메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 8, 2018, Pages e239-e247

Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis—evaluating the evidence for causality

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS; CAUSALITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; ENTEROVIRUS A71; ENTEROVIRUS D68; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION; FLACCID PARALYSIS; HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE; HUMAN; LIMB WEAKNESS; MOTONEURON; MYELITIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD VENTRAL HORN; VIRUS ISOLATION; WEST NILE VIRUS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION; ENTEROVIRUS D; EPIDEMIC; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; PARALYSIS; VIROLOGY;

EID: 85042367414     PISSN: 14733099     EISSN: 14744457     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30094-X     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (175)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 84951952322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis of unknown etiology in California, 2012–2015
    • Van Haren, K, Ayscue, P, Waubant, E, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis of unknown etiology in California, 2012–2015. JAMA 314 (2015), 2663–2671.
    • (2015) JAMA , vol.314 , pp. 2663-2671
    • Van Haren, K.1    Ayscue, P.2    Waubant, E.3
  • 2
    • 84985987025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis: a clinical review of US cases 2012–2015
    • Messacar, K, Schreiner, TL, Van Haren, K, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis: a clinical review of US cases 2012–2015. Ann Neurol 80 (2016), 326–338.
    • (2016) Ann Neurol , vol.80 , pp. 326-338
    • Messacar, K.1    Schreiner, T.L.2    Van Haren, K.3
  • 3
    • 0014065804 scopus 로고
    • A probable new human picornavirus associated with respiratory diseases
    • Schieble, JH, Fox, VL, Lennette, EH, A probable new human picornavirus associated with respiratory diseases. Am J Epidemiol 85 (1967), 297–310.
    • (1967) Am J Epidemiol , vol.85 , pp. 297-310
    • Schieble, J.H.1    Fox, V.L.2    Lennette, E.H.3
  • 4
    • 4544336355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus 68 is associated with respiratory illness and shares biological features with both the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses
    • Oberste, MS, Maher, K, Schnurr, D, et al. Enterovirus 68 is associated with respiratory illness and shares biological features with both the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses. J Gen Virol 85 (2004), 2577–2584.
    • (2004) J Gen Virol , vol.85 , pp. 2577-2584
    • Oberste, M.S.1    Maher, K.2    Schnurr, D.3
  • 5
    • 0036841966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human rhinovirus 87 and enterovirus 68 represent a unique serotype with rhinovirus and enterovirus features
    • Blomqvist, S, Savolainen, C, Raman, L, Roivainen, M, Hovi, T, Human rhinovirus 87 and enterovirus 68 represent a unique serotype with rhinovirus and enterovirus features. J Clin Microbiol 40 (2002), 4218–4223.
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 4218-4223
    • Blomqvist, S.1    Savolainen, C.2    Raman, L.3    Roivainen, M.4    Hovi, T.5
  • 6
    • 84896740434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigenic and receptor binding properties of enterovirus 68
    • Imamura, T, Okamoto, M, Nakakita, S, et al. Antigenic and receptor binding properties of enterovirus 68. J Virol 88 (2014), 2374–2384.
    • (2014) J Virol , vol.88 , pp. 2374-2384
    • Imamura, T.1    Okamoto, M.2    Nakakita, S.3
  • 7
    • 84946944200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sialic acid-dependent cell entry of human enterovirus D68
    • Liu, Y, Sheng, J, Baggen, J, et al. Sialic acid-dependent cell entry of human enterovirus D68. Nat Commun, 6, 2015, 8865.
    • (2015) Nat Commun , vol.6 , pp. 8865
    • Liu, Y.1    Sheng, J.2    Baggen, J.3
  • 9
    • 80053968379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clusters of acute respiratory illness associated with human enterovirus 68—Asia, Europe, and United States, 2008–2010
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clusters of acute respiratory illness associated with human enterovirus 68—Asia, Europe, and United States, 2008–2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60 (2011), 1301–1304.
    • (2011) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.60 , pp. 1301-1304
  • 10
    • 84948179765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe respiratory illness associated with a nationwide outbreak of enterovirus D68 in the USA (2014): a descriptive epidemiological investigation
    • Midgley, CM, Watson, JT, Nix, WA, et al. Severe respiratory illness associated with a nationwide outbreak of enterovirus D68 in the USA (2014): a descriptive epidemiological investigation. Lancet Respir Med 3 (2015), 879–887.
