메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 359-371

The role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in bipolar disorder: Effectiveness in 522 patients with bipolar depression, mixed-state, mania and catatonic features

Author keywords

Bipolar depression; Bipolar disorder; Catatonia; Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); Mania; Mixed state; Mood stabilizer

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; BIPOLAR DEPRESSION; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DSM-IV-TR; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANIA; PSYCHOSOCIAL DISORDER; RESEARCH DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CATATONIA; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMPLICATION; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; PROCEDURES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 85015657328     PISSN: 1570159X     EISSN: 18756190     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X14666161017233642     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (112)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 77954667232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketter, T.A. Diagnostic features, prevalence, and impact of bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2010, 71(6), e14. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.8125tx11c
    • (2010) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.71 , Issue.6
    • Ketter, T.A.1
  • 2
    • 0036275313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the treatment of bipolar disorder by outpatient psychiatrists
    • Blanco, C.; Laje, G.; Olfson, M.; Marcus, S.C.; Pincus, H.A. Trends inthe treatment of bipolar disorder by outpatient psychiatrists. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2002, 159(6), 1005-1010. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.1005
    • (2002) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.159 , Issue.6
    • Blanco, C.1    Laje, G.2    Olfson, M.3    Marcus, S.C.4    Pincus, H.A.5
  • 3
    • 2942683585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive episodesand symptoms dominate the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder
    • Judd, L.L.; Akiskal, H.S. Depressive episodesand symptoms dominate the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder. Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 2003, 5(6), 417-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-003-0077-2
    • (2003) Curr. Psychiatry Rep. , vol.5 , Issue.6
    • Judd, L.L.1    Akiskal, H.S.2
  • 8
    • 77957875000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial predictorsof mood symptoms 1 year after acute phase treatment of bipolar I disorder
    • Weinstock, L.M.; Miller, I.W. Psychosocial predictorsof mood symptoms 1 year after acute phase treatment of bipolar I disorder. Compr. Psychiatry, 2010, 51(5), 497-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.02.001
    • (2010) Compr. Psychiatry , vol.51 , Issue.5
    • Weinstock, L.M.1    Miller, I.W.2
  • 9
    • 65249116280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential itemfunctioning of DSM-IV depressive symptoms in individuals with a history of mania versus those without: An item response theory analysis
    • Weinstock, L.M.; Strong, D.; Uebelacker, L.A.; Miller, I.W. Differential itemfunctioning of DSM-IV depressive symptoms in individuals with a history of mania versus those without: an item response theory analysis. Bipolar Disord, 2009, 11(3), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00681.x
    • (2009) Bipolar Disord , vol.11 , Issue.3
    • Weinstock, L.M.1    Strong, D.2    Uebelacker, L.A.3    Miller, I.W.4
  • 12
    • 41849140031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on autobiographical memory: A systematic review
    • Fraser, L.M.; O’Carroll, R.E.; Ebmeier, K.P. The effectof electroconvulsive therapy on autobiographical memory: a systematic review. J. ECT, 2008, 24(1), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181616c26
    • (2008) J. ECT , vol.24 , Issue.1
    • Fraser, L.M.1    Ebmeier, K.P.2
  • 13
    • 17944382005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopharmacology: Rational and irrational polypharmacy
    • Kingsbury, S.J.; Yi, D.; Simpson, G.M. Psychopharmacology: rational and irrational polypharmacy. Psychiatr. Serv., 2001, 52(8), 1033-1036. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.8.1033
    • (2001) Psychiatr. Serv. , vol.52 , Issue.8
    • Kingsbury, S.J.1    Yi, D.2    Simpson, G.M.3
  • 15
    • 78650600165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bates, J.A.; Whitehead, R.; Bolge, S.C.; Kim, E. Correlates ofmedication adherence among patients with bipolar disorder: results of the bipolar evaluation of satisfaction and tolerability (BEST) study: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Prim Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2010, 12(5), https://doi.org/10.4088/pcc.09m00883yel
    • (2010) Prim Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.12 , Issue.5
    • Bates, J.A.1    Whitehead, R.2    Bolge, S.C.3    Kim, E.4
  • 19
    • 84858303408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar versus unipolar major depression: A meta-analysis
    • Dierckx, B.; Heijnen, W.T.; van den Broek, W.W.; Birkenhager, T.K. Efficacy ofelectroconvulsive therapy in bipolar versus unipolar major depression: a meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord., 2012, 14(2), 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.00997.x
