β-Lactam antibiotics renaissance

Antibiotics

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 193-215

  Qin, Wenling ^a   Panunzio, Mauro ^a   Biondi, Stefano ^b  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b Allecra Therapeutics SAS   (France)

Author keywords

Bacterial infections; lactam antibiotics; lactamase inhibitors

Indexed keywords

ANTOFLOXACIN; ARYLBORONIC ACID; ATM AVI; AVIBACTAM PLUS CEFTAZIDIME; AZTREONAM PLUS AVIBACTAM; BAL30072; BEDAQUILINE; BESIFLOXACIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; CARBAVANCE; CAZ 104; CB 027; CB027; CEFTAROLINE FOSAMIL; CEFTAROLINE PLUS AVIBACTAM; CEFTOLOZANE; CEFTOLOZANE PLUS TAZOBACTAM; CILASTATIN PLUS IMIPENEM PLUS MK7655; CXA 201; CXL; DIAZABICYCLOOCTANE NITRILE; DIAZABICYCOOCTANE; FIDAXOMICIN; FPI 1465; FPI1465; FSI 1671; FSI1671; GSK 2696266; MG96077; S 649266; S649266; SITAFLOXACIN; SULFONAMIDO BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; SULFONAMIDO BORONIC ACID; TD 1792; TD1792; TEBIPENEM PIVOXIL; TELAVANCIN; TRIAZOLE SUBSTITUTED BORONIC ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURVIVAL;

EID: 85016785094     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20796382     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics3020193     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Shlaes, D.M. Antibiotics: The Perfect Storm; Springer Dordrec: Heilderberg, London, NY, USA, 2010.
2. Pendleton, J.N.; Gorman, S.P.; Gilmore, B.F. Clinical relevance of the eskape pathogens. Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 2013, 11, 297-308.
3. Kallen, A.J.; Srinivasan, A. Current epidemiology of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli in the United States. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol. 2010, 31, S51-S54.
4. Boucher, H.W.; Talbot, G.H.; Bradley, J.S.; Edwards, J.E.; Gilbert, D.; Rice, L.B.; Scheld, M.; Spellberg, B.; Bartlett, J. Bad bugs, no drugs: No eskape! An update from the infectious diseases society of america. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2009, 48, 1-12.
5. Llarrull, L.I.; Testero, S.A.; Fisher, J.F.; Mobashery, S. The future of the β-lactams. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2010, 13, 551-557.
6. Worthington, R.J.; Melander, C. Overcoming resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 4207-4213.
7. Shlaes, D.M. New β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations in clinical development. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2013, 1277, 105-114.
8. Drawz, S.M.; Papp-Wallace, K.M.; Bonomo, R.A. New β-lactamase inhibitors: A therapeutic renaissance in an MDR World. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2014, 58, 1835-1846.
9. Butler, M.S.; Blaskovich, M.A.; Cooper, M.A. Antibiotics in the clinical pipeline in 2013. J. Antibiot. 2013, 66, 571-591.
10. Cooper, M.A.; Shlaes, D. Fix the antibiotics pipeline. Nature 2011, 472, 32.
11. Laxminarayan, R.; Powers, J.H. Antibacterial R&D incentives. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2011, 10, 727-728.
12. Spellberg, B.; Sharma, P.; Rex, J.H. The critical impact of time discounting on economic incentives to overcome the antibiotic market failure. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2012, 11, 168.
13. So, A.; Gupta, N.; Brahmachari, S.; Chopra, I.; Munos, B.; Nathan, C.; Outterson, K.; Paccaud, J.; Payne, D.; Peeling, R. Towards new business models for R&D for novel antibiotics. Drug Resist. Updates 2011, 14, 88-94.
14. Boucher, H.W. The 10 × '20 initiative: Pursuing a global commitment to develop 10 new antibacterial drugs by 2020. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2010, 50, 1081-1083.
15. Talbot, G.H. B-Lactam antimicrobials: What have you done for me lately? Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2013, 1277, 76-83.
16. Jernigan, M.G.; Press, E.G.; Nguyen, M.H.; Clancy, C.J.; Shields, R.K. The combination of doripenem and colistin is bactericidal and synergistic against colistin-resistant, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012, 56, 3395-3398.
