Chemokines in depression in health and in inflammatory illness: A systematic review and meta-Analysis

Molecular Psychiatry

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 48-58

  Leighton, S P ^a   Nerurkar, L ^b   Krishnadas, R ^b   Johnman, C ^a   Graham, G J ^b   Cavanagh, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE; CXCL4 CHEMOKINE; CXCL7 CHEMOKINE; CXCL9 CHEMOKINE; EOTAXIN; EPITHELIAL DERIVED NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATING FACTOR 78; GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 8; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1BETA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BLOOD LEVEL; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DEPRESSION; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; META ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL DISEASE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; COMPLICATION; FACTUAL DATABASE; METABOLISM; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

CHEMOKINES; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DEPRESSION; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION;

EID: 85040062684     PISSN: 13594184     EISSN: 14765578     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.205     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization Seattle. IHME, University of Washington: WA, 2016 Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare.
2. Caraci F, Copani A, Nicoletti F, Drago F. Depression and Alzheimer's disease: neurobiological links and common pharmacological targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 626: 64-71.
3. Goldsmith DR, Rapaport MH, Miller BJ. A meta-Analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21: 1696-1709.
4. Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim EK et al. A metaanalysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67: 446-457.
5. Dantzer R, OConnor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008; 9: 46-56.
6. Maes M. Evidence for an immune response in major depression: A review and hypothesis. Prog Neuro-psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1995; 19: 11-38.
7. Domenici E, Willé DR, Tozzi F, Prokopenko I, Miller S, McKeown A et al. Plasma protein biomarkers for depression and schizophrenia by multi analyte profiling of case-control collections. PLoS ONE 2010; 5: e9166.
8. Young JJ, Silber T, Bruno D, Galatzer-Levy IR, Pomara N, Marmar CR. Is there progress? An overview of selecting biomarker candidates for major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7: 72.
9. Strawbridge R, Arnone D, Danese A, Papadopoulos A, Herane Vives A, Cleare AJ. Inflammation and clinical response to treatment in depression: A meta-Analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25: 1532-1543.
10. Bhattacharya A, Derecki NC, Lovenberg TW, Drevets WC. Role of neuroimmunological factors in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Psychopharmacology 2016; 233: 1623-1636.
11. Stuart MJ, Singhal G, Baune BT. Systematic review of the neurobiological relevance of chemokines to psychiatric disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9: 357.
12. D' Mello C, Le T, Swain MG. Cerebral microglia recruit monocytes into the brain in response to tumor necrosis factorα signaling during peripheral organ inflammation. J Neurosci 2009; 29: 2089.
13. Wohleb ES, Franklin T, Iwata M, Duman RS. Integrating neuroimmune systems in the neurobiology of depression. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17: 497-511.
14. Hawrylycz MJ, Lein ES, Guillozet-Bongaarts AL, Shen EH, Ng L, Miller JA et al. An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome. Nature 2012; 489: 391-399.
15. Marciniak E, Faivre E, Dutar P, Alves Pires C, Demeyer D, Caillierez R et al. The Chemokine MIP-1α/CCL3 impairs mouse hippocampal synaptic transmission, plasticity and memory. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 15862.
16. Blank T, Detje Claudia N, Spieß A, Hagemeyer N, Brendecke Stefanie M, Wolfart J et al. Brain endothelial-And epithelial-specific interferon receptor chain 1 drives virus-induced sickness behavior and cognitive impairment. Immunity 2016; 44: 901-912.
17. Cazareth J, Guyon A, Heurteaux C, Chabry J, Petit-Paitel A. Molecular and cellular neuroinflammatory status of mouse brain after systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge: importance of CCR2/CCL2 signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11: 132.
18. Melik-Parsadaniantz S, Rostene W. Chemokines and neuromodulation. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 198: 62-68.
19. Rostene W, Kitabgi P, Parsadaniantz SM. Chemokines: A new class of neuromodulator? Nat Rev Neurosci 2007; 8: 895-903.