    • (2015) Lancet Respir Med , vol.3 , pp. 879-887
    • Midgley, C.M.1    Watson, J.T.2    Nix, W.A.3
  • 11
    • 84941550909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European surveillance for enterovirus D68 during the emerging North-American outbreak in 2014
    • Poelman, R, Schuffenecker, I, Van Leer-Buter, C, et al. European surveillance for enterovirus D68 during the emerging North-American outbreak in 2014. J Clin Virol 71 (2015), 1–9.
    • (2015) J Clin Virol , vol.71 , pp. 1-9
    • Poelman, R.1    Schuffenecker, I.2    Van Leer-Buter, C.3
  • 12
    • 85053371932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68
    • (accessed April 21, 2017).
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enterovirus D68. https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/ev-d68.html, 2017 (accessed April 21, 2017).
    • (2017)
  • 13
    • 85018995930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68 subclade B3 strain circulating and causing an outbreak in the United States in 2016
    • Wang, G, Zhuge, J, Huang, W, et al. Enterovirus D68 subclade B3 strain circulating and causing an outbreak in the United States in 2016. Sci Rep, 7, 2017, 1242.
    • (2017) Sci Rep , vol.7 , pp. 1242
    • Wang, G.1    Zhuge, J.2    Huang, W.3
  • 14
    • 85019498669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for enterovirus D68 in colorado children reveals continued circulation
    • Messacar, K, Robinson, CC, Pretty, K, Yuan, J, Dominguez, SR, Surveillance for enterovirus D68 in colorado children reveals continued circulation. J Clin Virol 92 (2017), 39–41.
    • (2017) J Clin Virol , vol.92 , pp. 39-41
    • Messacar, K.1    Robinson, C.C.2    Pretty, K.3    Yuan, J.4    Dominguez, S.R.5
  • 15
    • 85000577355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of enterovirus D68 of the new B3 lineage in Stockholm, Sweden, August to September 2016
    • Dyrdak, R, Grabbe, M, Hammas, B, et al. Outbreak of enterovirus D68 of the new B3 lineage in Stockholm, Sweden, August to September 2016. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016.
    • (2016) Euro Surveill , vol.21
    • Dyrdak, R.1    Grabbe, M.2    Hammas, B.3
  • 16
    • 85006421853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upsurge of enterovirus D68, the Netherlands, 2016
    • Knoester, M, Scholvinck, EH, Poelman, R, et al. Upsurge of enterovirus D68, the Netherlands, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 23 (2017), 140–143.
    • (2017) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 140-143
    • Knoester, M.1    Scholvinck, E.H.2    Poelman, R.3
  • 17
    • 85020435307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An enhanced enterovirus surveillance system allows identification and characterization of rare and emerging respiratory enteroviruses in Denmark, 2015–16
    • Barnadas, C, Midgley, SE, Skov, MN, Jensen, L, Poulsen, MW, Fischer, TK, An enhanced enterovirus surveillance system allows identification and characterization of rare and emerging respiratory enteroviruses in Denmark, 2015–16. J Clin Virol 93 (2017), 40–44.
    • (2017) J Clin Virol , vol.93 , pp. 40-44
    • Barnadas, C.1    Midgley, S.E.2    Skov, M.N.3    Jensen, L.4    Poulsen, M.W.5    Fischer, T.K.6
  • 18
    • 84920903741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes from the field: acute flaccid myelitis among persons aged ≤21 years—United States, August 1–November 13, 2014
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notes from the field: acute flaccid myelitis among persons aged ≤21 years—United States, August 1–November 13, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63 (2015), 1243–1244.
    • (2015) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.63 , pp. 1243-1244
  • 19
    • 3242755773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus and “poliomyelitis”
    • Sejvar, JJ, West Nile virus and “poliomyelitis”. Neurology 63 (2004), 206–207.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 206-207
    • Sejvar, J.J.1
  • 21
    • 0032507289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poliomyelitis-like illness due to Japanese encephalitis virus
    • Solomon, T, Kneen, R, Dung, NM, et al. Poliomyelitis-like illness due to Japanese encephalitis virus. Lancet 351 (1998), 1094–1097.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1094-1097
    • Solomon, T.1    Kneen, R.2    Dung, N.M.3
  • 22
    • 21144433035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus-associated flaccid paralysis
    • Sejvar, JJ, Bode, AV, Marfin, AA, et al. West Nile virus-associated flaccid paralysis. Emerg Infect Dis 11 (2006), 1021–1027.