    • (2012) Bipolar Disord. , vol.14 , Issue.2
    • Dierckx, B.1    Heijnen, W.T.2    van den Broek, W.W.3    Birkenhager, T.K.4
  • 20
    • 84943543890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kellner, C.H.; Ahle, G.M.; Geduldig, E.T. Electroconvulsive therapyfor bipolar disorder: evidence supporting what clinicians have long known. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2015, 76(9), e1151-1152. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14com09498
    • (2015) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.76 , Issue.9 , pp. e1151-e1152
    • Kellner, C.H.1    Ahle, G.M.2    Geduldig, E.T.3
  • 21
    • 0041383996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of electroconvulsive therapy efficacy in depression
    • Kho, K.H.; van Vreeswijk, M.F.; Simpson, S.; Zwinderman, A.H. A meta-analysis of electroconvulsive therapy efficacy in depression. J. ECT., 2003, 19(3), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1097/00124509-200309000-00005
    • (2003) J. ECT. , vol.19 , Issue.3
    • Kho, K.H.1    van Vreeswijk, M.F.2    Simpson, S.3    Zwinderman, A.H.4
  • 22
    • 79958134275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-2
    • Loo, C.; Katalinic, N.; Mitchell, P.B.; Greenberg, B. Physical treatmentsfor bipolar disorder: a review of electroconvulsive therapy, stereotactic surgery and other brain stimulation techniques. J Affect Disord, 2011, 132(1-2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jad.2010.08.017
    • (2011) J Affect Disord , Issue.132 , pp. 1-13
    • Loo, C.1    Katalinic, N.2    Mitchell, P.B.3    Greenberg, B.4
  • 23
    • 0028047366 scopus 로고
    • Electroconvulsive therapy of acute manic episodes: A review of 50 years’ experience
    • Mukherjee, S.; Sackeim, H.A.; Schnur, D.B. Electroconvulsive therapyof acute manic episodes: a review of 50 years’ experience. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1994, 151(2), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1176/ ajp.151.2.169
    • (1994) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.151 , Issue.2
    • Mukherjee, S.1    Sackeim, H.A.2    Schnur, D.B.3
  • 24
    • 0037426064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: A systematic review and metaanalysis
    • UK ECT Review Group. Efficacy andsafety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Lancet, 2003, 361(9360), 799-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12705-5
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , Issue.9360
  • 26
    • 84965004456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training and Privileging 2nd ed. Americam Psichiatic Association: Washington
    • American; Psychiatric; Association. The Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Racommendations forTreatment, Training and Privileging 2nd ed. Americam Psichiatic Association: Washington, 2001.
    • (2001) The Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Racommendations forTreatment
  • 27
    • 0036632252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar, D. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of bipolar disorders. Part I: Treatment of bipolar depression
    • Grunze, H.; Kasper, S.; Goodwin, G.; Bowden, C.; Baldwin, D.; Licht, R.; Vieta, E.; Moller, H.J.; World Federation of Societies ofBiological Psychiatry Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar, D. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of bipolar disorders. Part I: Treatment of bipolar depression. World J. Biol. Psychiatry, 2002, 3(3), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622970209150612
    • (2002) World J. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.3 , Issue.3
    • Grunze, H.1    Kasper, S.2    Goodwin, G.3    Bowden, C.4    Baldwin, D.5    Licht, R.6    Vieta, E.7    Moller, H.J.8
  • 28
    • 0037494714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federation ofSocieties of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders, Part II: Treatment of Mania
    • Grunze, H.; Kasper, S.; Goodwin, G.; Bowden, C.; Baldwin, D.; Licht, R.W.; Vieta, E.; Moller, H.J.; Kasper, S.WFSBP Task Force On Treatment Guidelines For Bipolar Disorders. The World Federation ofSocieties of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders, Part II: Treatment of Mania. World J. Biol. Psychiatry, 2003, 4(1), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622970309167904
    • (2003) World J. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.4 , Issue.1
    • Grunze, H.1    Kasper, S.2    Goodwin, G.3    Bowden, C.4    Baldwin, D.5    Licht, R.W.6    Vieta, E.7    Moller, H.J.8    Kasper, S.9
  • 30
    • 0037219091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bipolar depression: Management options
    • Malhi, G.S.; Mitchell, P.B.; Salim, S. Bipolar depression: management options. CNS Drugs, 2003, 17(1), 9-25. https://doi. org/10.2165/00023210-200317010-00002
    • (2003) CNS Drugs , vol.17 , Issue.1
    • Malhi, G.S.1    Mitchell, P.B.2    Salim, S.3
  • 31
    • 0034169881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Medication Treatment of Bipolar Disorder 2000
    • Spec No
    • Sachs, G.S.; Printz, D.J.; Kahn, D.A.; Carpenter, D.; Docherty, J.P. The Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Medication Treatment of Bipolar Disorder 2000. Postgrad. Med., 2000, Spec No, 1-104.