20. Callewaere C, Banisadr G, Rostene W, Melik-Parsadaniantz S. Chemokines and chemokine receptors in the brain: implication in neuroendocrine regulation. J Mol Endocrinol 2007; 38: 355-363.
21. Rostene W, Guyon A, Kular L, Godefroy D, Barbieri F, Bajetto A et al. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: new actors in neuroendocrine regulations. Front Neuroendocrinol 2011; 32: 10-24.
22. Li M, Ransohoff RM. Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12in the central nervous system: A migration from immunology to neurobiology. Prog Neurobiol 2008; 84: 116-131.
23. Miller RJ, Rostene W, Apartis E, Banisadr G, Biber K, Milligan ED et al. Chemokine action in the nervous system. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 11792-11795.
24. Williams JL, Holman DW, Klein RS. Chemokines in the balance: maintenance of homeostasis and protection at CNS barriers. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8: 154.
25. Cardona AE, Pioro EP, Sasse ME, Kostenko V, Cardona SM, Dijkstra IM et al. Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9: 917-924.
26. Delgado PL. Depression: The case for a monoamine deficiency. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 7-11.
27. Hirschfeld RMA. History and evolution of the monoamine hypothesis of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 4-6.
28. Pariante CM, Lightman SL. The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments. Trends Neurosci 2008; 31: 464-468.
29. Schoenfeld TJ, Cameron HA. Adult neurogenesis and mental illness. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40: 113-128.
30. Eyre HA, Air T, Pradhan A, Johnston J, Lavretsky H, Stuart MJ et al. A metaanalysis of chemokines in major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 68: 1-8.
31. Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14: 135.
32. Mitchell M Engauge Digitizer Version 7.2. Torrance, California:GNU General Public License Version 2, 2014.
33. Review Manager. Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
34. Fontenelle LF, Barbosa IG, Luna JV, de Sousa LP, Abreu MNS, Teixeira AL. A cytokine study of adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53: 797-804.
35. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2013. URL http://www.R-project.org/.
36. Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-Analyses in R with the metafor package. 2010. 2010; 36: 48.
37. Fried EI, Kievit RA. The volumes of subcortical regions in depressed and healthy individuals are strikingly similar: A reinterpretation of the results by Schmaal et al. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21: 724-725.
38. Hall M, Frank E, Holmes G, Pfahringer B, Reutemann P, Witten IH. The WEKA data mining software: An update. SIGKDD Explor Newsl 2009; 11: 10-18.
39. Bai Y-M, Chiou W-F, Su T-P, Li C-T, Chen M-H. Pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with somatic and pain symptoms in depression. J Affect Disord 2014; 155: 28-34.
40. Bai Y-M, Su T-P, Li C-T, Tsai S-J, Chen M-H, Tu P-C et al. Comparison of proinflammatory cytokines among patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression and normal controls. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17: 269-277.
41. Bazzichi L, Rossi A, Massimetti G, Giannaccini G, Giuliano T, De Feo F et al. Cytokine patterns in fibromyalgia and their correlation with clinical manifestations. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2007; 25: 225-230.
42. Blasko I, Lederer W, Oberbauer H, Walch T, Kemmler G, Hinterhuber H et al. Measurement of thirteen biological markers in CSF of patients with alzheimers disease and other dementias. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2006; 21: 9-15.
43. Byrne ML, OBrien-Simpson NM, Reynolds EC, Walsh KA, Laughton K, Waloszek JM et al. Acute phase protein and cytokine levels in serum and saliva: A comparison of detectable levels and correlations in a depressed and healthy adolescent sample. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 34: 164-175.
44. Cizza G, Marques AH, Eskandari F, Christie IC, Torvik S, Silverman MN et al. Elevated neuroimmune biomarkers in sweat patches and plasma of premenopausal women with major depressive disorder in remission: The POWER Study. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64: 907-911.
