Comparative analysis of lysyl oxidase (like) family members in pulmonary fibrosis

Scientific Reports

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2017, Pages

  Aumiller, Verena ^a   Strobel, Benjamin ^a   Romeike, Merrit ^a   Schuler, Michael ^a   Stierstorfer, Birgit E ^a   Kreuz, Sebastian ^a  

^a BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMA GMBH AND CO KG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLEOMYCIN; OXIDOREDUCTASE; PROTEIN LYSINE 6 OXIDASE;

ANIMAL; CELL LINE; CELL TRANSDIFFERENTIATION; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYTOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; FIBROBLAST; HUMAN; LUNG FIBROSIS; MALE; METABOLISM; MOUSE; MULTIGENE FAMILY; MYOFIBROBLAST;

AMINO ACID OXIDOREDUCTASES; ANIMALS; BLEOMYCIN; CELL LINE; CELL TRANSDIFFERENTIATION; FIBROBLASTS; HUMANS; MALE; MICE; MULTIGENE FAMILY; MYOFIBROBLASTS; PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; PULMONARY FIBROSIS;

EID: 85030654837     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00270-0     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Wynn, T. A. Integrating mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. J. Exp. Med. 208, 1339-1350 (2011).
2. Fernandez, I. E. & Eickelberg, O. New cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung injury and fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet 380, 680-688 (2012).
3. Shimbori, C., Gauldie, J. & Kolb, M. Extracellular matrix microenvironment contributes actively to pulmonary fibrosis. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 19, 446-452 (2013).
4. Bonnans, C., Chou, J. & Werb, Z. Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 15, 786-801 (2014).
5. Booth, A. J. et al. Acellular normal and fibrotic human lung matrices as a culture system for in vitro investigation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 186, 866-876 (2012).
6. Parker, M. W. et al. Fibrotic extracellular matrix activates a profibrotic positive feedback loop. J. Clin. Invest. 124, 1622-1635 (2014).
7. Hinz, B. et al. Recent developments in myofibroblast biology: paradigms for connective tissue remodeling. Am. J. Pathol. 180, 1340-1355 (2012).
8. Raghu, G., Masta, S., Meyers, D. & Narayanan, A. S. Collagen synthesis by normal and fibrotic human lung fibroblasts and the effect of transforming growth factor-beta. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140, 95-100 (1989).
9. Yamauchi, M. & Sricholpech, M. Lysine post-translational modifications of collagen. Essays Biochem. 52, 113-133 (2012).
10. Finney, J., Moon, H.-J., Ronnebaum, T., Lantz, M. & Mure, M. Human copper-dependent amine oxidases. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 546, 19-32 (2014).
11. Xiao, Q. & Ge, G. Lysyl oxidase, extracellular matrix remodeling and cancer metastasis. Cancer Microenviron. Off. J. Int. Cancer Microenviron. Soc. 5, 261-273 (2012).
12. Nishioka, T., Eustace, A. & West, C. Lysyl oxidase: from basic science to future cancer treatment. Cell Struct. Funct. 37, 75-80 (2012).
13. Rodríguez, C., Rodríguez-Sinovas, A. & Martínez-González, J. Lysyl oxidase as a potential therapeutic target. Drug News Perspect. 21, 218-224 (2008).
14. Iturbide, A., de Herreros, A. G. & Peiró, S. A new role for LOX and LOXL2 proteins in transcription regulation. FEBS J., doi:10.1111/febs.12961 (2014).
15. Canesin, G. et al. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) and E47 EMT factor: novel partners in E-cadherin repression and early metastasis colonization. Oncogene 0 (2014).
16. Moon, H.-J. et al. MCF-7 cells expressing nuclear associated lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) exhibit an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and are highly invasive in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 288, 30000-30008 (2013).
17. Millanes-Romero, A. et al. Regulation of heterochromatin transcription by Snail1/LOXL2 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol. Cell 52, 746-757 (2013).
