • 125
    • 33750726707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systolic and diastolic heart failure in the community
    • Bursi, F., Weston, S.A., Redfield, M.M., et al. Systolic and diastolic heart failure in the community. JAMA 296 (2006), 2209–2216.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 2209-2216
    • Bursi, F.1    Weston, S.A.2    Redfield, M.M.3
  • 126
    • 84997246197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with HFpEF and HFrEF have different clinical characteristics but similar prognosis: a retrospective cohort study
    • Abebe, T.B., Gebreyohannes, E.A., Tefera, Y.G., Abegaz, T.M., Patients with HFpEF and HFrEF have different clinical characteristics but similar prognosis: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 16, 2016, 232.
    • (2016) BMC Cardiovasc Disord , vol.16 , pp. 232
    • Abebe, T.B.1    Gebreyohannes, E.A.2    Tefera, Y.G.3    Abegaz, T.M.4
  • 127
    • 80053325999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simoes e Silva AC. Cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity and new diagnostic imaging techniques: the role of noninvasive image methods
    • Barbosa, J.A., Rodrigues, A.B., Mota, C.C., Barbosa, M.M., Simoes e Silva AC. Cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity and new diagnostic imaging techniques: the role of noninvasive image methods. Vasc Health Risk Manag 7 (2011), 287–295.
    • (2011) Vasc Health Risk Manag , vol.7 , pp. 287-295
    • Barbosa, J.A.1    Rodrigues, A.B.2    Mota, C.C.3    Barbosa, M.M.4
  • 128
    • 8544283794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O'Moore-Sullivan T, Leano R, Byrne N, Beller E, Marwick TH. Alterations of left ventricular myocardial characteristics associated with obesity
    • Wong, C.Y., O'Moore-Sullivan T, Leano R, Byrne N, Beller E, Marwick TH. Alterations of left ventricular myocardial characteristics associated with obesity. Circulation 110 (2004), 3081–3087.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 3081-3087
    • Wong, C.Y.1
  • 129
    • 77649257596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of obesity on the left ventricle: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)
    • Turkbey, E.B., McClelland, R.L., Kronmal, R.A., et al. The impact of obesity on the left ventricle: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 3 (2010), 266–274.
    • (2010) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.3 , pp. 266-274
    • Turkbey, E.B.1    McClelland, R.L.2    Kronmal, R.A.3
  • 130
    • 76349119251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipotoxicity in the heart
    • Wende, A.R., Abel, E.D., Lipotoxicity in the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta 1801 (2010), 311–319.
    • (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1801 , pp. 311-319
    • Wende, A.R.1    Abel, E.D.2
  • 132
    • 34247636612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial metabolism and cardiac performance in obesity and insulin resistance
    • Banerjee, S., Peterson, L.R., Myocardial metabolism and cardiac performance in obesity and insulin resistance. Curr Cardiol Rep 9 (2007), 143–149.
    • (2007) Curr Cardiol Rep , vol.9 , pp. 143-149
    • Banerjee, S.1    Peterson, L.R.2
  • 133
    • 84962300385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cardiovascular disease
    • Ortega, F.B., Lavie, C.J., Blair, S.N., Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 118 (2016), 1752–1770.
    • (2016) Circ Res , vol.118 , pp. 1752-1770
    • Ortega, F.B.1    Lavie, C.J.2    Blair, S.N.3
  • 134
    • 84928581115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the relation of body mass index to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Sharma, A., Lavie, C.J., Borer, J.S., et al. Meta-analysis of the relation of body mass index to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 115 (2015), 1428–1434.
    • (2015) Am J Cardiol , vol.115 , pp. 1428-1434
    • Sharma, A.1    Lavie, C.J.2    Borer, J.S.3
  • 135
    • 84896712096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index and mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure across the world: a global obesity paradox
    • Shah, R., Gayat, E., Januzzi, J.L. Jr., et al. Body mass index and mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure across the world: a global obesity paradox. J Am Coll Cardiol 63 (2014), 778–785.
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.63 , pp. 778-785
    • Shah, R.1    Gayat, E.2    Januzzi, J.L.3
  • 136
    • 85001831601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The obesity paradox in heart failure: is it all about fitness, fat, or sex?
    • Lavie, C.J., Ventura, H.O., The obesity paradox in heart failure: is it all about fitness, fat, or sex?. JACC Heart Fail 3 (2015), 927–930.
    • (2015) JACC Heart Fail , vol.3 , pp. 927-930
    • Lavie, C.J.1    Ventura, H.O.2
  • 137
    • 84984844786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The heart failure overweight/obesity survival paradox: the missing sex link
    • Vest, A.R., Wu, Y., Hachamovitch, R., Young, J.B., Cho, L., The heart failure overweight/obesity survival paradox: the missing sex link. JACC Heart Fail 3 (2015), 917–926.
    • (2015) JACC Heart Fail , vol.3 , pp. 917-926
    • Vest, A.R.1    Wu, Y.2    Hachamovitch, R.3    Young, J.B.4    Cho, L.5
  • 138
    • 84873824809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure
    • Lavie, C.J., Cahalin, L.P., Chase, P., et al. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure. Mayo Clin Proc 88 (2013), 251–258.
