New treatment guidelines for acute bipolar depression: A systematic review

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 129, Issue 1-3, 2011, Pages 14-26

  Nivoli, Alessandra M A ^a,b   Colom, Francesc ^a   Murru, Andrea ^a   Pacchiarotti, Isabella ^a   Castro Loli, Piero ^a   González Pinto, Ana ^c   Fountoulakis, Kostas N ^d   Vieta, Eduard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASSARI   (Italy)

^c CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED DE SALUD MENTAL CIBERSAM   (Spain)

^d ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

Author keywords

Antimanic agent; Bipolar disorder; Depression; Guideline; Monotherapy

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ARIPIPRAZOLE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOZAPINE; FLUOXETINE; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; IMIPRAMINE; INOSITOL; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; MIRTAZAPINE; MODAFINIL; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; OLANZAPINE; PLACEBO; PRAMIPEXOLE; QUETIAPINE; RILUZOLE; RISPERIDONE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TOPIRAMATE; TRANQUILIZER; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; VENLAFAXINE; ZIPRASIDONE; ZONISAMIDE;

BIPOLAR DEPRESSION; CLINICAL RESEARCH; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONSENSUS; DEPRESSION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG SAFETY; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FAMILY THERAPY; HUMAN; HYPOMANIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MANIA; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MONOTHERAPY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOEDUCATION; PSYCHOTHERAPY; PUBLICATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; STRESS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHILD; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PSYCHOTHERAPY;