    • (2006) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 1021-1027
    • Sejvar, J.J.1    Bode, A.V.2    Marfin, A.A.3
  • 23
    • 84995451833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis in the United States, August–December 2014: results of nationwide surveillance
    • Sejvar, JJ, Lopez, AS, Cortese, MM, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis in the United States, August–December 2014: results of nationwide surveillance. Clin Infect Dis 63 (2016), 737–745.
    • (2016) Clin Infect Dis , vol.63 , pp. 737-745
    • Sejvar, J.J.1    Lopez, A.S.2    Cortese, M.M.3
  • 24
    • 85012965301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal outcomes in the 2014 accute flaccid paralysis cluster in Canada
    • Yea, C, Bitnun, A, Robinson, J, et al. Longitudinal outcomes in the 2014 accute flaccid paralysis cluster in Canada. J Child Neurol 32 (2017), 301–307.
    • (2017) J Child Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 301-307
    • Yea, C.1    Bitnun, A.2    Robinson, J.3
  • 25
    • 85053288259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rise in acute flaccid myelitis cases reported in the US and Europe
    • Hurley, D, Rise in acute flaccid myelitis cases reported in the US and Europe. Neurol Today 17 (2017), 8–9.
    • (2017) Neurol Today , vol.17 , pp. 8-9
    • Hurley, D.1
  • 26
    • 85056518406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis surveillance
    • (accessed Sept 19, 2017).
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Acute flaccid myelitis surveillance. https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/afm-surveillance.html, 2017 (accessed Sept 19, 2017).
    • (2017)
  • 27
    • 85026201721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes from the field: cluster of acute flaccid myelitis in five pediatric patients—Maricopa County, Arizona, 2016
    • Iverson, SA, Ostdiek, S, Prasai, S, et al. Notes from the field: cluster of acute flaccid myelitis in five pediatric patients—Maricopa County, Arizona, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66 (2017), 758–760.
    • (2017) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.66 , pp. 758-760
    • Iverson, S.A.1    Ostdiek, S.2    Prasai, S.3
  • 28
    • 85027382223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis among children—Washington, September–November 2016
    • Bonwitt, J, Poel, A, DeBolt, C, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis among children—Washington, September–November 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66 (2017), 826–829.
    • (2017) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.66 , pp. 826-829
    • Bonwitt, J.1    Poel, A.2    DeBolt, C.3
  • 29
    • 85065153500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis cases presenting during a spike in respiratory enterovirus D68 circulation: case series from a single pediatric referral center
    • Naccache, SN, Bender, J, Desai, J, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis cases presenting during a spike in respiratory enterovirus D68 circulation: case series from a single pediatric referral center. Open Forum Infect Dis 4:suppl 1 (2017), s305–S306.
    • (2017) Open Forum Infect Dis , vol.4 , pp. s305-S306
    • Naccache, S.N.1    Bender, J.2    Desai, J.3
  • 30
    • 85056546307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis: characteristics and outcomes in 2014 and 2016 clusters
    • (accessed Feb 13, 2018).
    • Hopkins, S, McGuire, J, Swami, S, Ulloa, ER, Banwell, B, Acute flaccid myelitis: characteristics and outcomes in 2014 and 2016 clusters. https://www.mdlinx.com/internal-medicine/conference-abstract.cfm/61305/?nonus=0&searchstring=&coverage_day=0&page=1, April 27, 2017 (accessed Feb 13, 2018).
    • (2017)
    • Hopkins, S.1    McGuire, J.2    Swami, S.3    Ulloa, E.R.4    Banwell, B.5
  • 31
    • 84990097925 scopus 로고
    • Uber bakteriologische Forschung Verhandlung des X Internationalen Medichinischen Congresses, Berlin
    • KC Carter A Hirschwald Greenwood Press New York
    • Koch, R, Uber bakteriologische Forschung Verhandlung des X Internationalen Medichinischen Congresses, Berlin. Carter, KC, Hirschwald, A, (eds.) Essays of Robert Koch, 1987, Greenwood Press, New York, 179–186.
    • (1987) Essays of Robert Koch , pp. 179-186
    • Koch, R.1
  • 32
    • 31844443695 scopus 로고
    • The environment and disease: association or causation?
