Glycemic impact of non-nutritive sweeteners: A systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 72, Issue 6, 2018, Pages 796-804

  Nichol, Alexander D ^a   Holle, Maxwell J ^a   An, Ruopeng ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPARTAME; NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENER; SACCHARIN; STEVIOSIDE; SUCRALOSE;

AGE; BODY WEIGHT; DIABETES MELLITUS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCEMIC IMPACT; HUMAN; NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PUBLICATION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; BLOOD GLUCOSE; FEMALE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85046888481     PISSN: 09543007     EISSN: 14765640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0170-6     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. An R. Health care expenses in relation to obesity and smoking among US adults by gender, race/ethnicity, and age group: 1998-2011. Public Health. 2015;129:29-36.
2. Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Ogden C. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 2-19 years: United States, 1963-1965 through 2013-2014, 2016, [Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity-child-13-14/obesity-child-13-14.pdf ].
3. Tsai AG, Williamson DF, Glick HA. Direct medical cost of overweight and obesity in the USA: A quantitative systematic review. Obes Rev. 2011;12:50-61.
4. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19· 2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387:1377-96.
5. Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, Després J-P, Hu FB. Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation. 2010;121:1356-64.
6. Te Morenga L, Mallard S, Mann J. Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-Analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. BMJ. 2013;346:e7492.
7. Dennis EA, Flack KD, Davy BM. Beverage consumption and adult weight management: A review. Eat Behav. 2009;10:237-46.
8. WHO. Population nutrient intake goals for preventing diet-related chronic diseases: World Health Organization Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/5-Population-Nutrient/EN/
9. Department of Health, US. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2015-2020. New York City, N.Y.: Skyhorse Publishing Inc.; 2017.
10. WHO. Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
11. Sylvetsky AC, Jin Y, Clark EJ, Welsh JA, Rother KI, Talegawkar SA. Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners among children and adults in the United States. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017;117:441-8. e2.
12. Food and Drug Administration, US. Additional information about high-intensity sweeteners permitted for use in food in the United States 2015 [updated 05/26/2015].
13. Whitehouse CR, Boullata J, McCauley LA. The potential toxicity of artificial sweeteners. Aaohn J. 2008;56:251-61.
14. Food and Drug Administration, US. High-intensity sweeteners 2014. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/food/ingredientspackaginglabeling/foodadditivesingredients/ucm397716.htm.
15. Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Gidding SS, Steffen LM, Johnson RK, Reader D, et al. Nonnutritive sweeteners: current use and health perspectives. Circulation. 2012;126:509-19.
16. Shankar P, Ahuja S, Sriram K. Non-nutritive sweeteners: review and update. Nutrition. 2013;29:1293-9.
17. Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, Dunbar SA, Franz MJ, Mayer-Davis EJ, et al. Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:S120-S43.
18. Pepino MY. Metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners. Physiol Behav. 2015;152:450-5.
19. Romo-Romo A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Brito-Córdova GX, Díaz RAG, Valentín DV, Almeda-Valdes P. Effects of the non-nutritive sweeteners on glucose metabolism and appetite regulating hormones: systematic review of observational prospective studies and clinical trials. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0161264.
20. Berlin I, Vorspan F, Warot D, Manéglier B, Spreux-Varoquaux O. Effect of glucose on tobacco craving. Is it mediated by tryptophan and serotonin? Psychopharmacology. 2005;178:27-34.
21. Brandt KR, Gibson EL, Rackie JM. Differential facilitative effects of glucose administration on Stroop task conditions. Behav Neurosci. 2013;127:932.
22. Brandt KR, Sünram-Lea SI, Qualtrough K. The effect of glucose administration on the emotional enhancement effect in recognition memory. Biol Psychol. 2006;73:199-208.
23. Brown AW, Brown MMB, Onken KL, Beitz DC. Short-Term consumption of sucralose, a nonnutritive sweetener, is similar to water with regard to select markers of hunger signaling and short-Term glucose homeostasis in women. Nutr Res. 2011;31:882-8.
24. Burns TS, Stargel W, Tschanz C, Kotsonis FN, Hurwitz A. Aspartame and sucrose produce a similar increase in the plasma phenylalanine to large neutral amino acid ratio in healthy subjects. Pharmacology. 1991;43:210-9.
25. Coppola L, Coppola A, Grassia A, Mastrolorenzo L, Lettieri B, De Lucia D, et al. Acute hyperglycemia alters von Willebrand factor but not the fibrinolytic system in elderly subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance. Blood Coagul & Fibrinolysis. 2004;15:629-35.