    • (2000) Postgrad. Med. , pp. 1-104
    • Sachs, G.S.1    Printz, D.J.2    Kahn, D.A.3    Carpenter, D.4    Docherty, J.P.5
  • 33
    • 0034145676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECT in treatment algorithms: No need to save the best for last
    • Beale, M.D.; Kellner, C.H. ECT in treatment algorithms: no need to save the best for last. J. ECT, 2000, 16(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1097/00124509-200003000-00001
    • (2000) J. ECT , vol.16 , Issue.1
    • Beale, M.D.1    Kellner, C.H.2
  • 35
    • 0348077406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressants inbipolar disorder: The case for caution
    • Ghaemi, S.N.; Hsu, D.J.; Soldani, F.; Goodwin, F.K. Antidepressants inbipolar disorder: the case for caution. Bipolar Disord., 2003, 5(6), 421-433. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1399-5618.2003.00074.x
    • (2003) Bipolar Disord. , vol.5 , Issue.6
    • Ghaemi, S.N.1    Hsu, D.J.2    Soldani, F.3    Goodwin, F.K.4
  • 36
    • 0020325889 scopus 로고
    • An efficacy study of electroconvulsive therapy and anti depressants in the treatment of primary depression
    • Homan, S.; Lachenbruch, P.A.; Winokur, G.; Clayton, P. An efficacy study of electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants in the treatment of primary depression. Psychol. Med., 1982, 12(3), 615-624. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700055720
    • (1982) Psychol. Med. , vol.12 , Issue.3
    • Homan, S.1    Lachenbruch, P.A.2    Winokur, G.3    Clayton, P.4
  • 37
    • 70249087363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response toECT in bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar depression
    • Medda, P.; Perugi, G.; Zanello, S.; Ciuffa, M.; Cassano, G.B. Response toECT in bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar depression. J. Affect. Disord., 2009, 118(1-3), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.014
    • (2009) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.118 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 55-59
    • Medda, P.1    Perugi, G.2    Zanello, S.3    Ciuffa, M.4    Cassano, G.B.5
  • 38
    • 56249131097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between subjective and objective assessments of the utility of Electroconvulsive therapy in patients with bipolar and unipolar depression
    • Hallam, K.T.; Smith, D.I.; Berk, M. Differences betweensubjective and objective assessments of the utility of Electroconvulsive therapy in patients with bipolar and unipolar depression. J .Affect. Disord., 2009, 112(1-3), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.024
    • (2009) J .Affect. Disord. , vol.112 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 212-218
    • Hallam, K.T.1    Smith, D.I.2    Berk, M.3
  • 39
    • 0016381442 scopus 로고
    • Unipolar and bipolar depressive illness. Phenomenology and response to electroconvulsive therapy
    • Abrams, R.; Taylor, M.A. Unipolar andbipolar depressive illness. Phenomenology and response to electroconvulsive therapy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 1974, 30(3), 320-321. https://doi.org/10.1001/ archpsyc.1974.01760090038006
    • (1974) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.30 , Issue.3
    • Abrams, R.1    Taylor, M.A.2
  • 40
    • 0023009385 scopus 로고
    • Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Naturalistic Evaluation of 460 Patients
    • Black, D.W.; Winokur, G.; Nasrallah, A. ECT in Unipolar andBipolar Disorders: A Naturalistic Evaluation of 460 Patients. Convuls. Ther., 1986, 2(4), 231-237.
    • (1986) Convuls. Ther. , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 231-237
    • Black, D.W.1    Winokur, G.2    Nasrallah, A.E.C.T.3
  • 41
    • 0036382090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to ECT in major depression: Are there differences between unipolar and bipolar depression?
    • Grunhaus, L.; Schreiber, S.; Dolberg, O.T.; Hirshman, S.; Dannon, P.N. Response toECT in major depression: are there differences between unipolar and bipolar depression? Bipolar Disord., 2002, 4 (Suppl 1), 91-93. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-5618.4.s1.40.x
    • (2002) Bipolar Disord. , pp. 91-93
    • Grunhaus, L.1    Schreiber, S.2    Dolberg, O.T.3    Hirshman, S.4    Dannon, P.N.5
  • 43
    • 65549165289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-brief pulse ECT in bipolar and unipolar depressive disorder: Differences in speed of response
    • Sienaert, P.; Vansteelandt, K.; Demyttenaere, K.; Peuskens, J. Ultra-brief pulse ECT in bipolar and unipolar depressive disorder: differences in speed of response. Bipolar Disord., 2009, 11(4), 418-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00702.x
    • (2009) Bipolar Disord. , vol.11 , Issue.4
    • Sienaert, P.1    Vansteelandt, K.2    Demyttenaere, K.3    Peuskens, J.4
  • 44
    • 84920160588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment-resistant bipolar depression: A randomized controlled trial of electroconvulsive therapy versus algorithm-based pharmacological treatment
    • Schoeyen, H.K.; Kessler, U.; Andreassen, O.A.; Auestad, B.H.; Bergsholm, P.; Malt, U.F.; Morken, G.; Oedegaard, K.J.; Vaaler, A. Treatment-resistant bipolar depression: a randomized controlled trial of electroconvulsive therapy versus algorithm-based pharmacological treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2015, 172(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13111517
    • (2015) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.172 , Issue.1
    • Schoeyen, H.K.1    Kessler, U.2    Andreassen, O.A.3    Auestad, B.H.4    Bergsholm, P.5    Malt, U.F.6    Morken, G.7    Oedegaard, K.J.8    Vaaler, A.9
  • 46
    • 84886725025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical subtypes of severe bipolar mixed states
    • P.; Reis, J.; Rizzato, S.; Giorgi, M. M.; Mauri, M.