17. Lampri, N.; Galani, I.; Poulakou, G.; Katsarolis, I.; Petrikkos, G.; Giamarellou, H.; Souli, M. Mecillinam/clavulanate combination: A possible option for the treatment of community-acquired uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2012, 67, 2424-2428.
18. Pallett, A.; Hand, K. Complicated urinary tract infections: Practical solutions for the treatment of multiresistant gram-negative bacteria. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2010, 65, iii25-iii33.
19. Ge, Y.; Whitehouse, M.; Friedland, I.; Talbot, G.H. Pharmacokinetics and safety of CXA-101, a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, in healthy adult male and female subjects receiving single-and multiple-dose intravenous infusions. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010, 54, 3427-3431.
20. Toda, A.; Ohki, H.; Yamanaka, T.; Murano, K.; Okuda, S.; Kawabata, K.; Hatano, K.; Matsuda, K.; Misumi, K.; Itoh, K. Synthesis and SAR of novel parenteral anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins: Discovery of fr 264205. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2008, 18, 4849-4852.
21. Ohki, H.; Okuda, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Ohgaki, M.; Toda, A.; Kawabata, K.; Inoue, S.; Misumi, K.; Itoh, K.; Satoh, K. Cephem compounds. WO/2004/039814, 2004.
22. Zamorano, L.; Juan, C.; Fernández-Olmos, A.; Ge, Y.; Cantón, R.; Oliver, A. Activity of the new cephalosporin CXA-101 (FR264205) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates fromchronically-Infected cystic fibrosis patients. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2010, 16, 1482-1487.
23. Moyá, B.; Zamorano, L.; Juan, C.; Ge, Y.; Oliver, A. Affinity of the new cephalosporin CXA-101 to penicillin-binding proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010, 54, 3933-3937.
24. Livermore, D.M.; Mushtaq, S.; Ge, Y.; Warner, M. Activity of cephalosporin CXA-101 (FR264205) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia group strains and isolates. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2009, 34, 402-406.
25. Juan, C.; Zamorano, L.; Pérez, J.L.; Ge, Y.; Oliver, A. Activity of a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, CXA-101 (FR264205), against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010, 54, 846-851.
26. Takeda, S.; Ishii, Y.; Hatano, K.; Tateda, K.; Yamaguchi, K. Stability of fr 264205 against ampc β-lactamase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2007, 30, 443-445.
27. Takeda, S.; Nakai, T.; Wakai, Y.; Ikeda, F.; Hatano, K. In vitro and in vivo activities of a new cephalosporin, fr264205, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007, 51, 826-830.
28. Livermore, D.M.; Mushtaq, S.; Ge, Y. Chequerboard titration of cephalosporin CXA-101 (FR264205) and tazobactam versus β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2010, 65, 1972-1974.
29. Chandorkar, G.; Huntington, J.; Parsons, T.; Umeh, O. Methods for treating intrapulmonary infections. WO 2,013,036,783, 2013.
30. Richards, D.M.; Brogden, R. Ceftazidime. Drugs 1985, 29, 105-161.
31. Livermore, D.M.; Blaser, M.; Carrs, O.; Cassell, G.; Fishman, N.; Guidos, R.; Levy, S.; Powers, J.; Norrby, R.; Tillotson, G. Discovery research: The scientific challenge of finding new antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2011, 66, 1941-1944.
32. Drawz, S.M.; Bonomo, R.A. Three decades of β-lactamase inhibitors. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2010, 23, 160-201.
33. Lagacé-Wiens, P.; Walkty, A.; Karlowsky, J.A. Ceftazidime-avibactam: An evidence-based review of its pharmacology and potential use in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. Core Evid. 2014, 9, 13-25.
34. Ehmann, D.E.; Jahić, H.; Ross, P.L.; Gu, R.-F.; Hu, J.; Kern, G.; Walkup, G.K.; Fisher, S.L. Avibactam is a covalent, reversible, non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 11663-11668.
35. Ehmann, D.E.; Jahic, H.; Ross, P.L.; Gu, R.-F.; Hu, J.; Durand-Réville, T.F.; Lahiri, S.; Thresher, J.; Livchak, S.; Gao, N.; et al. Kinetics of avibactam inhibition against class A, C, and D β-lactamases. J. Biol. Chem. 2013, 288, 27960-27961.
