Risk factors for the progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation

Volumn 115, Issue 21, 2007, Pages 2722-2730

  Kronmal, Richard A ^a   McClelland, Robyn L ^a   Detrano, Robert ^b   Shea, Steven ^c   Lima, João A ^d   Cushman, Mary ^e   Bild, Diane E ^f   Burke, Gregory L ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b HARBOR UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^d JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^g WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Arteries; Calcium; Coronary disease; Epidemiology; Imaging; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CREATININE; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ARTERY CALCIFICATION; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUCASIAN; CHINESE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; ETHNICITY; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GROUPS BY AGE; HEART INFARCTION; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEGRO; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CALCINOSIS; COHORT STUDIES; CONTINENTAL POPULATION GROUPS; CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CORONARY VESSELS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 34249739139     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.674143     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, Doherty TM, Detrano RC. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA. 2004;291:210-215.
2. Arad Y, Goodman K, Roth M, Newstein D, Guerci AD. Coronary calcification, coronary disease risk factors, C-reactive protein, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events: the St Francis Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:158-165.
3. O'Malley PG, Taylor AJ, Jackson JL, Doherty TM, Detrano RC. Prognostic value of coronary electron-beam computed tomography for coronary heart disease events in asymptomatic populations. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:945-948.
4. Kondos GT, Hoff JA, Sevrukov A, Daviglus ML, Garside DB, Devries SS, Chomka EV, Liu K. Electron-beam tomography coronary artery calcium and cardiac events: a 37-month follow-up of 5635 initially asymptomatic low- to intermediate-risk adults. Circulation. 2003;107:2571-2576.
5. Raggi P, Cooil B, Callister TQ. Use of electron beam tomography data to develop models for prediction of hard coronary events. Am Heart J. 2001;141:375-382.
6. Wong ND, Hsu JC, Detrano RC, Diamond G, Eisenberg H, Gardin JM. Coronary artery calcium evaluation by electron beam computed tomography and its relation to new cardiovascular events. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:495-498.
7. Lamonte MJ, Fitzgerland SJ, Church TS, Barlow CE, Radford NB, Levine BD, Pippin JJ, Gibbons LW, Blair SN, Nichaman MZ. Coronary artery calcium score and coronary heart disease events in a large cohort of asymptomatic men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:421-429.
8. Taylor AJ, Bindeman J, Fuerstein I, Cao F, Brazaitis M, O'Malley PG. Coronary calcium independently predicts incident premature coronary heart disease over measured cardiovascular risk factors: mean three-year outcomes in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) project. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:807-814.
9. Vliegenthart R, Oudkerk M, Hofman A, Oei HH, van Dijck W, van Rooij FJ, Witteman JC. Coronary calcification improves cardiovascular risk prediction in the elderly. Circulation. 2005;112:572-577.
10. Yoon HC, Emerick AM, Hill JA, Gjertson DW, Goldin JG. Calcium begets calcium: progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects. Radiology. 2002;224:236-241.
11. Budoff MJ, Lane KL, Bakhsheshi H, Mao S, Grassmann BO, Friedman BC, Brundage BH. Rates of progression of coronary calcium by electron beam tomography. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:8-11.
12. Callister TQ, Raggi P, Cooil B, Lippolis NJ, Russo DJ. Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on coronary artery disease as assessed by electron-beam computed tomography. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1972-1978.
13. Wong ND, Kawakubo M, LaBree L, Azen SP, Xiang M, Detrano R. Relation of coronary calcium progression and control of lipids according to National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:431-436.
14. Cassidy AE, Bielak LF, Zhou Y, Sheedy PF, Turner ST, Breen JF, Araoz PA, Kullo IJ, Lin X, Peyser PA. Progression of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: does obesity make a difference? Circulation. 2005;111:1877-1882.