    • Perugi, G.; M https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.037edda, P.; Reis, J.; Rizzato, S.; Giorgi, M. M.; Mauri, M. Clinical subtypesof severe bipolar mixed states. J .Affect. Disord., 2013, 151(3), 1076-1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.037
    • (2013) J .Affect. Disord. , vol.151 , Issue.3
    • Perugi, G.M.1
  • 47
    • 84872177031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bipolar mixed States: An international society for bipolar disorders task force report of symptom structure, course of illness, and diagnosis
    • Swann, A.C.; Lafer, B.; Perugi, G.; Frye, M.A.; Bauer, M.; Bahk, W.M.; Scott, J.; Ha, K.; Suppes, T. Bipolar mixedStates: an international society for bipolar disorders task force report of symptom structure, course of illness, and diagnosis. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2013, 170(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12030301
    • (2013) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.170 , Issue.1
    • Swann, A.C.1    Lafer, B.2    Perugi, G.3    Frye, M.A.4    Bauer, M.5    Bahk, W.M.6    Scott, J.7    Ha, K.8    Suppes, T.9
  • 48
    • 20344405995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy of bipolar mixed states
    • Kruger, S.; Trevor Young, L.; Braunig, P. Pharmacotherapy ofbipolar mixed states. Bipolar Disord, 2005, 7(3), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00197.x
    • (2005) Bipolar Disord , vol.7 , Issue.3
    • Kruger, S.1    Trevor Young, L.2    Braunig, P.3
  • 50
    • 53749093010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term antidepressant treatment in bipolar disorder: Metaanalyses of benefits and risks
    • Ghaemi, S.N.; Wingo, A.P.; Filkowski, M.A.; Baldessarini, R.J. Long-term antidepressant treatment in bipolar disorder: metaanalyses of benefits and risks. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 2008, 118(5), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01257.x
    • (2008) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.118 , Issue.5
    • Ghaemi, S.N.1    Wingo, A.P.2    Filkowski, M.A.3    Baldessarini, R.J.4
  • 51
    • 0034891503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk for bipolar illness in patients initially hospitalized for unipolar depression
    • Goldberg, J.F.; Harrow, M.; Whiteside, J.E. Risk forbipolar illness in patients initially hospitalized for unipolar depression. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2001, 158(8), 1265-1270. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi. ajp.158.8.1265
    • (2001) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.158 , Issue.8
    • Goldberg, J.F.1    Harrow, M.2    Whiteside, J.E.3
  • 54
    • 0033857929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melancholic symptoms during concurrent olanzapine and fluoxetine
    • Nelson, L.A.; Swartz, C.M. Melancholic symptoms during concurrent olanzapine and fluoxetine. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry, 2000, 12(3), 167-170. https://doi.org/10.3109/10401230009147107
    • (2000) Ann. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.12 , Issue.3
    • Nelson, L.A.1    Swartz, C.M.2
  • 55
    • 33846066691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thirty years of clinical experience with carbamazepine in the treatment of bipolar illness: Principles and practice
    • Post, R.M.; Ketter, T.A.; Uhde, T.; Ballenger, J.C. Thirty yearsof clinical experience with carbamazepine in the treatment of bipolar illness: principles and practice. CNS Drugs, 2007, 21(1), 47-71. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200721010-00005
    • (2007) CNS Drugs , vol.21 , Issue.1
    • Post, R.M.1    Ketter, T.A.2    Uhde, T.3    Ballenger, J.C.4
  • 56
    • 0032957187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • discussion 14-15
    • Calabrese, J.R.; Rapport, D.J. Mood stabilizersand the evolution of maintenance study designs in bipolar I disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1999, 60 (Suppl 5), 5-13; discussion 14-15.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 5-13