EID: 79851512805     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.05.018     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. H.S. Akiskal, and F. Benazzi Toward a clinical delineation of dysphoric hypomania - operational and conceptual dilemmas Bipolar Disord. 7 2005 456 464 (Pubitemid 41419413)
2. J. Amsterdam Efficacy and safety of venlafaxine in the treatment of bipolar II major depressive episode J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 18 1998 414 417 (Pubitemid 28462632)
3. J.D. Amsterdam, and F. Garcia-Espana Venlafaxine monotherapy in women with bipolar II and unipolar major depression J. Affect. Disord. 59 2000 225 229 (Pubitemid 30347545)
4. R.J. Baldessarini, and L. Tondo Does lithium treatment still work? Evidence of stable responses over three decades Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 57 2 2000 187 190 (Feb) (Pubitemid 30075271)
5. J.C. Ballenger The clinical use of carbamazepine in affective disorder J. Clin. Psychiat. 49 Suppl 4 1988 13 19
6. C. Blanco, M. Olfson, R.D. Goodwin, E. Ogburn, M.R. Liebowitz, E.V. Nunes, and D.S. Hasin Generalizability of clinical trial results for major depression to community samples: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions J. Clin. Psychiatry 69 2008 1276 1280
7. C.L. Bowden, J.R. Calabrese, G. Sachs, L.N. Yatham, S.A. Asghar, M. Hompland, P. Montgomery, N. Earl, T.M. Smoot, J. DeVeaugh-Geiss Lamictal 606 Study Group A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently manic or hypomanic patients with bipolar I disorder Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60 4 2003 392 400 (Apr) (Pubitemid 36403000)
8. E.B. Brown, S.L. McElroy, P.E. Keck Jr., A. Deldar, D.H. Adams, M. Tohen, and D.J. Williamson A 7-week, randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination versus lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar I depression J. Clin. Psychiatry 67 2006 1025 1033 (Pubitemid 44230872)
9. E. Brown, D.L. Dunner, S.L. McElroy, P.E. Keck, D.H. Adams, E. Degenhardt, M. Tohen, and J.P. Houston Olanzapine/fluoxetine combination vs. lamotrigine in the 6-month treatment of bipolar I depression Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008 1 10
10. J.R. Calabrese, C.L. Bowden, G. Sachs, L.N. Yatham, K. Behnke, O.P. Mehtonen, P. Montgomery, J. Ascher, W. Paska, N. Earl, J. DeVeaugh-Geiss Lamictal 605 Study Group A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently depressed patients with bipolar I disorder J. Clin. Psychiatry 64 2003 1013 1024 (Pubitemid 37158246)
11. J.R. Calabrese, C.L. Bowden, S.L. McElroy, J. Cookson, J. Andersen, P.E. Keck Jr, L. Rhodes, C. Bolden-Watson, J. Zhou, and J.A. Ascher Spectrum of activity of lamotrigine in treatment-refractory bipolar disorder Am. J. Psychiatry 156 1999 1019 1023 (Pubitemid 29302793)
12. J.R. Calabrese, M.D. Shelton, D.J. Rapport, S.E. Kimmel, and O. Elhaj Long-term treatment of bipolar disorder with lamotrigine J. Clin. Psychiatry 63 Suppl 10 2002 18 22 (Pubitemid 35155104)
13. J.R. Calabrese, S. Kasper, G. Johnson, O. Tajima, E. Vieta, L.N. Yatham, and A.H. International consensus group on bipolar I depression treatment guidelines J. Clin. Psychiatry 65 2004 571 579
14. J.R. Calabrese, P.E. Keck Jr., W. Macfadden, M. Minkwitz, T.A. Ketter, R.H. Weisler, A.J. Cutler, R. McCoy, E. Wilson, and J. Mullen A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression Am. J. Psychiatry 162 2005 1351 1360 (Pubitemid 40905587)
15. J.R. Calabrese, R.F. Huffman, R.L. White, S. Edwards, T.R. Thompson, J.A. Ascher, E.T. Monaghan, and R.A. Leadbetter Lamotrigine in the acute treatment of bipolar depression: results of five double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials Bipolar Disord. 10 2008 323 333 (Pubitemid 351637697)
16. F. Colom, and E. Vieta The road to DSM-V. Bipolar Disorder Episode and Course Specifiers Psychopathology 42 2009 209 218
17. L.L. Davis, A. Bartolucci, and F. Petty Divalproex in the treatment of bipolar depression: a placebo-controlled study J. Affect. Disord. 85 2005 259 266 (Pubitemid 40386509)
18. E.B. Dennehy, T. Suppes, A.J. Rush, A.L. Miller, M.H. Trivedi, M.L. Crismon, T.J. Carmody, and T.M. Kashner Does provider adherence to a treatment guideline change clinical outcomes for patients with bipolar disorder? Results from the Texas Medication Algorithm Project Psychol. Med. 35 2005 1695 1706 (Pubitemid 41672348)
19. M. Ferrer, A. Liapikou, M. Valencia, M. Esperatti, A. Theessen, J. Antonio Martinez, J. Mensa, and A. Torres Validation of the American Thoracic Society-Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit Clin. Infect. Dis 2010 10.1086/651075 (Feb)