    • Hill, AB, The environment and disease: association or causation?. Proc R Soc Med 58 (1965), 295–300.
    • (1965) Proc R Soc Med , vol.58 , pp. 295-300
    • Hill, A.B.1
  • 33
    • 0030060689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence-based identification of microbial pathogens: a reconsideration of Koch's postulates
    • Fredricks, DN, Relman, DA, Sequence-based identification of microbial pathogens: a reconsideration of Koch's postulates. Clin Microbiol Rev 9 (1996), 18–33.
    • (1996) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.9 , pp. 18-33
    • Fredricks, D.N.1    Relman, D.A.2
  • 34
    • 43049140829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen discovery
    • Lipkin, WI, Pathogen discovery. PLoS Pathog, 4, 2008, e1000002.
    • (2008) PLoS Pathog , vol.4 , pp. e1000002
    • Lipkin, W.I.1
  • 35
    • 84909493290 scopus 로고
    • Acute poliomyelitis (Heine-Medin's disease)
    • The Journal of nervous and mental disease publishing company New York, NY
    • Wickman, I, Acute poliomyelitis (Heine-Medin's disease). 1913, The Journal of nervous and mental disease publishing company, New York, NY.
    • (1913)
    • Wickman, I.1
  • 37
    • 0000448021 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of human poliomyelitis—1. distribution of virus in nervous and non-nervous tissues
    • Sabin, AB, Ward, R, The natural history of human poliomyelitis—1. distribution of virus in nervous and non-nervous tissues. J Exp Med 73 (1941), 771–793.
    • (1941) J Exp Med , vol.73 , pp. 771-793
    • Sabin, A.B.1    Ward, R.2
  • 39
    • 84863116695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A non-mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain exhibits neurotropism, causing neurological manifestations in a novel mouse model of EV71 infection
    • Khong, WX, Yan, B, Yeo, H, et al. A non-mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain exhibits neurotropism, causing neurological manifestations in a novel mouse model of EV71 infection. J Virol 86 (2012), 2121–2131.
    • (2012) J Virol , vol.86 , pp. 2121-2131
    • Khong, W.X.1    Yan, B.2    Yeo, H.3
  • 40
    • 0036242282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the evolution of enterovirus 71 and its clinical and public health significance
    • McMinn, PC, An overview of the evolution of enterovirus 71 and its clinical and public health significance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 26 (2002), 91–107.
    • (2002) FEMS Microbiol Rev , vol.26 , pp. 91-107
    • McMinn, P.C.1
  • 41
    • 84978766167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68 infection in children with acute flaccid myelitis, Colorado, USA, 2014
    • Aliabadi, N, Messacar, K, Pastula, DM, et al. Enterovirus D68 infection in children with acute flaccid myelitis, Colorado, USA, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 22 (2016), 1387–1394.
    • (2016) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 1387-1394
    • Aliabadi, N.1    Messacar, K.2    Pastula, D.M.3
  • 42
    • 84933277814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cluster of acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction temporally associated with an outbreak of enterovirus D68 in children in Colorado, USA
    • Messacar, K, Schreiner, TL, Maloney, JA, et al. A cluster of acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction temporally associated with an outbreak of enterovirus D68 in children in Colorado, USA. Lancet 385 (2015), 1662–1671.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.385 , pp. 1662-1671
    • Messacar, K.1    Schreiner, T.L.2    Maloney, J.A.3
  • 43
    • 84929503532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel outbreak enterovirus D68 strain associated with acute flaccid myelitis cases in the USA (2012–14): a retrospective cohort study
    • Greninger, AL, Naccache, SN, Messacar, K, et al. A novel outbreak enterovirus D68 strain associated with acute flaccid myelitis cases in the USA (2012–14): a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 15 (2015), 671–682.
    • (2015) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 671-682
    • Greninger, A.L.1    Naccache, S.N.2    Messacar, K.3
  • 44
    • 79958844980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fatal central nervous system enterovirus 68 infection
    • Kreuter, JD, Barnes, A, McCarthy, JE, et al. A fatal central nervous system enterovirus 68 infection. Arch Pathol Lab Med 135 (2011), 793–796.