    • Calabrese, J.R.1    Rapport, D.J.2
  • 60
    • 84887942499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DSM-5 criteria for depression with mixed features: A farewell to mixed depression
    • Koukopoulos, A.; Sani, G. DSM-5 criteria for depression with mixed features: a farewell to mixed depression. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 2014, 129(1), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12140
    • (2014) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.129 , Issue.1
    • Koukopoulos, A.1    Sani, G.2
  • 61
    • 0035722903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perugi, G.; Akiskal, H.S.; Micheli, C.; Toni, C.; Madaro, D. Clinical characterizationof depressive mixed state in bipolar-I patients: Pisa-San Diego collaboration. J. Affect. Disord., 2001, 67(1-3), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00443-8
    • (2001) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.67 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 105-114
    • Perugi, G.1    Akiskal, H.S.2    Micheli, C.3    Toni, C.4    Madaro, D.5
  • 62
    • 79961225126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode: The BRIDGE study
    • Angst, J.; Azorin, J.M.; Bowden, C.L.; Perugi, G.; Vieta, E.; Gamma, A.; Young, A.H.; Group, B.S. Prevalence andcharacteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2011, 68(8), 791-798. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.87
    • (2011) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.68 , Issue.8
    • Angst, J.1    Azorin, J.M.2    Bowden, C.L.3    Perugi, G.4    Vieta, E.5    Gamma, A.6    Young, A.H.7    Group, B.S.8
  • 63
    • 0024267724 scopus 로고
    • Electroconvulsive Therapy in Aarhus, Denmark, in 1984: Its Application in Nondepressive Disorders
    • Stromgren, L.S. Electroconvulsive Therapy in Aarhus, Denmark, in 1984: Its Application in Nondepressive Disorders. Convuls. Ther., 1988, 4(4), 306-313.
    • (1988) Convuls. Ther , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 306-313
    • Stromgren, L.S.1
  • 64
    • 0034204124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECT in mixed affective states: A case series
    • Gruber, N.P.; Dilsaver, S.C.; Shoaib, A.M.; Swann, A.C. ECT in mixed affective states: a case series. J. ECT., 2000, 16(2), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1097/00124509-200006000-00010
    • (2000) J. ECT. , vol.16 , Issue.2
    • Gruber, N.P.1    Dilsaver, S.C.2    Shoaib, A.M.3    Swann, A.C.4
  • 66
    • 0034890446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroconvulsive therapy in medication-nonresponsive patients with mixed mania and bipolar depression
    • Ciapparelli, A.; Dell’Osso, L.; Tundo, A.; Pini, S.; Chiavacci, M.C.; Di Sacco, I.; Cassano, G.B. Electroconvulsive therapyin medication-nonresponsive patients with mixed mania and bipolar depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2001, 62(7), 552-555. https://doi. org/10.4088/JCP.v62n07a09
    • (2001) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.7
    • Ciapparelli, A.1    Dell’Osso, L.2    Tundo, A.3    Pini, S.4    Chiavacci, M.C.5    Di Sacco, I.6    Cassano, G.B.7
  • 67
    • 77953147377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative responseto electroconvulsive therapy in medication-resistant bipolar I patients with depression and mixed state
    • Medda, P.; Perugi, G.; Zanello, S.; Ciuffa, M.; Rizzato, S.; Cassano, G.B. Comparative responseto electroconvulsive therapy in medication-resistant bipolar I patients with depression and mixed state. J. ECT, 2010, 26(2), 82-86. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181b00f1e
    • (2010) J. ECT , vol.26 , Issue.2
    • Medda, P.1    Perugi, G.2    Zanello, S.3    Ciuffa, M.4    Rizzato, S.5    Cassano, G.B.6
  • 68
    • 65649095161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: Revised second edition--recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
    • Goodwin, G.M. Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: revised second edition--recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J. Psychopharmacol., 2009, 23(4), 346-388.