20. K.N. Fountoulakis, and E. Vieta Treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review of available data and clinical perspectives Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 11 2008 999 1029
21. K.N. Fountoulakis, E. Vieta, J. Sanchez-Moreno, S.G. Kaprinis, J.M. Goikolea, and G.S. Kaprinis Treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder: a critical review J. Affect. Disord. 86 2005 1 10 (Pubitemid 40487954)
22. K.N. Fountoulakis, H. Grunze, P. Panagiotidis, and G. Kaprinis Treatment of bipolar depression: an update J. Affect. Disord. 109 2008 21 34 (Pubitemid 351707705)
23. M. Frye, T. Ketter, T.A. Kimbrell, R. Dunn, A. Speer, E. Osuch, D. Luckenbaugh, G. Cora-Locatelli, G. Leverich, and R. Post A placebo controlled study of lamotrigine and gabapentin monotherapy in refractory mood disorders J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 20 2000 607 614
24. J. Geddes, G. Goodwin, J. Rendell, J. Hainsworth, E. Van der Gucht, and H. Young New trial should clarify lithium use in bipolar disorder BMJ 325 7361 2002 441 (Aug 24) (Pubitemid 34969802)
25. J.R. Geddes, J.R. Calabrese, and G.M. Goodwin Lamotrigine for treatment of bipolar depression: independent meta-analysis and meta-regression of individual patient data from five randomised trials Br. J. Psychiatry 194 2009 4 9
26. S.N. Ghaemi, D.J. Hsu, F. Soldani, and F.K. Goodwin Antidepressants in bipolar disorder: the case for caution Bipolar Disord. 5 2003 421 433 (Pubitemid 38072244)
27. S.N. Ghaemi, W.S. Gilmer, J.F. Goldberg, B. Zablotsky, D.E. Kemp, M.E. Kelley, A.D. Bauer, J. Fleck, M.M. Filkowski, V.A. Stan, and R.T. Dunn Divalproex in the treatment of acute bipolar depression: a preliminary double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study J. Clin. Psychiatry 68 2007 1840 1844
28. S.N. Ghaemi, M. Bauer, F. Cassidy, G.S. Malhi, P. Mitchell, J. Phelps, E. Vieta, and E. Youngstrom ISBD, Diagnostic Guidelines Task Force. Diagnostic guidelines for bipolar disorder: a summary of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Diagnostic Guidelines Task Force Report Bipolar Disord. 10 2008 117 128
29. S.N. Ghaemi, A.P. Wingo, M.A. Filkowski, and R.J. Baldessarini Long-term antidepressant treatment in bipolar disorder: meta-analyses of benefits and risks Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 118 2008 347 356
30. H.J. Gijsman, J.R. Geddes, J.M. Rendell, W.A. Nolen, and G.M. Goodwin Antidepressants for bipolar depression: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials Am. J. Psychiatry 161 2004 1537 1547 (Pubitemid 39201448)
31. J.F. Goldberg, R.H. Perlis, S.N. Ghaemi, J.R. Calabrese, C.L. Bowden, S. Wisniewski, D.J. Miklowitz, G.S. Sachs, and M.E. Thase Adjunctive antidepressant use and symptomatic recovery among bipolar depressed patients with concomitant manic symptoms: findings from the STEP-BD Am. J. Psychiatry 164 2007 1348 1355 (Pubitemid 47461134)
32. A.M. Gonzalez-Pinto, R. Dardennes, M. De Zélicourt, P. López, R.G. Oliveros, E. Vieta, S. Barbeito, E. Echevarria, and F. Fagnani In-patient care costs of patients with bipolar I disorder: a comparison between two European centers J. Affect. Disord. 121 2010 152 155
33. G.M. Goodwin Consensus Group of the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology J. Psychopharmacol. 17 2003 149 173 (Pubitemid 36753531)
34. G.M. Goodwin Consensus Group of the British Association for Psychopharmacology Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: revised second edition-recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology Journal of Psychopharmacology J. Psychopharmacol. 23 2009 346 388
35. F.K. Goodwin, and K. Jamison Manic-depressive illness Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression 2nd Ed 2007 Oxford Press
36. G.M. Goodwin, I. Anderson, C. Arango, C.L. Bowden, C. Henry, P.B. Mitchell, W.A. Nolen, E. Vieta, and H.U. Wittchen ECNP consensus meeting. Bipolar depression. Nice, March 2007 Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 18 2008 535 549
37. H.C. Grunze Switching, induction of rapid cycling, and increased suicidality with antidepressants in bipolar patients: fact or overinterpretation? CNS Spectr. 13 2008 790 795
38. H. Grunze, S. Kasper, G.M. Goodwin, C. Bowden, D. Baldwin, R. Licht, E. Vieta, and H.J. Möller World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of bipolar disorders. Part I: Treatment of bipolar depression. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorders World J. Biol. Psychiatry 3 2002 115 124
39. H. Grunze, E. Vieta, G. Goodwin, C. Bowden, R.W. Licht, H.J. Moller, and S. Kasper The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the biological treatment of bipolar disorders: update 2009 on the treatment of acute mania World J. Biol. Psychiatry 10 2009 85 116
