Fractionating Executive Functions of Adults With ADHD

Journal of Attention Disorders

Volumn 21, Issue 11, 2017, Pages 944-955

  Bueno, Viviane Freire ^a   da Silva, Maria Aparecida ^b   Alves, Tânia Maria ^b   Louzã, Mario Rodrigues ^b   Pompéia, Sabine ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

ADHD; adult; executive function; inhibition; task switching

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; DEPRESSION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMPULSIVENESS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); INTELLIGENCE TEST; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; ANXIETY; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; DEPRESSION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); INTELLIGENCE TESTS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 85027589129     PISSN: 10870547     EISSN: 15571246     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1087054714545537     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Adler L. A., Zimmerman B., Starr H. L., Silber S., Palumbo J., Orman C., Spencer T., (2009). Efficacy and safety of OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, dose-escalation study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29, 239-247.
2. Advokat C., (2010). What are the cognitive effects of stimulant medications? Emphasis on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34, 1256-1266.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
4. Andrade L., Gorenstein C., Vieira Filho A. H., Tung T. C., Artes R., (2001). Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory applied to college students, factor analysis and relation to the Beck Depression Inventory. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 34, 367-374.
5. Armstrong I. T., Munoz D. P., (2003). Attentional blink in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder influence of eye movements. Experimental Brain Research, 152, 243-250.
6. Asherson P., Manor P., Huss M., (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: Update on clinical presentation and care. Neuropsychiatry, 4, 109-126.
7. Baddeley A., (1992). Working memory. Science, 255(5044), 556-559.
8. Baddeley A., Della Sala S., Gray C., Papagno C., Spinnler H., (1997). Testing central executive functioning with a pencil-and-paper test. In Rabbitt P. M., (Ed.), Methodology of frontal and executive function (pp. 61-80). Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9. Barkley R. A., (1997a). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In Mash E. J., Terdal L. G., (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (pp. 71-129). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
10. Barkley R. A., (1997b). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.
11. Barkley R. A., (2000). Genetics of childhood disorders: XVII. ADHD, part 1: The executive functions and ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1064-1068.
12. Barkley R. A., (2002). Major life activity and health outcomes associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(Suppl. 12), 10-15.
13. Beck A. T., Steer R. A., Garbin M. G., (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100.
14. Beck A. T., Ward C. H., Mendelson M., Mock J., Erbaugh G., (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 53-63.
15. Bekker E. M., Overtoom C. C. E., Kooij J. J. S., Buitelaar J. K., Verbaten M. N., Kenemans J. L., (2005). Disentangling deficits in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 1129-1136.
16. Biaggio A. M. B., Spielberger C. D., (1980). Manual do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado: IDATE [Manual of the state-trait inventory: IDATE]. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: CEPA.
17. Biederman J., Petty C. R., Fried R., Black S., Faneuil A., Doyle A. E...Faraone S. V., (2008). Discordance between psychometric testing and questionnaire-based definitions of executive function deficits in individuals with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12, 92-102.
18. Boonstra A. M., Kooij J. J., Sergeant J. A., Buitelaar J. K., (2010). To act or not to act, that’s the problem: Primarily inhibition difficulties in adult ADHD. Neuropsychology, 24, 209-221.
19. Boonstra A. M., Oosterlaan J., Sergeant J. A., Buitelaar J. K., (2005). Does methylphenidate improve inhibition and other cognitive abilities in adults with childhood-onset ADHD? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 27, 278-298.
20. Borges J. G., Ginani G. E., Hachul H., Cintra F. D., Tufik S., Pompéia S., (2013). Executive functioning in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients without comorbidities: Focus on the fractionation of executive functions. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 35, 1094-1107.
21. Brams M., Moon E., Pucci M., López F. A., (2010). Duration of effect of oral long-acting stimulant medications for ADHD throughout the day. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 26, 1809-1825.
22. Brown T. E., (2009). ADD/ADHD and impaired executive function in clinical practice. Current Attention Disorder Reports, 1, 37-41.
23. Campos F., (2003). Teste das Matrizes Progressivas—Escala Geral [Raven’s progressive matrices—General Scale]. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: CEPA.
24. Coghill D., Banaschewski T., Zuddas A., Pelaz A., Gagliano A., Doepfne M., (2013). Long-acting methylphenidate formulations in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review of head-to-head studies. BMC Psychiatry, 13, Article 237.
25. Cunha J. A., (2001). Manual da versão em português das Escalas Beck [Manual of the Portuguese version of the Beck Scales]. São Paulo, Brazil: Casa do Psicólogo.
26. Della Sala S., Cocchini G., Logie R. H., MacPherson S. E., (2010). Dual task during encoding, maintenance and retrieval in Alzheimer disease and healthy ageing. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 19, 503-515.