36. Lahiri, S.D.; Mangani, S.; Durand-Reville, T.; Benvenuti, M.; de Luca, F.; Sanyal, G.; Docquier, J.-D. Structural insight into potent broad-spectrum inhibition with reversible recyclization mechanism: Avibactam in complex with CTX-M-15 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ampc β-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2013, 57, 2496-2505.
37. Walkty, A.; DeCorby, M.; Lagacé-Wiens, P.; Karlowsky, J.; Hoban, D.; Zhanel, G. In vitro activity of ceftazidime combined with nxl104 versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from patients in canadian hospitals (canward 2009 study). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2011, 55, 2992-2994.
38. Levasseur, P.; Girard, A.-M.; Claudon, M.; Goossens, H.; Black, M.T.; Coleman, K.; Miossec, C. In vitro antibacterial activity of the ceftazidime-avibactam (nxl104) combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012, 56, 1606-1608.
39. Mushtaq, S.; Warner, M.; Livermore, D.M. In vitro activity of ceftazidime+nxl104 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenters. J. Antimicrob Chemother. 2010, 65, 2376-2381.
40. Boyd, J.A.; Cherryman, J.H.; Golden, M.; Kalyan, Y.B.; Lawton, G.R.; Milne, D.; Phillips, A.J.; Racha, S.; Ronsheim, M.S.; Telford, A. Process for preparing heterocyclic compounds including trans-7-oxo-6-(sulphooxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3,2,1]octane-2-carboxamide and salts thereof. WO 2,012,172,368, 2012.
41. Dedhiya, M.G.; Bhattacharya, S.; Ducandas, V.; Giuliani, A.; Ravaux, V.; Bonnet, A.; Priour, A.; Spargo, P.L. Novel crystalline forms of trans-7-oxo-6-(sulphooxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3,2,1]octane-2-carboxamide sodium salt. US20130267480 A1, 2013.
42. Shlaes, D.; Levasseur, P. Use of (1R,2S,5R)1,6-diazabicyclo[3,2,1]octane-2-carboxamide,7-oxo-6-(sulfooxy)-, monosodium salt as a diagnostic reagent for detecting serine beta-lactamases. EP 2,135,959, 2009.
43. Abe, T.; Okue, M.; Sakamaki, Y. Optically-active diazabicyclooctane derivative and method for manufacturing same. WO/2012/086241, 2012.
44. Goodman, J.J.; Martin, S.I. Critical appraisal of ceftaroline in the management of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and skin infections. Ther. Clin. Risk Manag. 2012, 8, 149-156.
45. Bassetti, M.; Ginocchio, F.; Mikulska, M.; Taramasso, L.; Giacobbe, D.R. Will new antimicrobials overcome resistance among gram-negatives? Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 2011, 9, 909-922.
46. Corey, G.R.; Wilcox, M.; Talbot, G.H.; Friedland, H.D.; Baculik, T.; Witherell, G.W.; Critchley, I.; Das, A.F.; Thye, D. Integrated analysis of canvas 1 and 2: Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ceftaroline versus vancomycin plus aztreonam in complicated skin and skin-structure infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2010, 51, 641-650.
47. Goldstein, E.J.C.; Citron, D.M.; Merriam, C.V.; Tyrrell, K.L. Comparative in vitro activity of ceftaroline, ceftaroline-avibactam, and other antimicrobial agents against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria cultured from infected diabetic foot wounds. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2013, 76, 347-351.
48. Eleftheriadou, I.; Tentolouris, N.; Argiana, V.; Jude, E.; Boulton, A.J. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in diabetic foot infections. Drugs 2010, 70, 1785-1797.
49. Castanheira, M.; Sader, H.S.; Farrell, D.J.; Mendes, R.E.; Jones, R.N. Activity of ceftaroline-avibactam tested against gram-negative organism populations, including strains expressing one or more β-lactamases and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying various staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012, 56, 4779-4785.
50. Louie, A.; Castanheira, M.; Liu, W.; Grasso, C.; Jones, R.N.; Williams, G.; Critchley, I.; Thye, D.; Brown, D.; vanScoy, B. Pharmacodynamics of β-lactamase inhibition by nxl104 in combination with ceftaroline: Examining organisms with multiple types of β-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012, 56, 258-270.