45. Corwin EJ, Pajer K, Paul S, Lowe N, Weber M, McCarthy DO. Bidirectional psychoneuroimmune interactions in the early postpartum period influence risk of postpartum depression. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49: 86-93.
46. Dahl J, Ormstad H, Aass HCD, Malt UF, Bendz LT, Sandvik L et al. The plasma levels of various cytokines are increased during ongoing depression and are reduced to normal levels after recovery. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 45: 77-86.
47. Daniele A, Divella R, Abbate I, Giotta F, Trerotoli P, Mautino A et al. Coexistence of an imbalance of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors serum levels and symptoms of fatigue and pain in long-Term breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (15 Suppl); doi: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15.
48. Dantoft TM, Elberling J, Brix S, Szecsi PB, Vesterhauge S, Skovbjerg S. An elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in multiple chemical sensitivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 40: 140-150.
49. Dekker RL, Moser DK, Tovar EG, Chung ML, Heo S, Wu JR et al. Depressive symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2014; 13: 444-450.
50. Dong T, Zhao X, Yang Z(eds)Concept and approach of human signal-molecularprofiling database: A pilot study on depression using Lab-on-chips. 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC); 3-7 July 2013.
51. Einvik G, Vistnes M, Hrubos-Strøm H, Randby A, Namtvedt SK, Nordhus IH et al. Circulating cytokine concentrations are not associated with major depressive disorder in a community-based cohort. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012; 34: 262-267.
52. Eller T, Vasar V, Shlik J, Maron E. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and treatment response to escitaloprsam in major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32: 445-450.
53. García-Lozano J-R, Capilla-Sevilla C, García-López O, Moreno-Gallego I. Correlation between cytokines and anxious-depressive symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. Reumatol Clín 2008; 4: 136-139.
54. Gehi A, Musselman D, Otte C, Bruce Royster E, Ali S, Whooley MA. Depression and platelet activation in outpatients with stable coronary heart disease: findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychiatry Res 2010; 175: 200-204.
55. Grassi-Oliveira R, Brieztke E, Teixeira A, Pezzi JC, Zanini M, Lopes RP et al. Peripheral chemokine levels in women with recurrent major depression with suicidal ideation. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2012; 34: 71-75.
56. Gur A, Karakoc M, Nas K, Remzi, Cevik, Denli A et al. Cytokines and depression in cases with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 358-361.
57. Halaris A, Myint A-M, Savant V, Meresh E, Lim E, Guillemin G et al. Does escitalopram reduce neurotoxicity in major depression? J Psychiatr Res 2015; 66-67: 118-126.
58. Hallberg L, Janelidze S, Engstrom G, Wisén AGM, Westrin A, Brundin L. Exerciseinduced release of cytokines in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2010; 126: 262-267.
59. Ho P-S, Yeh Y-W, Huang S-Y, Liang C-S. A shift toward T helper 2 responses and an increase in modulators of innate immunity in depressed patients treated with escitalopram. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 53: 246-255.
60. Hocaoglu C, Kural B, Aliyazicioglu R, Deger O, Cengiz S. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α and its relationship with lipid parameters in patients with major depression. Metabolic Brain Dis 2012; 27: 425-430.
61. Höfner K, Kandler C, Koudouovoh-Tripp P, Egeter J, Hochstrasser T, Stemer B et al. Bioprofiling of platelets in medicated patients with depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 172: 81-88.
62. Janelidze S, Suchankova P, Ekman A, Erhardt S, Sellgren C, Samuelsson M et al. Low IL-8 is associated with anxiety in suicidal patients: genetic variation and decreased protein levels. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131: 269-278.
63. Janelidze S, Ventorp F, Erhardt S, Hansson O, Minthon L, Flax J et al. Altered chemokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of suicide attempters. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38: 853-862.
64. Jonsdottir IH, Hägg DA, Glise K, Ekman R. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and growth factors called into question as markers of prolonged psychosocial stress. PLoS ONE 2009; 4: e7659.