26. Flint RW, Turek C. Glucose effects on a continuous performance test of attention in adults. Behav Brain Res. 2003;142:217-28.
27. Foster J, Lidder P, Sünram S. Glucose and memory: fractionation of enhancement effects? Psychopharmacol (Berl). 1998;137:259-70.
28. Geuns JM, Buyse J, Vankeirsbilck A, Temme EH. Metabolism of stevioside by healthy subjects. Exp Biol Med. 2007;232:164-73.
29. Gonder-Frederick L, Hall J, Vogt J, Cox D, Green J, Gold P. Memory enhancement in elderly humans: effects of glucose ingestion. Physiol Behav. 1987;41:503-4.
30. Green MW, Taylor MA, Elliman NA, Rhodes O. Placebo expectancy effects in the relationship between glucose and cognition. Br J Nutr. 2001;86:173-9.
31. Hazali N, Mohamed A, Ibrahim M, Masri M, Isa KAM, Nor NM. Effect of acute Stevia consumption on blood glucose response in healthy Malay young adults. Sains Malays. 2014;43:649-54.
32. Horwitz DL, McLane M, Kobe P. Response to single dose of aspartame or saccharin by NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care. 1988;11:230-4.
33. Just T, Pau HW, Engel U, Hummel T. Cephalic phase insulin release in healthy humans after taste stimulation? Appetite. 2008;51:622-7.
34. Manning CA, Parsons MW, Gold PE. Anterograde and retrograde enhancement of 24-h memory by glucose in elderly humans. Behav Neural Biol. 1992;58:125-30.
35. Manning CA, Stone WS, Korol DL, Gold PE. Glucose enhancement of 24-h memory retrieval in healthy elderly humans. Behav Brain Res. 1998;93:71-6.
36. Messier C, Desrochers A, Gagnon M. Effect of glucose, glucose regulation, and word imagery value on human memory. Behav Neurosci. 1999;113:431.
37. Messier C, Gagnon M, Knott V. Effect of glucose and peripheral glucose regulation on memory in the elderly. Neurobiol Aging. 1997;18:297-304.
38. Newcomer JW, Craft S, Fucetola R, Moldin SO, Selke G, Paras L, et al. Glucose-induced increase in memory performance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25:321-35.
39. Nguyen UN, Dumoulin G, Henriet M-Trs, Regnard J. Aspartame ingestion increases urinary calcium, but not oxalate excretion, in healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol & Metab. 1998;83:165-8.
40. Okuno G, Kawakami F, Tako H, Kashihara T, Shibamoto S, Yamazaki T, et al. Glucose tolerance, blood lipid, insulin and glucagon concentration after single or continuous administration of aspartame in diabetics. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1986;2:23-7.
41. Parent MB, Krebs-Kraft DL, Ryan JP, Wilson JS, Harenski C, Hamann S. Glucose administration enhances fMRI brain activation and connectivity related to episodic memory encoding for neutral and emotional stimuli. Neuropsychologia. 2011;49:1052-66.
42. Shigeta H, Yoshida T, Nakai M, Mori H, Kano Y, Nishioka H, et al. Effects of aspartame on diabetic rats and diabetic patients. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1985;31:533-40.
43. Smeets PA, de Graaf C, Stafleu A, van Osch MJ, van der Grond J. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human hypothalamic responses to sweet taste and calories. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:1011-6.
44. Tey S, Salleh N, Henry J, Forde C. Effects of aspartame-, monk fruit-, stevia-And sucrose-sweetened beverages on postprandial glucose, insulin and energy intake. Int J Obes. 2017;41:450-7.
45. Wu T, Bound MJ, Zhao BR, Standfield SD, Bellon M, Jones KL, et al. Effects of a D-xylose preload with or without sitagliptin on gastric emptying, glucagon-like peptide-1, and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:1913-8.
46. Wu T, Zhao BR, Bound MJ, Checklin HL, Bellon M, Little TJ, et al. Effects of different sweet preloads on incretin hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and postprandial glycemia in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:78-83.
47. Walk AM, Raine LB, Kramer AF, Cohen NJ, Khan NA, Hillman CH. Differential effects of carbohydrates on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of selective attention in preadolescent children. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017;11:614.
48. Ginieis R, Franz EA, Oey I, Peng M. The "sweet" effect: comparative assessments of dietary sugars on cognitive performance. Physiol Behav. 2018;184:242-7.
49. Raben A, Richelsen B. Artificial sweeteners: A place in the field of functional foods? Focus on obesity and related metabolic disorders. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15:597-604.
50. Moebus S, Göres L, Lösch C, Jöckel K-H. Impact of time since last caloric intake on blood glucose levels. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011;26:719.