    • (2011) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.135 , pp. 793-796
    • Kreuter, J.D.1    Barnes, A.2    McCarthy, J.E.3
  • 45
    • 85026655278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unusual increase of cases of myelitis in a pediatric hospital in Argentina
    • Perez, G, Rosanova, MT, Freire, MC, et al. Unusual increase of cases of myelitis in a pediatric hospital in Argentina. Arch Argent Pediatr 115 (2017), 364–369.
    • (2017) Arch Argent Pediatr , vol.115 , pp. 364-369
    • Perez, G.1    Rosanova, M.T.2    Freire, M.C.3
  • 46
    • 85029753137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68–associated acute flaccid myelitis in immunocompromised woman, Italy
    • Giombini, E, Rueca, M, Barberi, W, et al. Enterovirus D68–associated acute flaccid myelitis in immunocompromised woman, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 23 (2017), 1690–1693.
    • (2017) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 1690-1693
    • Giombini, E.1    Rueca, M.2    Barberi, W.3
  • 47
    • 84890860980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of enterovirus 68 in serum from pediatric patients with pneumonia and their clinical outcomes
    • Imamura, T, Suzuki, A, Lupisan, S, et al. Detection of enterovirus 68 in serum from pediatric patients with pneumonia and their clinical outcomes. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 8 (2014), 21–24.
    • (2014) Influenza Other Respir Viruses , vol.8 , pp. 21-24
    • Imamura, T.1    Suzuki, A.2    Lupisan, S.3
  • 48
    • 84994708597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICAM-5/telencephalin is a functional entry receptor for enterovirus D68
    • Wei, W, Guo, H, Chang, J, et al. ICAM-5/telencephalin is a functional entry receptor for enterovirus D68. Cell Host Microbe 20 (2016), 63–81.
    • (2016) Cell Host Microbe , vol.20 , pp. 63-81
    • Wei, W.1    Guo, H.2    Chang, J.3
  • 49
    • 85014111110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mouse model of paralytic myelitis caused by enterovirus D68
    • Hixon, AM, Yu, G, Leser, JS, et al. A mouse model of paralytic myelitis caused by enterovirus D68. PLoS Pathog, 13, 2017, e1006199.
    • (2017) PLoS Pathog , vol.13 , pp. e1006199
    • Hixon, A.M.1    Yu, G.2    Leser, J.S.3
  • 50
    • 85039862472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating treatment efficacy in a mouse model of enterovirus D68 paralytic myelitis
    • Hixon, AM, Clarke, P, Tyler, KL, Evaluating treatment efficacy in a mouse model of enterovirus D68 paralytic myelitis. J Infect Dis 216 (2017), 1245–1253.
    • (2017) J Infect Dis , vol.216 , pp. 1245-1253
    • Hixon, A.M.1    Clarke, P.2    Tyler, K.L.3
  • 51
    • 34848854156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of neurologic enterovirus type 71 disease: a diagnostic challenge
    • Perez-Velez, CM, Anderson, MS, Robinson, CC, et al. Outbreak of neurologic enterovirus type 71 disease: a diagnostic challenge. Clin Infect Dis 45 (2007), 950–957.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 950-957
    • Perez-Velez, C.M.1    Anderson, M.S.2    Robinson, C.C.3
  • 52
    • 0031035451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of poliovirus excretion and its implications for acute flaccid paralysis surveillance: a review of the literature
    • Alexander, JP Jr, Gary, HE Jr, Pallansch, MA, Duration of poliovirus excretion and its implications for acute flaccid paralysis surveillance: a review of the literature. J Infect Dis 175:suppl 1 (1997), S176–S182.
    • (1997) J Infect Dis , vol.175 , pp. S176-S182
    • Alexander, J.P.1    Gary, H.E.2    Pallansch, M.A.3
  • 53
    • 85025135572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68 infection in a cluster of children with acute flaccid myelitis, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2016
    • Ruggieri, V, Paz, MI, Peretti, MG, et al. Enterovirus D68 infection in a cluster of children with acute flaccid myelitis, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2016. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 21 (2017), 884–890.
    • (2017) Eur J Paediatr Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 884-890
    • Ruggieri, V.1    Paz, M.I.2    Peretti, M.G.3
  • 54
    • 84937928353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68 disease and molecular epidemiology in Australia
    • Levy, A, Roberts, J, Lang, J, et al. Enterovirus D68 disease and molecular epidemiology in Australia. J Clin Virol 69 (2015), 117–121.