65. Juengst SB, Kumar RG, Failla MD, Goyal A, Wagner AK. Acute inflammatory biomarker profiles predict depression risk following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2015; 30: 207-218.
66. Kahl KG, Bens S, Ziegler K, Rudolf S, Kordon A, Dibbelt L et al. Angiogenic factors in patients with current major depressive disorder comorbid with borderline personality disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34: 353-357.
67. Karege F, Bondolfi G, Gervasoni N, Schwald M, Aubry J-M, Bertschy G. Low brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in serum of depressed patients probably results from lowered platelet BDNF release unrelated to platelet reactivity. Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 57: 1068-1072.
68. Kelly JR. Gut microbiome alterations in major depressive disorder: relevance to pathophysiology. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25((Suppl 2)): S456.
69. Kern S, Skoog I, Börjesson-Hanson A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Östling S et al. Higher CSF interleukin-6 and CSF interleukin-8 in current depression in older women. Results from a population-based sample. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 41: 55-58.
70. Kudoh A, Katagai H, Takazawa T. Plasma inflammatory cytokine response to surgical trauma in chronic depressed patients. Cytokine 2001; 13: 104-108.
71. Laake J-PS, Stahl D, Amiel SA, Petrak F, Sherwood RA, Pickup JC et al. The association between depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes: findings from the South London Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 2186v.
72. Laghrissi-Thode F, Wagner WR, Pollock BG, Johnson PC, Finkel MS. Elevated platelet factor 4 and β-Thromboglobulin plasma levels in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 42: 290-295.
73. Lebedeva N, Barbarash OL, Ardashova N. Role of inflammatory and sympathetic activation in anxiety and depression interaction with myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2014; 35: 488; http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu323.
74. Lee KS, Chung JH, Lee KH, Shin M-J, Oh BH, Lee SH et al. Simultaneous measurement of 23 plasma cytokines in late-life depression. Neurol Sci 2009; 30: 435-438.
75. Lehto SM, Niskanen L, Herzig K-H, Tolmunen T, Huotari A, Viinamäki H et al. Serum chemokine levels in major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35: 226-232.
76. Lindqvist D, Janelidze S, Erhardt S, Träskman-Bendz L, Engström G, Brundin L. CSF biomarkers in suicide attempters-A principal component analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2011; 124: 52-61.
77. Lindqvist D, Janelidze S, Hagell P, Erhardt S, Samuelsson M, Minthon L et al. Interleukin-6 is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of suicide attempters and related to symptom severity. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 66: 287-292.
78. Lu S, Peng H, Wang L, Vasish S, Zhang Y, Gao W et al. Elevated specific peripheral cytokines found in major depressive disorder patients with childhood trauma exposure: A cytokine antibody array analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54: 953-961.
79. Mantur M, Tomczak AA, Chrzanowski W, Juchnowicz D, Borowiec M. SP-selectin and beta-TG as serum markers of platelet activation in menopausal women with depression. Polski Merkur Lekarski 2006; 20: 682-684.
80. Marksteiner J, Kemmler G, Weiss EM, Knaus G, Ullrich C, Mechtcheriakov S et al. Five out of 16 plasma signaling proteins are enhanced in plasma of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32: 539-540.
81. Mikova O, Yakimova R, Bosmans E, Kenis G, Maes M. Increased serum tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations in major depression and multiple sclerosis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 11: 203-208.
82. Miller GE, Stetler CA, Carney RM, Freedland KE, Banks WA. Clinical depression and inflammatory risk markers for coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 1279-1283.
83. Motivala SJ, Sarfatti A, Olmos L, Irwin MR. Inflammatory markers and sleep disturbance in major depression. Psychosom Med 2005; 67: 187-194.
84. Musselman DL, Marzec U, Davidoff M, Manatunga AK, Gao F, Reemsnyder A et al. Platelet activation and secretion in patients with major depression, thoracic aortic atherosclerosis, or renal dialysis treatment. Depress Anxiety 2002; 15: 91-101.