15. Bursztyn M, Motro M, Grossman E, Shemesh J. Accelerated coronary artery calcification in mildly reduced renal function of high-risk hypertensives: a 3-year prospective observation. J Hypertens. 2003;21:1953-1959.
16. Shemesh J, Apter S, Stolero D, Itzchak Y, Motro M. Annual progression of coronary artery calcium by spiral computed tomography in hypertensive patients without myocardial ischemia but with prominent atherosclerotic risk factors, in patients with previous angina pectoris or healed acute myocardial infarction, and in patients with coronary events during follow-up. Am J Cardiol. 2001;87:1395-1397.
17. Chironi G, Simon A, Denarie N, Vedie B, Sene V, Megnien J, Levenson J. Determinants of progression of coronary artery calcifications in asymptomatic men at high cardiovascular risk. Angiology. 2002;53:677-683.
18. Hoffman U, Derfler K, Haas M, Stadler A, Brady TJ, Kostner K. Effects of combined low-density lipoprotein apheresis and aggressive statin therapy on coronary calcified plaque as measured by computed tomography. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:461-463.
19. Bielak LF, Sheedy PF, Peyser PA. Coronary artery calcification measured at electron-beam CT: agreement in dual scan runs and change over time. Radiology. 2001;218:224-229.
20. Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke GL, Detrano R, Diez Roux AV, Folsom AR, Greenland P, Jacobs DR, Kronmal R, Liu K, Clark Nelson J, O'Leary D, Saad MF, Shea S, Szklo M, Tracy RP. Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:871-881.
21. Carr JJ, Nelson JC, Wong ND, McNitt-Gray M, Arad Y, Jacobs DR Jr, Sidney S, Bild DE, Williams OD, Detrano R. Calcified coronary artery plaque measurement with cardiac CT in population-based studies: standardized protocol of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Radiology. 2005;234:35-43.
22. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:827-832.
23. Nelson JC, Detrano R, Kronmal RA, Carr JJ, McNitt-Gray MF, Wong N, Loria C, Goldin JG, Williams DO. Measuring coronary calcium on CT images adjusted for attenuation differences. Radiology. 2005;235:403-414.
24. McClelland RL, Chung H, Detrano R, Post W, Kronmal RA. The distribution of coronary artery calcium by race, gender and age: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation. 2006;113:30-37.
25. Lumley T, Kronmal RA, Ma S. Relative risk regression in medical research: models, contrasts, estimators and algorithms. Seattle, Wash: University of Washington; 2006. UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series, paper 293. Available at: http://www.bepress.com/uwbiostat/paper293. Accessed July 19, 2006.
26. Stata Corp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 9. College Station, Tex: Stata Corp LP; 2005.
27. Hamilton LC. How robust is robust regression? Stata Tech Bull. 1991;2:21-26.
28. R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2004.
29. Goodman WG, Goldin J, Kuizon BD, Yoon C, Gales B, Sider D, Wang Y, Chung J, Emerick A, Greaser L, Elashoff RM, Salusky IB. Coronaryartery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1478-1483.
30. Braun J, Oldendorf M, Moshage W, Heidler R, Zeitler E, Luft FC. Electron beam computed tomography in the evaluation of cardiac calcification in chronic dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;27:394-401.
31. Hsia J, Klouj A, Prasad A, Burt J, Adams-Campbell LL, Howard BV. Progression of coronary calcification in healthy postmenopausal women. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2004;4:21.
32. Achenbach S, Ropers D, Pohle K, Leber A, Thilo C, Knez A, Menendez T, Maeffert R, Kusus M, Regenfus M, Bickel A, Haberl R, Steinbeck G, Moshage W, Daniel WG. Influence of lipid-lowering therapy on the progression of coronary artery calcification: a prospective evaluation. Circulation. 2002;106:1077-1082.
33. Swenson CJ, Trepka MJ, Rewers MJ, Scarbro S, Hiatt WR, Hamman RF. Cardiovascular disease mortality in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:919-928.