27. Dige N., Maahr E., Backenro-Ohsako G., (2008). Memory tests in subgroups of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reveals simultaneous capacity deficit. International Journal of Neuroscience, 118, 569-591.
28. Faraone S. V., Biederman J., Spencer T., Wilens T., Seidman L. J., Mick E., Doyle A. E., (2000). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: An overview. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 9-20.
29. Fisk J. E., Sharp C. A., (2004). Age-related impairment in executive functioning: Updating, inhibition, shifting, and access. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 7, 874-890.
30. Friedman N. P., Miyake A., (2004). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: A latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 101-135.
31. Friedman N. P., Miyake A., Young S. E., Defries J. C., Corley R. P., Hewitt J. K., (2008). Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 201-225.
32. Gawrilow C., Merkt J., Goossens–Merkt H., Bodenburg S., Wendt M., (2011). Multitasking in adults with ADHD. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 3, 253-264.
33. Ginani G. E., Tufik S., Bueno O. F., Pradella-Hallinan M., Rusted J., Pompéia S., (2011). Acute effects of donepezil in healthy young adults underline the fractionation of executive functioning. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25, 1508-1516.
34. Greydanus D. E., Pratt H. D., Patel D. R., (2007). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: The child, adolescent, and adult. Disease a Month, 53, 70-131.
35. Gualtieri C. T., Wargin W., Kanoy R., Patrick K., Shen C. D., Young-Blood W...Breese G. R., (1982). Clinical studies of methylphenidate serum levels in children and adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 19-26.
36. Halleland H. B., Haavik J., Lundervold A. J., (2012). Set-shifting in adults with ADHD. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18, 728-737.
37. Hazell P., (2011). The challenges to demonstrating long-term effects of psychostimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24, 286-290.
38. Hedges L., (1981). Distribution theory for Glass’s estimator of effect size and related estimators. Journal of Educational Statistics, 6, 107-128.
39. Heinrich H., Hoegl T., Moll G. H., Kratz O., (2014). A bimodal neurophysiological study of motor control in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A step towards core mechanisms? Brain, 137(Pt. 4), 1156-1166.
40. Hervey A. S., Epstein J. N., Curry J. F., (2004). Neuropsychology of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 18, 485-503.
41. Ho A. K., Sahakian B. J., Robbins T. W., Barker R. A., Rosser A. E., Hodges J. R., (2002). Verbal fluency in Huntington’s disease: A longitudinal analysis of phonemic and semantic clustering and switching. Neuropsychologia, 40, 1277-1284.
42. Huang Y. S., Wang L. J., Chen C. K., (2012). Long-term neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, even at drug-free status. BMC Psychiatry, 12, Article 194.
43. Kessler R. C., Adler L., Ames M., Demler O., Faraone S., Hiripi E...Walters E. E., (2005). The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Psychological Medicine, 35, 245-256.
44. Kessler R. C., Adler L., Barkley R., Biederman J., Conners C. K., Demler O...Zaslavsky A. M., (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 716-723.
45. King J. A., Colla M., Brass M., Heuser I., Von Cramon D. Y., (2007). Inefficient cognitive control in adult ADHD: Evidence from trial-by-trial Stroop test and cued task switching performance. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3, Article 42.
46. Kramer J. H., Quitania L., Dean D., Neuhaus J., Rosen H. J., Halabi C...Miller B. L., (2007). Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of set shifting. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 386-392.
47. Lezak M. D., Howieson D. B., Loring D. W., (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
48. Logie R. H., Cocchini G., Della Sala S., Baddeley A. D., (2004). Is there a specific executive capacity for dual task co-ordination? Evidence from Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology, 18, 504-513.
49. MacLaren V. V., Taukulis H. K., Best L. A., (2007). Inhibition in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Event-related potentials in the stop task. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 32, 155-162.
50. Marchetta N. D. J., Hurks P. P. M., Krabbendam L., Jolles J., (2008). Interference control, working memory, concept shifting, and verbal fluency in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuropsychology, 22, 74-84.
51. Mattos P., Segenreich D., Saboya E., Louzã M., Dias G., Romano M., (2006). Adaptação transcultural da escala ASRS-18 (versão1.1) para avaliação do transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade em adultos para o português [Transcultural adaptation of the Adult Self-Report Scale into Portuguese for evaluation of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder]. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 33, 188-194.
52. Mesquita C., Coutinho G., Mattos P., (2010). Neuropsychological profile of adults with attention deficits: Differences between ADHD and clinical controls. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 37, 212-215.
53. Michielsen M., Comijs H. C., Semeijn E. J., Beekman A. T., Deeg D. J., Sandra Kooij J. J., (2013). The comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 220-227.
54. Miller M., Ho J., Hinshaw S. P., (2012). Executive functions in girls with ADHD followed prospectively into young adulthood. Neuropsychology, 26, 278-287.
55. Miyake A., Friedman N. P., (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: Four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 8-14.
56. Miyake A., Friedman N. P., Emerson M. J., Witzki A. H., Howerter A., Wager T. D., (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100.
57. MTA Cooperative Group. (1999). 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 1073-1086.