85. Neupane SP, Lien L, Martinez P, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Mollnes TE et al. Alteration of circulatory cytokine levels in alcohol-use disorder patients with or without comorbid major depression. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 146: e50.
86. OBrien SM, Scully P, Fitzgerald P, Scott LV, Dinan TG. Plasma cytokine profiles in depressed patients who fail to respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy. J Psychiatr Res 2007; 41: 326-331.
87. Oglodek EA, Szota A, Just MJ, Moś D, Araszkiewicz A. Comparison of chemokines (CCL-5 and SDF-1), chemokine receptors (CCR-5 and CXCR-4) and IL-6 levels in patients with different severities of depression. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66: 920-926.
88. Piletz JE, Halaris A, Iqbal O, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Zhu H et al. Proinflammatory biomakers in depression: Treatment with venlafaxine. World J Biol Psychiatry 2009; 10: 313-323.
89. Pisetsky DS, Trace SE, Brownley KA, Hamer RM, Zucker NL, Roux-Lombard P et al. The expression of cytokines and chemokines in the blood of patients with severe weight loss from anorexia nervosa: An exploratory study. Cytokine 2014; 69: 110-115.
90. Plourde A, Lavoie KL, Ring C, Carroll D, Bacon SL. The association between depression and psychological stress reactivity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Psychosom Med 2011; 73: A49-A.
91. Podlipny J, Hess Z, Vrzalova J, Rosolova H, Beran J, Petrlova B. Lower serum levels of interleukin-6 in a population sample with symptoms of depression than in a population sample without symptoms of depression. Physiol Res 2010; 59: 121-126.
92. Pomara N, Bruno D, Reichert C, Nierenberg J, Sidtis JJ, Martiniuk FT et al. Chemokine-specific relationships to ad biomarkers in CSF in healthy older adults. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38: S164-S.
93. Pomara N, Nierenberg J, Sidtis J, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Cerebrospinal fluid chemokine levels in healthy older adults: relationship to beta-Amyloid and tau indices. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 1: P232; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.442.
94. Rajagopalan S, Brook R, Rubenfire M, Pitt E, Young E, Pitt B. Abnormal brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation in young adults with major depression. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 196-198.
95. Rybka J, Czajkowska-Malinowska M, Nowak M, Kupczyk D, Kedziora-Kornatowska K, Piskunowicz M et al. Inflammation as a hypothetic mechanisms underlying depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Psychiatry 2012; 27((Suppl 1)): 1.
96. Schins A, Hamulyák K, Scharpé S, Lousberg R, Van Melle J, Crijns H et al. Whole blood serotonin and platelet activation in depressed post-myocardial infarction patients. Life Sci 2004; 76: 637-650.
97. Serebruany VL, Glassman AH, Malinin AI, Sane DC, Finkel MS, Krishnan RR et al. Enhanced platelet/endothelial activation in depressed patients with acute coronary syndromes: evidence from recent clinical trials. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003; 14: 563-567.
98. Shelton RC, Falola M, Li L, Zajecka J, Fava M, Papakostas GI. The proinflammatory profile of depressed patients is (partly) related to obesity. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 70: 91-97.
99. Simon NM, McNamara K, Chow CW, Maser RS, Papakostas GI, Pollack MH et al. A detailed examination of cytokine abnormalities in major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2008; 18: 230-233.
100. Song C, Lin A, Bonaccorso S, Heide C, Verkerk R, Kenis G et al. The inflammatory response system and the availability of plasma tryptophan in patients with primary sleep disorders and major depression. J Affect Disord 1998; 49: 211-219.
101. Sutcigil L, Oktenli C, Musabak U, Bozkurt A, Cansever A, Uzun O et al. Pro-And anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in major depression: effect of sertraline therapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2007; 2007.