    • (2009) J. Psychopharmacol. , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 346-388
    • Goodwin, G.M.1
  • 70
    • 78650469067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of delirious mania: A report of 2 patients
    • Danivas, V.; Behere, R.V.; Varambally, S.; Rao, N.P.; Venkatasubramanian, G.; Gangadhar, B.N. Electroconvulsive therapyin the treatment of delirious mania: a report of 2 patients. J. ECT, 2010, 26(4), 278-279. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181da848f
    • (2010) J. ECT , vol.26 , Issue.4
    • Danivas, V.1    Behere, R.V.2    Varambally, S.3    Rao, N.P.4    Venkatasubramanian, G.5    Gangadhar, B.N.6
  • 71
    • 84873807126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirious mania: Detection, diagnosis, and clinical management in the acute setting
    • Jacobowski, N.L.; Heckers, S.; Bobo, W.V. Delirious mania: detection, diagnosis, and clinical management in the acute setting. J. Psychiatr. Pract., 2013, 19(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000426324.67322.06
    • (2013) J. Psychiatr. Pract. , vol.19 , Issue.1
    • Jacobowski, N.L.1    Heckers, S.2    Bobo, W.V.3
  • 72
    • 58749090017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bifrontal versusbitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in severe manic patients
    • Barekatain, M.; Jahangard, L.; Haghighi, M.; Ranjkesh, F. Bifrontal versusbitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in severe manic patients. J. ECT, 2008, 24(3), 199-202. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181624b5d
    • (2008) J. ECT , vol.24 , Issue.3
    • Barekatain, M.1    Jahangard, L.2    Haghighi, M.3    Ranjkesh, F.4
  • 73
    • 49849096140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind randomized controlled study comparing short-term efficacy of bifrontal and bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in acute mania
    • Hiremani, R.M.; Thirthalli, J.; Tharayil, B.S.; Gangadhar, B.N. Double-blind randomized controlled study comparing short-term efficacy of bifrontal and bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in acute mania. Bipolar Disord., 2008, 10(6), 701-707. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2008.00608.x
    • (2008) Bipolar Disord. , vol.10 , Issue.6
    • Hiremani, R.M.1    Thirthalli, J.2    Tharayil, B.S.3    Gangadhar, B.N.4
  • 74
    • 84861792034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing efficacyof ECT with and without concurrent sodium valproate therapy in manic patients
    • Jahangard, L.; Haghighi, M.; Bigdelou, G.; Bajoghli, H.; Brand, S. Comparing efficacyof ECT with and without concurrent sodium valproate therapy in manic patients. J. ECT, 2012, 28(2), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e31824b64b5
    • (2012) J. ECT , vol.28 , Issue.2
    • Jahangard, L.1    Haghighi, M.2    Bigdelou, G.3    Bajoghli, H.4    Brand, S.5
  • 75
    • 61449114993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects ofstimulus intensity on the efficacy and safety of twice-weekly, bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) combined with antipsychotics in acute mania: A randomised controlled trial
    • Mohan, T.S.; Tharyan, P.; Alexander, J.; Raveendran, N.S. Effects ofstimulus intensity on the efficacy and safety of twice-weekly, bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) combined with antipsychotics in acute mania: a randomised controlled trial. Bipolar Disord., 2009, 11(2), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00668.x
    • (2009) Bipolar Disord. , vol.11 , Issue.2
    • Mohan, T.S.1    Tharyan, P.2    Alexander, J.3    Raveendran, N.S.4
  • 76
    • 0028361891 scopus 로고
    • Combined chlorpromazineand electroconvulsive therapy in mania
    • Sikdar, S.; Kulhara, P.; Avasthi, A.; Singh, H. Combined chlorpromazineand electroconvulsive therapy in mania. Br J Psychiatry, 1994, 164(6), 806-810. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.6.806
    • (1994) Br J Psychiatry , vol.164 , Issue.6
    • Sikdar, S.1    Kulhara, P.2    Avasthi, A.3    Singh, H.4
  • 79
    • 84878260778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rediscovering catatonia: The biography of a treatable syndrome
    • Fink, M. Rediscovering catatonia: the biography of a treatable syndrome. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl, 2013, (441), 1-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12038
    • (2013) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl , Issue.441 , pp. 1-47
    • Fink, M.1
  • 80
    • 5644271675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Scared stiff”: Catatonia as an evolutionary-based fear response
    • Moskowitz, A.K. “Scared stiff”: catatonia as an evolutionary-based fear response. Psychol. Rev., 2004, 111(4), 984-1002. https://doi. org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.984
    • (2004) Psychol. Rev. , vol.111 , Issue.4
    • Moskowitz, A.K.1
  • 83
    • 0029760562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The “half-age” stimulation strategy for ECT dosing
    • Petrides, G.; Fink, M. The “half-age” stimulation strategy for ECT dosing. Convuls. Ther., 1996, 12(3), 138-146.