51. DECODE Study Group. Age-And sex-specific prevalences of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 13 European cohorts. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:61-9.
52. Bakari AG, Onyemelukwe GC, Sani BG, Aliyu IS, Hassan SS, Aliyu TM. Relationship between random blood sugar and body mass index in an African population. Int J Diabetes Metab. 2006;14:144.
53. Kalyani RR, Egan JM. Diabetes and altered glucose metabolism with aging. Endocrinol Metab Clinics. 2013;42:333-47.
54. Brown RJ, Rother KI. Non-nutritive sweeteners and their role in the gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:2597-605.
55. W-n Cong, Wang R, Cai H, Daimon CM, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Bohr VA, et al. Long-Term artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium treatment alters neurometabolic functions in C57BL/6J mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e70257.
56. Filer L, Stegink LD. Aspartame metabolism in normal adults, phenylketonuric heterozygotes, and diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 1989;12:67-74.
57. Koyama E, Sakai N, Ohori Y, Kitazawa K, Izawa O, Kakegawa K, et al. Absorption and metabolism of glycosidic sweeteners of stevia mixture and their aglycone, steviol, in rats and humans. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003;41:875-83.
58. McChesney E, Golberg L. The excretion and metabolism of saccharin in man. I. Methods of investigation and preliminary results. Food Cosmet Toxicol. 1973;11:403-14.
59. Murata Y, Ogawa T, Suzuki YA, Yoshikawa S, Inui H, Sugiura M, et al. Digestion and absorption of Siraitia grosvenori triterpenoids in the rat. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74:673-6.
60. Nofre C, Tinti J-M. Neotame: discovery, properties, utility. Food Chem. 2000;69:245-57.
61. Schiffman SS, Rother KI. Sucralose, a synthetic organochlorine sweetener: overview of biological issues. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part B. 2013;16:399-451.
62. Swithers SE. Artificial sweeteners produce the counterintuitive effect of inducing metabolic derangements. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013;24:431-41.
63. Azad MB, Abou-Setta AM, Chauhan BF, Rabbani R, Lys J, Copstein L, et al. Nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. Can Med Assoc J. 2017;189:E929-E39.
64. Rini GB, Di Fede G, Mascellino MR, Rizzo G. The effect of artificial sweetener on insulin secretion. 1. The effect of acesulfame K on insulin secretion in the rat (studies in vivo). Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1987;63:509-13.
65. Brown RJ, Walter M, Rother KI. Ingestion of diet soda before a glucose load augments glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. Physiol Behav. 2009;98:618-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.09.016.
66. Fukuda M, Terata T, Tsuda K, Sugawara M, Kitatani N, Seino Y. Aspartame-Acesulfame K-containing low-energy erythritol sweetener markedly suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia in mild and borderline diabetics. Food Sci Technol Res. 2010;16:457-66.
67. Wang X-T, Dvorak RD. Sweet future: fluctuating blood glucose levels affect future discounting. Psychol Sci. 2010;21:183-8.
68. Steinert RE, Frey F, Töpfer A, Drewe J, Beglinger C. Effects of carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners on appetite and the secretion of gastrointestinal satiety peptides. Br J Nutr. 2011;105:1320-8.
69. Brown RJ, Walter M, Rother KI. Effects of diet soda on gut hormones in youths with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:959-64.
70. Aaroe L, Petersen MB. Hunger games: fluctuations in blood glucose levels influence support for social welfare. Psychol Sci. 2013;24:2550-6.
71. Panahi S, El Khoury D, Luhovyy BL, Goff HD, Anderson GH. Caloric beverages consumed freely at meal-Time add calories to an ad libitum meal. Appetite. 2013;65:75-82.
72. Otero-Losada ME, Mc Loughlin S, Rodriguez-Granillo G, Muller A, Ottaviano G, Moriondo M, et al. Metabolic disturbances and worsening of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/-mice after cola beverages drinking. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013;12:57.
73. Wu TZ, Bound MJ, Standfield SD, Bellon M, Young RL, Jones KL, et al. Artificial sweeteners have no effect on gastric emptying, glucagon-like peptide-1, or glycemia after oral glucose in healthy humans. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:E202-E3.
74. Bryant CE, Wasse LK, Astbury N, Nandra G, McLaughlin JT. Non-nutritive sweeteners: no class effect on the glycaemic or appetite responses to ingested glucose. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014;68:629.
75. Yang Q. Gain weight by "going diet?" Artificial sweeteners and the neurobiology of sugar cravings: neuroscience 2010. Yale J Biol Med. 2010;83:101.