    • (2015) J Clin Virol , vol.69 , pp. 117-121
    • Levy, A.1    Roberts, J.2    Lang, J.3
  • 55
    • 84957938193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polio-like Illness associated with outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection in children
    • Crone, M, Tellier, R, Wei, XC, et al. Polio-like Illness associated with outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection in children. J Child Neurol 31 (2016), 409–414.
    • (2016) J Child Neurol , vol.31 , pp. 409-414
    • Crone, M.1    Tellier, R.2    Wei, X.C.3
  • 56
    • 33847617976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species D
    • Smura, TP, Junttila, N, Blomqvist, S, et al. Enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species D. J Gen Virol 88 (2007), 849–858.
    • (2007) J Gen Virol , vol.88 , pp. 849-858
    • Smura, T.P.1    Junttila, N.2    Blomqvist, S.3
  • 57
    • 84922019860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid paralysis following enterovirus D68 associated pneumonia, France, 2014
    • Lang, M, Mirand, A, Savy, N, et al. Acute flaccid paralysis following enterovirus D68 associated pneumonia, France, 2014. Euro Surveill, 19, 2014, 20952.
    • (2014) Euro Surveill , vol.19 , pp. 20952
    • Lang, M.1    Mirand, A.2    Savy, N.3
  • 58
    • 85015351441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients infected with enterovirus D68, France, July to December 2014
    • Schuffenecker, I, Mirand, A, Josset, L, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients infected with enterovirus D68, France, July to December 2014. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 30226.
    • (2016) Euro Surveill , vol.21 , pp. 30226
    • Schuffenecker, I.1    Mirand, A.2    Josset, L.3
  • 59
    • 85016622298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68 detection in respiratory specimens: association with severe disease
    • Engelmann, I, Fatoux, M, Lazrek, M, et al. Enterovirus D68 detection in respiratory specimens: association with severe disease. J Med Virol 89 (2017), 1201–1207.
    • (2017) J Med Virol , vol.89 , pp. 1201-1207
    • Engelmann, I.1    Fatoux, M.2    Lazrek, M.3
  • 60
    • 85000460273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe paediatric conditions linked with EV-A71 and EV-D68, France, May to October 2016
    • Antona, D, Kossorotoff, M, Schuffenecker, I, et al. Severe paediatric conditions linked with EV-A71 and EV-D68, France, May to October 2016. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 30402.
    • (2016) Euro Surveill , vol.21 , pp. 30402
    • Antona, D.1    Kossorotoff, M.2    Schuffenecker, I.3
  • 61
    • 85065153536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) associated with enterovirus: a distinct clinical entity?
    • Oster, I, Horneff, G, Stucklin, A, Muller, K, Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) associated with enterovirus: a distinct clinical entity?. Neuropediatrics 48 (2017), S1–S45.
    • (2017) Neuropediatrics , vol.48 , pp. S1-S45
    • Oster, I.1    Horneff, G.2    Stucklin, A.3    Muller, K.4
  • 62
    • 85028746108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis in German children in 2016—the return of polio?
    • Hubner, J, Kruse, B, Christen, HJ, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis in German children in 2016—the return of polio?. Dtsch Arztebl Int 114 (2017), 551–557.
    • (2017) Dtsch Arztebl Int , vol.114 , pp. 551-557
    • Hubner, J.1    Kruse, B.2    Christen, H.J.3
  • 63
    • 85009067227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus-D68 infection in an otherwise healthy child
    • Esposito, S, Chidini, G, Cinnante, C, et al. Acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus-D68 infection in an otherwise healthy child. Virol J, 14, 2017, 4.
    • (2017) Virol J , vol.14 , pp. 4
    • Esposito, S.1    Chidini, G.2    Cinnante, C.3
  • 64
    • 85056501321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68 infections
    • Horikoshi, Y, Enterovirus D68 infections. J Jpn Pediatr Soc 120 (2016), 1330–1337.
    • (2016) J Jpn Pediatr Soc , vol.120 , pp. 1330-1337
    • Horikoshi, Y.1
  • 66
    • 84943201739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrodiagnostic findings in acute flaccid myelitis related to enterovirus D68
    • Hynas Hovden, IA, Pfeiffer, HC, Electrodiagnostic findings in acute flaccid myelitis related to enterovirus D68. Muscle Nerve 52 (2015), 909–910.