    • (1996) Convuls. Ther. , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 138-146
    • Petrides, G.1    Fink, M.2
  • 85
    • 17044460449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance ofthe catatonic syndrome to the mixed manic episode
    • Kruger, S.; Cooke, R.G.; Spegg, C.C.; Braunig, P. Relevance ofthe catatonic syndrome to the mixed manic episode. J. Affect Disord., 2003, 74(3), 279-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00088-5
    • (2003) J. Affect Disord. , vol.74 , Issue.3
    • Kruger, S.1    Cooke, R.G.2    Spegg, C.C.3    Braunig, P.4
  • 86
    • 0030916833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catatonia andthe neuroleptics: Psychobiologic significance of remote and recent findings
    • Blumer, D. Catatonia andthe neuroleptics: psychobiologic significance of remote and recent findings. Compr. Psychiatry, 1997, 38(4), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(97)90027-4
    • (1997) Compr. Psychiatry , vol.38 , Issue.4
    • Blumer, D.1
  • 87
    • 84978705855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technique inTreating Catatonia
    • Fink, M.; Kellner, C.H.; McCall, W.V. Optimizing ECT Technique inTreating Catatonia. J. ECT, 2016, 32(3), 149-150. https://doi. org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000000345
    • (2016) J. ECT , vol.32 , Issue.3
    • Fink, M.1    Kellner, C.H.2    McCall, W.V.3    Optimizing, E.C.T.4
  • 89
  • 90
    • 37349052747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximal responseto electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of catatonic symptoms
    • Hatta, K.; Miyakawa, K.; Ota, T.; Usui, C.; Nakamura, H.; Arai, H. Maximal responseto electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of catatonic symptoms. J. ECT, 2007, 23(4), 233-235. https://doi.org/10.1097/yct.0b013e3181587949
    • (2007) J. ECT , vol.23 , Issue.4
    • Hatta, K.1    Miyakawa, K.2    Ota, T.3    Usui, C.4    Nakamura, H.5    Arai, H.6
  • 91
    • 0026739292 scopus 로고
    • The Response to an Amobarbital Interview as a Predictor of Therapeutic Outcome in Patients with Catatonic Mutism
    • McCall, W.V. The Response to an Amobarbital Interview as a Predictor of Therapeutic Outcome in Patients with Catatonic Mutism. Convuls. Ther., 1992, 8(3), 174-178.
    • (1992) Convuls. Ther. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 174-178
    • McCall, W.V.1
  • 92
    • 0026779177 scopus 로고
    • Catatonia ina University Inpatient Service (1985-1990)
    • Pataki, J.; Zervas, I.M.; Jandorf, L. Catatonia ina University Inpatient Service (1985-1990). Convuls. Ther., 1992, 8(3), 163-173.
    • (1992) Convuls. Ther. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 163-173
    • Pataki, J.1    Zervas, I.M.2    Jandorf, L.3
  • 93
    • 84864979840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response rateof catatonia to electroconvulsive therapy and its clinical correlates
    • Raveendranathan, D.; Narayanaswamy, J.C.; Reddi, S.V. Response rateof catatonia to electroconvulsive therapy and its clinical correlates. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 2012, 262(5), 425-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-011-0285-4.
    • (2012) Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.262 , Issue.5
    • Raveendranathan, D.1    Narayanaswamy, J.C.2    Reddi, S.V.3
  • 94
    • 0027145084 scopus 로고
    • Rohland, B.M.; Carroll, B.T.; Jacoby, R.G. ECT in the treatment of the catatonic syndrome. J. Affect. Disord., 1993, 29(4), 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(93)90015-C
    • (1993) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 255-261
  • 95
    • 84883493906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective treatmentof catatonia by combination of benzodiazepine and electroconvulsive therapy
    • Unal, A.; Bulbul, F.; Alpak, G.; Virit, O.; Copoglu, U.S.; Savas, H.A. Effective treatmentof catatonia by combination of benzodiazepine and electroconvulsive therapy. J. ECT, 2013, 29(3), 206-209. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e3182887a1a
    • (2013) J. ECT , vol.29 , Issue.3
    • Unal, A.1    Bulbul, F.2    Alpak, G.3    Virit, O.4    Copoglu, U.S.5    Savas, H.A.6
  • 96
    • 78650477622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia: Treatment characteristics and outcomes in 27 patients
    • van Waarde, J.A.T.J., Verwey, B., van der Mast, R.C. Electroconvulsive therapyfor catatonia: treatment characteristics and outcomes in 27 patients. J. ECT, 2010, 26(4), 248-252. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181c18a13
    • (2010) J. ECT , vol.26 , Issue.4
    • van Waarde, J.A.T.J.1    Verwey, B.2    van der Mast, R.C.3
  • 98
    • 67349287501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of ultra-brief bifrontal and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: Clinical efficacy
    • Sienaert, P.; Vansteelandt, K.; Demyttenaere, K.; Peuskens, J. Randomized comparisonof ultra-brief bifrontal and unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: clinical efficacy. J. Affect. Disord., 2009, 116(1-2), 106-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jad.2008.11.001
    • (2009) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.116 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 106-112
    • Sienaert, P.1    Vansteelandt, K.2    Demyttenaere, K.3    Peuskens, J.4
  • 99
    • 72949151592 scopus 로고