    • (2013) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.88 , pp. 251-258
    • Lavie, C.J.1    Cahalin, L.P.2    Chase, P.3
  • 139
    • 85019847604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness with obesity and the obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease
    • Oktay, A.A., Lavie, C.J., Kokkinos, P.F., Parto, P., Pandey, A., Ventura, H.O., The interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness with obesity and the obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 60 (2017), 30–44.
    • (2017) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.60 , pp. 30-44
    • Oktay, A.A.1    Lavie, C.J.2    Kokkinos, P.F.3    Parto, P.4    Pandey, A.5    Ventura, H.O.6
  • 140
    • 85031764424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation prevalence, pathogenesis, and prognosis: effects of weight loss and exercise
    • Lavie, C.J., Pandey, A., Lau, D.H., Alpert, M.A., Obesity, Sanders P., Atrial fibrillation prevalence, pathogenesis, and prognosis: effects of weight loss and exercise. J Am Coll Cardiol 70 (2017), 2022–2035.
    • (2017) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 2022-2035
    • Lavie, C.J.1    Pandey, A.2    Lau, D.H.3    Alpert, M.A.4    Obesity, S.P.5
  • 142
    • 52449125864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity as a risk factor for the progression of paroxysmal to permanent atrial fibrillation: a longitudinal cohort study of 21 years
    • Tsang, T.S., Barnes, M.E., Miyasaka, Y., et al. Obesity as a risk factor for the progression of paroxysmal to permanent atrial fibrillation: a longitudinal cohort study of 21 years. Eur Heart J 29 (2008), 2227–2233.
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 2227-2233
    • Tsang, T.S.1    Barnes, M.E.2    Miyasaka, Y.3
  • 143
    • 67650081557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent value of left atrial volume index for the prediction of mortality in patients with suspected heart failure referred from the community
    • Lim, T.K., Dwivedi, G., Hayat, S., Majumdar, S., Senior, R., Independent value of left atrial volume index for the prediction of mortality in patients with suspected heart failure referred from the community. Heart 95 (2009), 1172–1178.
    • (2009) Heart , vol.95 , pp. 1172-1178
    • Lim, T.K.1    Dwivedi, G.2    Hayat, S.3    Majumdar, S.4    Senior, R.5
  • 144
    • 70350717998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging process of the heart: obesity is the main risk factor for left atrial enlargement during aging the MONICA/KORA (monitoring of trends and determinations in cardiovascular disease/cooperative research in the region of Augsburg) study
    • Stritzke, J., Markus, M.R., Duderstadt, S., et al. The aging process of the heart: obesity is the main risk factor for left atrial enlargement during aging the MONICA/KORA (monitoring of trends and determinations in cardiovascular disease/cooperative research in the region of Augsburg) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 54 (2009), 1982–1989.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.54 , pp. 1982-1989
    • Stritzke, J.1    Markus, M.R.2    Duderstadt, S.3
  • 145
    • 10844295087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery
    • Sjöström, L., Lindroos, A.K., Peltonen, M., et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med 351 (2004), 2683–2693.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2683-2693
    • Sjöström, L.1    Lindroos, A.K.2    Peltonen, M.3
  • 147
    • 84855367738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events
    • Sjostrom, L., Peltonen, M., Jacobson, P., et al. Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events. JAMA 307 (2012), 56–65.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 56-65
    • Sjostrom, L.1    Peltonen, M.2    Jacobson, P.3
  • 148
    • 34548090763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects
    • Sjostrom, L., Narbro, K., Sjostrom, C.D., et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med 357 (2007), 741–752.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 741-752
    • Sjostrom, L.1    Narbro, K.2    Sjostrom, C.D.3
  • 149
    • 84888186784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Gloy, V.L., Briel, M., Bhatt, D.L., et al. Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ, f5934, 2013, 347.
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.f5934 , pp. 347
    • Gloy, V.L.1    Briel, M.2    Bhatt, D.L.3
  • 150
    • 84870395841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review
    • Vest, A.R., Heneghan, H.M., Agarwal, S., Schauer, P.R., Young, J.B., Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review. Heart 98 (2012), 1763–1777.
    • (2012) Heart , vol.98 , pp. 1763-1777
    • Vest, A.R.1    Heneghan, H.M.2    Agarwal, S.3    Schauer, P.R.4    Young, J.B.5
  • 151
    • 84897450561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bariatric surgery and its impact on cardiovascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Kwok, C.S., Pradhan, A., Khan, M.A., et al. Bariatric surgery and its impact on cardiovascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 173 (2014), 20–28.
    • (2014) Int J Cardiol , vol.173 , pp. 20-28
    • Kwok, C.S.1    Pradhan, A.2    Khan, M.A.3
  • 152
    • 84959449336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery position statement on long-term survival benefit after metabolic and bariatric surgery
    • Kim, J., Eisenberg, D., Azagury, D., Rogers, A., Campos, G.M., American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery position statement on long-term survival benefit after metabolic and bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 12 (2016), 453–459.
    • (2016) Surg Obes Relat Dis , vol.12 , pp. 453-459
    • Kim, J.1    Eisenberg, D.2    Azagury, D.3    Rogers, A.4    Campos, G.M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.