    • (2015) Muscle Nerve , vol.52 , pp. 909-910
    • Hynas Hovden, I.A.1    Pfeiffer, H.C.2
  • 67
    • 84925430772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cases of acute severe flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 infection in children, Norway, autumn 2014
    • Pfeiffer, HC, Bragstad, K, Skram, MK, et al. Two cases of acute severe flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 infection in children, Norway, autumn 2014. Euro Surveill, 20, 2015, 21062.
    • (2015) Euro Surveill , vol.20 , pp. 21062
    • Pfeiffer, H.C.1    Bragstad, K.2    Skram, M.K.3
  • 68
    • 85021683284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First cases of severe flaccid paralysis associated with enterovirus D68 infection in spain, 2015–2016
    • Cabrerizo, M, Garcia-Iniguez, JP, Munell, F, et al. First cases of severe flaccid paralysis associated with enterovirus D68 infection in spain, 2015–2016. Pediatr Infect Dis J 36 (2017), 1214–1216.
    • (2017) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.36 , pp. 1214-1216
    • Cabrerizo, M.1    Garcia-Iniguez, J.P.2    Munell, F.3
  • 69
    • 84931562837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling the upper respiratory tract for enteroviral infection is important in the investigation of an acute neurological illness in children
    • Varghese, R, Iyer, A, Hunter, K, Cargill, JS, Cooke, RP, Sampling the upper respiratory tract for enteroviral infection is important in the investigation of an acute neurological illness in children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 19 (2015), 494–495.
    • (2015) Eur J Paediatr Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 494-495
    • Varghese, R.1    Iyer, A.2    Hunter, K.3    Cargill, J.S.4    Cooke, R.P.5
  • 70
    • 85003845680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cluster of atypical adult Guillain-Barre syndrome temporally associated with neurological illness due to EV-D68 in children, South Wales, United Kingdom, October 2015 to January 2016
    • Williams, CJ, Thomas, RH, Pickersgill, TP, et al. Cluster of atypical adult Guillain-Barre syndrome temporally associated with neurological illness due to EV-D68 in children, South Wales, United Kingdom, October 2015 to January 2016. Euro Surveill, 21, 2016, 30119.
    • (2016) Euro Surveill , vol.21 , pp. 30119
    • Williams, C.J.1    Thomas, R.H.2    Pickersgill, T.P.3
  • 71
    • 85056507564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case series of acute flaccid paralysis attributable to enterovirus D68—the beginning of a new epidemic?
    • Pilley, ES, Chin, E, Freeman, J, et al. Case series of acute flaccid paralysis attributable to enterovirus D68—the beginning of a new epidemic?. Dev Med Child Neurol, 59(suppl 1), 2017, 76.
    • (2017) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 76
    • Pilley, E.S.1    Chin, E.2    Freeman, J.3
  • 72
    • 85024476471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute segmental poliomyelitis-like flaccid paralysis in an adult in the UK, associated with enterovirus D68
    • Stacpoole, SRL, Molyneux, A, Baumer, D, Acute segmental poliomyelitis-like flaccid paralysis in an adult in the UK, associated with enterovirus D68. Pract Neurol 17 (2017), 297–301.
    • (2017) Pract Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 297-301
    • Stacpoole, S.R.L.1    Molyneux, A.2    Baumer, D.3
  • 73
    • 85017455888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric acute flaccid paralysis: enterovirus D68-associated anterior myelitis
    • Yoder, JA, Lloyd, M, Zabrocki, L, Auten, J, Pediatric acute flaccid paralysis: enterovirus D68-associated anterior myelitis. J Emerg Med 53 (2017), e19–e23.
    • (2017) J Emerg Med , vol.53 , pp. e19-e23
    • Yoder, J.A.1    Lloyd, M.2    Zabrocki, L.3    Auten, J.4
  • 74
    • 85010573373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO-recommended surveillance standard of poliomyelitis
    • (accessed April 4, 2017).
    • World Health Organization. WHO-recommended surveillance standard of poliomyelitis. http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/, 2017 (accessed April 4, 2017).
    • (2017)
  • 75
    • 84878934419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus shedding after human rhinovirus infection in children, adults and patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia
    • Peltola, V, Waris, M, Kainulainen, L, Kero, J, Ruuskanen, O, Virus shedding after human rhinovirus infection in children, adults and patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 19 (2013), E322–E327.