18. Martin, A. et al. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 represses Notch1 expression in the skin to promote squamous cell carcinoma progression. EMBO J. 34, 1090-1109 (2015).
19. Barry-Hamilton, V. et al. Allosteric inhibition of lysyl oxidase-like-2 impedes the development of a pathologic microenvironment. Nat. Med. 16, 1009-1017 (2010).
20. Chien, J. W. et al. Serum lysyl oxidase-like 2 levels and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease progression. Eur. Respir. J. 43, 1430-1438 (2014).
21. Rimar, D. et al. Brief Report: Lysyl Oxidase Is a Potential Biomarker of Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 726-730 (2014).
22. Raghu, G. et al. Efficacy of simtuzumab versus placebo in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 5, 22-32 (2017).
23. Barker, H. E., Bird, D., Lang, G. & Erler, J. T. Tumor-secreted LOXL2 activates fibroblasts through FAK signaling. Mol. Cancer Res. MCR 11, 1425-1436 (2013).
24. Wang, S. X. et al. A crosslinked cofactor in lysyl oxidase: redox function for amino acid side chains. Science 273, 1078-1084 (1996).
25. Busnadiego, O. et al. LOXL4 is induced by transforming growth factor β1 through Smad and JunB/Fra2 and contributes to vascular matrix remodeling. Mol. Cell. Biol. 33, 2388-2401 (2013).
26. Schietke, R. et al. The lysyl oxidases LOX and LOXL2 are necessary and sufficient to repress E-cadherin in hypoxia: insights into cellular transformation processes mediated by HIF-1. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 6658-6669 (2010).
27. Strobel, B. et al. Modeling Pulmonary Disease Pathways Using Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 6.2. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 53, 291-302 (2015).
28. Chambers, R. C. & Mercer, P. F. Mechanisms of alveolar epithelial injury, repair, and fibrosis. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 12 Suppl 1, S16-20 (2015).
29. Selman, M. & Pardo, A. Role of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from innocent targets to serial killers. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc 3, 364-372 (2006).
30. Kasashima, H. et al. Lysyl oxidase is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells in hypoxia. Gastric Cancer Off. J. Int. Gastric Cancer Assoc. Jpn. Gastric Cancer Assoc., doi:10.1007/s10120-015-0510-3 (2015).
31. Waisberg, D. R., Parra, E. R., Barbas-Filho, J. V., Fernezlian, S. & Capelozzi, V. L. Increased fibroblast telomerase expression precedes myofibroblast a-smooth muscle actin expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clin. São Paulo Braz. 67, 1039-1046 (2012).
32. Peinado, H. et al. A molecular role for lysyl oxidase-like 2 enzyme in snail regulation and tumor progression. EMBO J. 24, 3446-3458 (2005).
33. Cuevas, E. P. et al. LOXL2 catalytically inactive mutants mediate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Biol. Open 3, 129-137 (2014).
34. Kraft-Sheleg, O. et al. Localized LoxL3-Dependent Fibronectin Oxidation Regulates Myofiber Stretch and Integrin-Mediated Adhesion. Dev. Cell 36, 550-561 (2016).
35. Cheng, T. et al. Lysyl oxidase promotes bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through modulating inflammation. J. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 506-515 (2014).
36. Mäki, J. M. et al. Inactivation of the lysyl oxidase gene Lox leads to aortic aneurysms, cardiovascular dysfunction, and perinatal death in mice. Circulation 106, 2503-2509 (2002).
37. Mäki, J. M. et al. Lysyl oxidase is essential for normal development and function of the respiratory system and for the integrity of elastic and collagen fibers in various tissues. Am. J. Pathol. 167, 927-936 (2005).
38. Zhang, J. et al. Loss of lysyl oxidase-like 3 causes cleft palate and spinal deformity in mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 24, 6174-6185 (2015).
39. Schmittgen, T. D. & Livak, K. J. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C (T) method. Nat. Protoc. 3, 1101-1108 (2008).