58. Murphy P., (2002). Cognitive functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Attention Disorders, 5, 203-209.
59. Nigg J., Stavro G., Ettenhofer M., Hambrick D. Z., Miller T., Henderson J. M., (2005). Executive functions and ADHD in adults: Evidence for selective effects on ADHD symptom domains. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 706-717.
60. Owen A. M., (1997). Cognitive planning in humans: Neuropsychological, neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological perspectives. Progress in Neurobiology, 53, 431-450.
61. Pazvantoglu O., Aker A. A., Karabekiroglu K., Akbas S., Sarısoy G., Baykal S...Sahin A. R., (2012). Neuropsychological weaknesses in adult ADHD: Cognitive functions as core deficit and roles of them in persistence to adulthood. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18, 819-826.
62. Polanczyk G., de Lima M. S., Horta B. L., Biederman J., Rohde L. A., (2007). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: A systematic review and metaregression analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 942-948.
63. Raven J. C., (1947). Guide to using progressive matrices. London, England: H.K. Lewis.
64. Reimer B., Mehler B., D’Ambrosio L. A., Fried R., (2010). The impact of distractions on young adult drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42, 842-851.
65. Riccio C. A., Wolfe M. E., Romine C., Davis B., Sullivan J. R., (2004). The Tower of London and neuropsychological assessment of ADHD in adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 661-671.
66. Rohlf H., Jucksch V., Gawrilow C., Huss M., Hein J., Lehmkuhl U., Salbach-Andrae H., (2012). Set shifting and working memory in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Neural Transmission, 119, 96-106.
67. Rösler M., Retz W., Stieglitz R. D., (2010). Psychopathological rating scales as efficacy parameters in adult ADHD treatment investigations—Benchmarking instruments for international multicentre trials. Pharmacopsychiatry, 43(3), 92-98.
68. Sandra Kooij J. J., (2012). Adult ADHD: Diagnostic assessment and treatment. London, England: Springer-Verlag.
69. Schreiber H. E., Javorsky D. J., Robinson J. E., Stern R. A., (1999). Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure performance in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A validation study of the Boston Qualitative Scoring System. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13, 509-520.
70. Seidman L. J., (2006). Neuropsychological functioning in people with ADHD across the lifespan. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 466-485.
71. Seidman L. J., Biederman J., Weber W., Hatch M., Faraone S., (1998). Neuropsychological functioning in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 260-268.
72. Shallice T., (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 298(1089), 199-209.
73. Sobanski E., (2006). Psychiatric comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience, 256(Suppl. 1), i26-i31.
74. Sonuga-Barke E. J., (2010). Disambiguating inhibitory dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Toward the decomposition of developmental brain phenotypes. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 599-601.
75. Spielberger C. D., Gorsuch R. L., Lushene R. E., (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
76. Towse J. N., Neil D., (1998). Analyzing human random generation behavior: A review of methods used and a computer program for describing performance. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 30, 583-591.
77. Troyer A. K., Moscovitch M., Winocur G., Alexander M. P., Stuss D., (1998). Clustering and switching on verbal fluency: The effects of focal frontal- and temporal-lobe lesions. Neuropsychologia, 36, 499-504.
78. Troyer A. K., Moscovitch M., Winocur G., Leach L., Freedman M., (1998). Clustering and switching on verbal fluency tests in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 137-143.
79. Tucha O., Mecklinger L., Laufkötter R., Kaunzinger I., Paul G. M., Klein H. E., Lange K. W., (2005). Clustering and switching on verbal and figural fluency functions in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 10, 231-248.
80. Valera E. M., Faraone S. V., Biederman J., Poldrack R. A., Seidman L. J., (2005). Functional neuroanatomy of working memory in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 439-447.
81. Valera E. M., Spencer R. M. C., Zeffiro T. A., Makris N., Spencer T. J., Faraone S...Seidman L. J., (2010). Neural substrates of impaired sensorimotor timing in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 359-367.
82. Vaz L., Pradella-Hallinan M., Bueno O. F., Pompéia S., (2011). Acute glucocorticoid effects on the multicomponent model of working memory. Human Psychopharmacology, 26, 477-487.
83. Walker A. Y., Shores A. E., Trollor J. N., Lee T., Sachdev P. S., (2000). Neuropsychological functioning of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22, 115-124.
84. White H. A., Marks W., (2004). Updating memory in list-method directed forgetting: Individual differences related to adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1453-1462.
85. Willcutt E. G., Doyle A. E., Nigg J. T., Faraone S. V., Pennington B. F., (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1336-1346.
86. Wilson B. A., Alderman N., Burgess P. W., Emslie H., Evans J. J., (1996). Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome. Bury St. Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company.
87. Woods S. P., Lovejoy D. W., Stutts M. L., Ball J. D., Fals-Stewart W., (2002). Comparative efficiency of a discrepancy analysis for the classification of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17, 351-369.
88. Yang B. R., Chan R. C. K., Gracia N., Cao X. Y., Zou X. B...Shum D. Y., (2011). Cool and hot executive functions in medication-naive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children. Psychological Medicine, 41, 2593-2602.