    • (2013) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.19 , pp. E322-E327
    • Peltola, V.1    Waris, M.2    Kainulainen, L.3    Kero, J.4    Ruuskanen, O.5
  • 76
    • 84942156450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute flaccid paralysis associated with novel enterovirus C105
    • Horner, L, Poulter, M, Brenton, J, Turner, R, Acute flaccid paralysis associated with novel enterovirus C105. Emerg Infect Dis 21 (2015), 1858–1860.
    • (2015) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 1858-1860
    • Horner, L.1    Poulter, M.2    Brenton, J.3    Turner, R.4
  • 77
    • 85023171668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of Colorado children with acute flaccid myelitis at 1 year
    • Martin, JA, Messacar, K, Yang, ML, et al. Outcomes of Colorado children with acute flaccid myelitis at 1 year. Neurology 89 (2017), 129–137.
    • (2017) Neurology , vol.89 , pp. 129-137
    • Martin, J.A.1    Messacar, K.2    Yang, M.L.3
  • 78
    • 0035213565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assays for rapid detection of West Nile and St Louis encephalitis viruses
    • Lanciotti, RS, Kerst, AJ, Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assays for rapid detection of West Nile and St Louis encephalitis viruses. J Clin Microbiol 39 (2001), 4506–4513.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 4506-4513
    • Lanciotti, R.S.1    Kerst, A.J.2
  • 79
    • 0031919130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravitam diagnosis of human rabies by PCR using saliva and cerebrospinal fluid
    • Crepin, P, Audry, L, Rotivel, Y, Gacoin, A, Caroff, C, Bourhy, H, Intravitam diagnosis of human rabies by PCR using saliva and cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 36 (1998), 1117–1121.
    • (1998) J Clin Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 1117-1121
    • Crepin, P.1    Audry, L.2    Rotivel, Y.3    Gacoin, A.4    Caroff, C.5    Bourhy, H.6
  • 80
    • 84957827911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus-D68 in the cerebrospinal fluid of two children with aseptic meningitis
    • Esposito, S, Lunghi, G, Zampiero, A, et al. Enterovirus-D68 in the cerebrospinal fluid of two children with aseptic meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 35 (2016), 589–591.
    • (2016) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.35 , pp. 589-591
    • Esposito, S.1    Lunghi, G.2    Zampiero, A.3
  • 81
    • 84956699023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus D68 receptor requirements unveiled by haploid genetics
    • Baggen, J, Thibaut, HJ, Staring, J, et al. Enterovirus D68 receptor requirements unveiled by haploid genetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113 (2016), 1399–1404.
    • (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.113 , pp. 1399-1404
    • Baggen, J.1    Thibaut, H.J.2    Staring, J.3
  • 82
    • 84863251149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure, expression, and function of ICAM-5
    • Yang, H, Structure, expression, and function of ICAM-5. Comp Funct Genomics, 2012, 2012, 368938.
    • (2012) Comp Funct Genomics , vol.2012 , pp. 368938
    • Yang, H.1
  • 83
    • 3042844141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poliovirus tropism and attenuation are determined after internal ribosome entry
    • Kauder, SE, Racaniello, VR, Poliovirus tropism and attenuation are determined after internal ribosome entry. J Clin Invest 113 (2004), 1743–1753.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.113 , pp. 1743-1753
    • Kauder, S.E.1    Racaniello, V.R.2
  • 84
    • 84922855598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI findings in children with acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction occurring during the 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak
    • Maloney, JA, Mirsky, DM, Messacar, K, Dominguez, SR, Schreiner, T, Stence, NV, MRI findings in children with acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction occurring during the 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36 (2015), 245–250.
    • (2015) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.36 , pp. 245-250
    • Maloney, J.A.1    Mirsky, D.M.2    Messacar, K.3    Dominguez, S.R.4    Schreiner, T.5    Stence, N.V.6
  • 85
    • 85006484875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized case definition for acute flaccid myelitis
    • (accessed Oct 30, 2015).
    • Miller, L, Standardized case definition for acute flaccid myelitis. http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/2015PS/2015PSFinal/15-ID-01.pdf, 2015 (accessed Oct 30, 2015).
    • (2015)
    • Miller, L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.