102. Tajfard M, Latiff LA, Rahimi HR, Mouhebati M, Esmaeily H, Taghipour A et al. Serum inflammatory cytokines and depression in coronary artery disease. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16: e17111.
103. van Sloten TT, Schram MT, Adriaanse MC, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Teerlink T et al. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with a greater depressive symptom score in a general elderly population: The Hoorn Study. Psychol Med 2014; 44: 1403-1416.
104. Weng SH, Wang GH, Zhang L. Relationship between serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region and the plasma level of the platelet factor 4 in young patients with depression. [Chinese]. Chin J Clin Rehabilit 2004; 8: 3518-9v.
105. Whyte EM, Pollock BG, Wagner WR, Mulsant BH, Ferrell RE, Mazumdar S et al. Influence of serotonin-Transporter-linked promoter region polymorphism on platelet activation in geriatric depression. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 2074-2076.
106. Wong ML, Dong C, Maestre-Mesa J, Licinio J. Polymorphisms in inflammationrelated genes are associated with susceptibility to major depression and antidepressant response. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13: 800-812.
107. Xiong GL, Prybol K, Boyle SH, Hall R, Streilein RD, Steffens DC et al. Inflammation markers and major depressive disorder in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the Sertraline Against Depression and Heart Disease in Chronic Heart Failure Study. Psychosom Med 2015; 77: 808-815.
108. Zahn D, Petrak F, Franke L, Hagele AK, Juckel G, Lederbogen F et al. Cortisol, platelet serotonin content, and platelet activity in patients with major depression and type 2 diabetes: An exploratory investigation. Psychosom Med 2015; 77: 145-155.
109. Zhen Y, Chu C, Zhou S, Qi M, Shu R. Imbalance of tumor necrosis factor-Alpha, interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 production evokes barrier dysfunction, severe abdominal symptoms and psychological disorders in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-Associated diarrhea. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12: 5239-5245.
110. Rostene W, Dansereau MA, Godefroy D, Van Steenwinckel J, Reaux-Le Goazigo A, Melik-Parsadaniantz S et al. Neurochemokines: A menage a trois providing new insights on the functions of chemokines in the central nervous system. J Neurochem 2011; 118: 680-694.
111. Jaerve A, Muller HW. Chemokines in CNS injury and repair. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349: 229-248.
112. Köhler CA, Freitas TH, Maes M, de Andrade NQ, Liu CS, Fernandes BS et al. Peripheral cytokine and chemokine alterations in depression: A meta-Analysis of 82 studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 135: 373-387.
113. Shen Y, Lu P, Wei L, Cai L, Hu X, Chen W. Fluoxetine treatment for major depression decreases the plasma levels of cytokines. Afr J Biotechnol 2010; 9: 7346-7351.
114. Mulrow CD, Williams JW Jr., Gerety MB, Ramirez G, Montiel OM, Kerber C. Casefinding instruments for depression in primary care settings. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 913-921.
115. Torres-Platas SG, Cruceanu C, Chen GG, Turecki G, Mechawar N. Evidence for increased microglial priming and macrophage recruitment in the dorsal anterior cingulate white matter of depressed suicides. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42: 50-59.
116. Pantazatos SP, Huang YY, Rosoklija GB, Dwork AJ, Arango V, Mann JJ. Wholetranscriptome brain expression and exon-usage profiling in major depression and suicide: evidence for altered glial, endothelial and ATPase activity. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 22: 760-773.
117. Isung J, Aeinehband S, Mobarrez F, Martensson B, Nordstrom P, Asberg M et al. Low vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 in cerebrospinal fluid of suicide attempters. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2: e196.
118. Ducasse D, Olie E, Guillaume S, Artero S, Courtet P. A meta-Analysis of cytokines in suicidal behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46: 203-211.
119. Black C, Miller BJ. Meta-Analysis of cytokines and chemokines in suicidality: distinguishing suicidal versus nonsuicidal patients. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78: 28-37.