51. Mangion, I.K.; Ruck, R.T.; Rivera, N.; Huffman, M.A.; Shevlin, M. A concise synthesis of a β-lactamase inhibitor. Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5480-5483.
52. Rodloff, A.; Goldstein, E.; Torres, A. Two decades of imipenem therapy. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2006, 58, 916-929.
53. Hirsch, E.B.; Ledesma, K.R.; Chang, K.-T.; Schwartz, M.S.; Motyl, M.R.; Tam, V.H. In vitro activity of mk-7655, a novel β-lactamase inhibitor, in combination with imipenem against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012, 56, 3753-3757.
54. Young, K.; Hackel, M.; Lascols, C. Response to imipenem plus mk-7655, a novel β-lactamase inhibitor, in a surveillance study population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from smart 2009, C2-724. In Proceedings of the 52nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy (ICAAC), San Francisco, CA, USA, 13 September 2012; pp. 9-12.
55. Miller, S.P.; Zhong, Y.-L.; Liu, Z.; Simeone, M.; Yasuda, N.; Limanto, J.; Chen, Z.; Lynch, J.; Capodanno, V. Practical and cost-effective manufacturing route for the synthesis of a β-lactamase inhibitor. Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 174-177.
56. Sun, W.-W.; Cao, P.; Mei, R.-Q.; Li, Y.; Ma, Y.-L.; Wu, B. Palladium-catalyzed unactivated c(sp3)-h bond activation and intramolecular amination of carboxamides: A new approach to β-lactams. Org. Lett. 2013, 16, 480-483.
57. Klein, C.; Hüttel, W. A simple procedure for selective hydroxylation of L-proline and L-pipecolic acid with recombinantly expressed proline hydroxylases. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 1375-1383.
58. Schmitt-Hoffmann, A.; Roos, B.; Maares, J. Pharmacokinetics and safety of the novel sulfactam antibiotic bal30072 after single ascending dose infusions in healthy volunteers, A2-572. In Proceedings of the 51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemother (ICAAC), Chicago, IL, USA, 17-20 September 2011; pp. 17-20.
59. Livermore, D.M.; Mushtaq, S. Ptx 2416, a dihydropyridone monobactam vs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with characterized resistances. In Proceedings of the 43rd Interscience Conference Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, an American Society for Microbiology (ASM), Washington, DC, USA, 2003; Poster F-554.
60. Van Delden, C.; Page, M.G.; Köhler, T. Involvement of Fe uptake systems and AmpC β-lactamase in susceptibility to the siderophore monosulfactam bal30072 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2013, 57, 2095-2102.
61. Page, M.G.; Dantier, C.; Desarbre, E. In vitro properties of bal30072, a novel siderophore sulfactam with activity against multiresistant gram-negative bacilli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010, 54, 2291-2302.
62. Hofer, B.; Dantier, C.; Gebhardt, K.; Desarbre, E.; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A.; Page, M.G. Combined effects of the siderophore monosulfactam bal30072 and carbapenems on multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2013, 68, 1120-1129.
63. Rhomberg, P.; Flamm, R.; Jones, R.; Sader, H. Antimicrobial activity of bal30072, alone and in combination with meropenem tested against gram-negative bacteria causing serious infections in hospitals from China, India, Latin America and Southeast Asia-Pacific. In Proceedings of the 52nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), San Francisco, CA, USA, 9-12 September 2012; p. E-193.
64. De Souza Mendes, C.; de Souza Antunes, A. Pipeline of known chemical classes of antibiotics. Antibiotics 2013, 2, 500-534.
65. Crandon, J.L.; Nicolau, D.P. Human simulated studies of aztreonam and aztreonam-avibactam to evaluate activity against challenging gram-negative organisms, including metallo-β-lactamase producers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2013, 57, 3299-3306.
66. Newman, D.J.; Cragg, G.M. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J. Nat. Prod. 2012, 75, 311-335.
67. Livermore, D.M.; Mushtaq, S. Activity of biapenem (rpx2003) combined with the boronate β-lactamase inhibitor rpx7009 against carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2013, 68, 1825-1831.
68. Hecker, S.J.; Reddy, K.R.; Totrov, M.; Hirst, G.C.; Lomovskaya, O.; Griffith, D.C.; King, P.; Tsivkovski, R.; Sun, D.; Sabet, M.; et al. Discovery of rpx 7009, a broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor with utility vs. class a serine carbapenemases. In 52nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy (ICAAC), San Francisco, IL, USA, 9-12 September 2012; p. F-848.