40. H. Grunze, E. Vieta, G.M. Goodwin, C. Bowden, R.W. Licht, H. Möller, S. Kasper WFSBP task Force on treatment guidelines for bipolar disorders The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: Update 2010 on the treatment of acute bipolar depression The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 11 2010 81 109
41. L.L. Judd, P.J. Schettler, H.S. Akiskal, W. Coryell, A.C. Leon, J.D. Maser, and D.A. Solomon Residual symptom recovery from major affective episodes in bipolar disorders and rapid episode relapse/recurrence Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 65 4 2008 386 394 (Apr) (Pubitemid 351519888)
42. S. Kasper, J.R. Calabrese, G. Johnson, O. Tajima, E. Vieta, A. Viguera, L.N. Yatham, and A.H. Young International Consensus Group on the Evidence-Based Pharmacological Treatment of Bipolar I and II Depression J. Clin. Psychiatry 69 2008 1632 1646
43. W. Katon, M. Von Korff, E. Lin, E. Walker, G.E. Simon, T. Bush, P. Robinson, and J. Russo Collaborative management to achieve treatment guidelines. Impact on depression in primary care JAMA. 273 13 1995 1026 1031 (Apr 5)
44. G.I. Keitner, M.A. Posternak, and C.E. Ryan How many subjects with major depressive disorder meet eligibility requirements of an antidepressant efficacy trial? J. Clin. Psychiatry 64 2003 1091 1093 (Pubitemid 37158255)
45. R.W. Kupka, L.L. Altshuler, W.A. Nolen, T. Suppes, D.A. Luckenbaugh, G.S. Leverich, M.A. Frye, P.E. Keck Jr, S.L. McElroy, H. Grunze, and R.M. Post Three times more days depressed than manic or hypomanic in both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder Bipolar Disord. 9 2007 531 535 (Pubitemid 47202517)
46. G.S. Leverich, L.L. Altshuler, M.A. Frye, T. Suppes, S.L. McElroy, P.E. Keck Jr., R.W. Kupka, K.D. Denicoff, W.A. Nolen, H. Grunze, M.I. Martinez, and R.M. Post Risk of switch in mood polarity to hypomania or mania in patients with bipolar depression during acute and continuation trials of venlafaxine, sertraline, and bupropion as adjuncts to mood stabilizers Am. J. Psychiatry 163 2006 232 239 (Pubitemid 44480842)
47. S.L. McElroy, A.H. Young, A. Carlsson, B. Olausson, A. Nordenhem, B. Paulsson, and M. Brecher A double-blind, placebo-controlled study with acute and continuation phase of quetiapine and paroxetine in adults with bipolar deprsssion (EMBOLDEN II) Bipolar Disord. 10 2008 1 59 (suppl)
48. S.L. McElroy, R.H. Weisler, W. Chang, B. Olausson, B. Paulsson, M. Brecher, V. Agambaram, C. Merideth, A. Nordenhem, A.H. Young for the EMBOLDEN II (Trial D1447C00134) Investigators A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine and paroxetine as monotherapy in adults with bipolar depression (EMBOLDEN II) J. Clin. Psychiatry 71 2010 163 174
49. R.S. McIntyre, D.A. Mancini, S. McCann, J. Srinivasan, D. Sagman, and S.H. Kennedy Topiramate versus bupropion SR when added to mood stabilizer therapy for the depressive phase of bipolar disorder: a preliminary single-blind study Bipolar Disord. 4 2002 207 213 (Pubitemid 34591247)
50. D.B. Montgomery European College of Neuropsychopharmacology ECNP Consensus Meeting March 2000 Nice: guidelines for investigating efficacy in bipolar disorder Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1 2001 79 88 (Feb 11)
51. C.B. Nemeroff, D.L. Evans, L. Gyulai, G.S. Sachs, C.L. Bowden, I.P. Gergel, R. Oakes, and C.D. Pitts Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine and paroxetine in the treatment of bipolar depression Am. J. Psychiatry 158 2001 906 912 (Pubitemid 32547620)
52. NICE clinical guidelines. Bipolar disorder. The management of bipolar disorder in adults, children and adolescents, in primary and secondary care. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, update 2009.
53. I. Pacchiarotti, L. Mazzarini, F. Colom, J. Sanchez-Moreno, P. Girardi, G.D. Kotzalidis, and E. Vieta Treatment-resistant bipolar depression: towards a new definition Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 120 6 2009 429 440 (Dec)
54. R.H. Perlis Use of treatment guidelines in clinical decision making in bipolar disorder: a pilot survey of clinicians Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 23 2007 467 475 (Pubitemid 46456895)
55. R.M. Post, L.L. Altshuler, G.S. Leverich, M.A. Frye, W.A. Nolen, R.W. Kupka, T. Suppes, S. McElroy, P.E. Keck, K.D. Denicoff, H. Grunze, J. Walden, C.M. Kitchen, and J. Mintz Mood switch in bipolar depression: comparison of adjunctive venlafaxine, bupropion and sertraline Br. J. Psychiatry 189 2006 124 131 (Pubitemid 44231270)