    • A rating scale for depression
    • Hamilton, M. A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 1960, 23, 56-62. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56
    • (1960) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , Issue.23 , pp. 56-62
    • Hamilton, M.1
  • 100
    • 0000503515 scopus 로고
    • The brief psychiatric rating scale
    • Overall, J.E. Gorham, D.R. The briefpsychiatric rating scale. Psychol. Rep., 1962, 10, 799-812. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799
    • (1962) Psychol. Rep. , vol.10 , pp. 799-812
    • Overall, J.E.1    Gorham, D.R.2
  • 101
    • 0018175277 scopus 로고
    • A rating scale for mania: Reliability, validity and sensitivity
    • Young, R.C.; Biggs, J.T.; Ziegler, V.E.; Meyer, D.A. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br. J. Psychiatry, 1978, 133, 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.133.5.429
    • (1978) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.133 , pp. 429-435
    • Young, R.C.1    Biggs, J.T.2    Ziegler, V.E.3    Meyer, D.A.4
  • 102
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein, M.F.; Folstein, S.E.; McHugh, P.R. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res., 1975, 12(3), 189-198. https://doi. org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
    • (1975) J. Psychiatr. Res. , vol.12 , Issue.3
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 105
    • 0034200343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing speed of response to ECT in major depression and adverse cognitive effects: Role of treatment schedule
    • Shapira, B.; Tubi, N.; Lerer, B. Balancing speed of response to ECT in major depression and adverse cognitive effects: role of treatment schedule. J. ECT, 2000, 16(2), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1097/00124509-200006000-00002
    • (2000) J. ECT , vol.16 , Issue.2
    • Shapira, B.1    Tubi, N.2    Lerer, B.3
  • 106
    • 0030800760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergism of lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of catatonia
    • Petrides, G.; Divadeenam, K.M.; Bush, G.; Francis, A. Synergism oflorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of catatonia. Biol. Psychiatry, 1997, 42(5), 375-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00378-2
    • (1997) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.42 , Issue.5
    • Petrides, G.1    Divadeenam, K.M.2    Bush, G.3    Francis, A.4
  • 107
    • 0027746181 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines and Electroconvulsive Therapy
    • Greenberg, R.M.; Pettinati, H.M. Benzodiazepines andElectroconvulsive Therapy. Convuls. Ther., 1993, 9(4), 262-273.
    • (1993) Convuls. Ther. , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 262-273
    • Greenberg, R.M.1    Pettinati, H.M.2
  • 109
    • 0022503150 scopus 로고
    • Mania associated with electroconvulsive therapy
    • Lewis, D.A.; Nasrallah, H.A. Mania associatedwith electroconvulsive therapy. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1986, 47(7), 366-367.
    • (1986) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 366-367
    • Lewis, D.A.1    Nasrallah, H.A.2
  • 110
    • 84883561457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term naturalistic follow-up of patients with bipolar depression and mixed state treated with electroconvulsive therapy
    • Medda, P.; Mauri, M.; Fratta, S.; Ciaponi, B.; Miniati, M.; Toni, C.; Dell’Osso, L.; Perugi, G. Long-term naturalistic follow-up of patients with bipolar depression and mixed state treated with electroconvulsive therapy. J. ECT, 2013, 29(3), 179-188. https:// doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e3182887b7a
    • (2013) J. ECT , vol.29 , Issue.3
    • Medda, P.1    Mauri, M.2    Fratta, S.3    Ciaponi, B.4    Miniati, M.5    Toni, C.6    Dell’Osso, L.7    Perugi, G.8
  • 112
    • 0036179509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of mood from below versus above baseline in bipolar disorder: A new nomenclature
    • Ketter, T.A.; Calabrese, J.R. Stabilization ofmood from below versus above baseline in bipolar disorder: a new nomenclature. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2002, 63(2), 146-151. https://doi.org/10.4088/ JCP.v63n0210
    • (2002) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.2
    • Ketter, T.A.1    Calabrese, J.R.2
  • 113
    • 33646558010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroconvulsive therapy: An effective therapy of medication-resistant bipolar disorder
    • Sienaert, P.; Peuskens, J. Electroconvulsive therapy: an effective therapy of medication-resistant bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord., 2006, 8(3), 304-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00317.x
    • (2006) Bipolar Disord. , vol.8 , Issue.3
    • Sienaert, P.1    Peuskens, J.2
  • 114
    • 79955053878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in rapidcycling bipolar disorder
    • Minnai, G.P.; Salis, P.G.; Oppo, R.; Loche, A.P.; Scano, F.; Tondo, L. Effectiveness ofmaintenance electroconvulsive therapy in rapidcycling bipolar disorder. J. ECT, 2011, 27(2), 123-126. https://doi. org/10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181dbf797
    • (2011) J. ECT , vol.27 , Issue.2
    • Minnai, G.P.1    Salis, P.G.2    Oppo, R.3    Loche, A.P.4    Scano, F.5    Tondo, L.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.