69. Lomovskaya, O.; King, P.; Sun, D.; Griffith, D.C.; Hecker, S.J.; Dudley, M.N. Microbiological characterization of beta-lactamase inhibitor rpx7009. In 52nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), San Francisco, CA, USA, 9-12 September 2012; p. F-850.
70. Blais, J.; Lewis, S.R.; Krause, K.M.; Benton, B.M. Antistaphylococcal activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012, 56, 1584-1587.
71. Fedora pharmaceuticals demonstrates that FPI-1465 increases activity of certain antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteri. Avaliable online: http://www.fedorapharma.com/instantedit/files/ Fedora _ICAAC_data_091213.pdf (accessed on 12 September 2013).
72. Mendes, R.; Rhomberg, P.; Becker, H.; Jones, R. Activity of β-lactam agents tested in combination with novel β-lactamase inhibitor compounds against enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases. In Proceedings of the 53nd International Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, Denver, CO, USA, 10-13 September 2013; p. F-1188.
73. Maiti, S.N.; Nguyen, D.; Ling, R.; Ha, C.M.; Ganguly, B.; Ou, L.; Shan, R.; Singh, R.; Kully, M.; Khan, J.; et al. Design, synthesis and structure activity relationship of novel substituted amides containing diaza bicyclic heterocyclic compounds as broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitors. In 53nd International Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, Denver, CO, USA, 11 September 2013; p. F-1190.
74. Shoichet, B.K.; Prati, F.; Caselli, E.; Romagnoli, C.; Eidam, O. Beta-lactamase inhibitors. WO 2013/056163, 2013.
75. Eidam, O.; Romagnoli, C.; Dalmasso, G.; Barelier, S.; Caselli, E.; Bonnet, R.; Shoichet, B.K.; Prati, F. Fragment-guided design of subnanomolar β-lactamase inhibitors active in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 17448-17453.
76. Prati, F.; Caselli, E. Boronic acid inhibitors of beta-lactamases. WO 2013/053372, 2013.
77. Patil, V.T.; Tadiparthi, R.; Birajdar, S.; Bhagwat, S. Preparation of trans-7-oxo-6(sulfoxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2carbonitrile salts for the treatment of bacterial infections. WO 2013/038330, 2013.
78. Patel, M.V.; Deshpande, P.K.; Bhawsar, S.; Bhagwat, S.; Jafri, M.A.; Mishra, A.; Pavase, L.; Gupta, S.; Kale, R.; Joshi, S. 1,6-diazabicyclo[3,2,1]octan-7-one derivatives and their use in the treatment of bacterial infections. WO 2013/030733, 2013.
79. Bhagwat, S.; Deshpande, P.K.; Bhawsar, S.; Patil, V.J.; Tadiparthi, R.; Pawar, S.S.; Jadhav, S.B.; Dabhade, S.K.; Deshmukh, V.V.D. B; Birajdar, S.; et al. 1,6-diazabicyclo[3,2,1]octan-7-one derivatives and their use in the treatment of bacterial infections. WO 2013/030735, 2013.
80. Freire, E.; Siles, R.; Ross, P.C. High affinity beta lactamase inhibitors. WO 2013/056079, 2013.
81. Zhang, S.; Chuong, L.I.M.C.; Khang, I.C.; Alsup, A.; Li, T.; Arya, A.; He, Y.; Yin, N.; Rock, J.; Abel, C.; et al. In vivo efficacy of cb-027 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in mice. In Proceedings of the 52nd International Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA, 10 September 2012; p. F-846.
82. Joo, H.; Choi, W.-B.; Kim, D.-I.; Kowalik, E.; Hager, M.W.; Mao, S.; Li, Y.; Liu, S. In Fsi-1671, a novel anti-acinetobacter carbapenem; in vivo efficacy against carbapenem-resistance gram-negative bacterial infection. In Proceedings of the 53rd International Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Denver, CO, USA, 11 September 2013; p. F-1201.
83. Biondi, S.; Long, S.; Panunzio, M.; Qin, W.L. Current Trends in β-Lactam Based β-Lactamases Inhibitors. Curr. Med. Chem. 2011, 18, 4223-4236.