56. G.S. Sachs, B. Lafer, A.L. Stoll, M. Banov, A.B. Thibault, M. Tohen, and J.F. Rosenbaum A double-blind trial of bupropion versus desipramine for bipolar depression J. Clin. Psychiatry 55 1994 391 393 (Pubitemid 24337995)
57. G. Sachs, M.A. Collins, L. Altshuler, T. Ketter, T. Suppes, N. Rasgon, M. Frye, P. Wozniak, K. Tracy, and K.W. Sommerville Divalproex sodium versus placebo for the treatment of bipolar depression APA 2002 Syllabus & Proceedings Summary 2002
58. G.S. Sachs, A.A. Nierenberg, J.R. Calabrese, L.B. Marangell, S.R. Wisniewski, L. Gyulai, E.S. Friedman, C.L. Bowden, M.D. Fossey, M.J. Ostacher, T.A. Ketter, J. Patel, P. Hauser, D. Rapport, J.M. Martinez, M.H. Allen, D.J. Miklowitz, M.W. Otto, E.B. Dennehy, and M.E. Thase Effectiveness of adjunctive antidepressant treatment for bipolar depression N Engl J. Med. 356 2007 1711 1722 (Pubitemid 46658703)
59. L.A. Smith, V. Cornelius, A. Warnock, A. Bell, and A.H. Young Effectiveness of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in the maintenance phase of bipolar disorder: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials Bipolar Disord. 9 4 2007 394 412 (Jun) (Pubitemid 46876306)
60. K.N. Sokolski, and T.F. Denson Adjunctive quetiapine in bipolar patients partially responsive to lithium or valproate Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 27 2003 863 866 (Pubitemid 36966769)
61. T. Suppes, D.I. Kelly, P.E. Keck Jr., S.L. McElroy, L.L. Altshuler, J. Mintz, M.A. Frye, W.A. Nolen, D.A. Luckenbaugh, R.M. Post, G.S. Leverich, R.W. Kupka, and H. Grunze Quetiapine for the continuation treatment of bipolar depression: naturalistic prospective case series from the Stanley Bipolar Treatment Network Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 22 2007 376 381 (Pubitemid 47530843)
62. M.E. Thase, W. Macfadden, R.H. Weisler, W. Chang, B. Paulsson, A. Khan, and J.R. Calabrese Efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in bipolar I and II depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (the BOLDER II study) J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 26 2006 600 609 (Pubitemid 44772737)
63. M. Tohen, E. Vieta, J. Calabrese, T.A. Ketter, G. Sachs, C. Bowden, P.B. Mitchell, F. Centorrino, R. Risser, R.W. Baker, A.R. Evans, K. Beymer, S. Dube, G.D. Tollefson, and A. Breier Efficacy of olanzapine and olanzapine-fluoxetine combination in the treatment of bipolar I depression Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60 2003 1079 1088 (Pubitemid 37429647)
64. M.L. Van der Loos, P.G. Mulder, E.G. Hartong, M.B. Blom, A.C. Vergouwen, H.J. de Keyzer, P.J. Notten, M.L. Luteijn, M.A. Timmermans, E. Vieta, W.A. Nolen LamLit Study Group Efficacy and safety of lamotrigine as add-on treatment to lithium in bipolar depression: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial J. Clin. Psychiatry 70 2009 223 231
65. E. Vieta Antidepressant in bipolar depression Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 118 2008 335 336
66. E. Vieta New guidelines for bipolar disorders World J. Biol. Psychiatry 10 2009 82 84
67. E. Vieta, and M.L. Phillips Deconstructing bipolar disorder: a critical review of its diagnostic validity and a proposal for DSM-V and ICD-11 Schizophr. Bull. 33 2007 886 892 (Pubitemid 47216658)
68. E. Vieta, and T. Suppes Bipolar II disorder: arguments for and against a distinct diagnostic entity Bipolar Disord. 10 2008 163 178
69. E. Vieta, A. Martinez-Aran, J.M. Goikolea, C. Torrent, F. Colom, A. Benabarre, and M. Reinares A randomized trial comparing paroxetine and venlafaxine in the treatment of bipolar depressed patients taking mood stabilizers J. Clin. Psychiatry 63 2002 508 512 (Pubitemid 34680359)
70. E. Vieta, W.A. Nolen, H. Grunze, R.W. Licht, and G. Goodwin A European perspective on the Canadian guidelines for bipolar disorder Bipolar Disord. 7 Suppl 3 2005 73 76 (Pubitemid 41065250)
71. E. Vieta, J. Sánchez-Moreno, and B. Amann International therapeutic guidelines for bipolar disorder Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 22 suppl 1 2007 29 37
72. R.H. Weisler, J.R. Calabrese, M.E. Thase, R. Arvekvist, G. Stening, B. Paulsson, and T. Suppes Efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy for the treatment of depressive episodes in bipolar I disorder: a post hoc analysis of combined results from 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies J. Clin. Psychiatry 69 2008 769 782 (Pubitemid 351838686)
73. L.N. Yatham, S.H. Kennedy, C. O'Donovan, S.V. Parikh, G. MacQueen, R.S. McIntyre, V. Sharma, S. Beaulieu Guidelines Group, CANMAT Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2007 Bipolar Disord. 8 2006 721 739 (Pubitemid 44824712)
74. L.N. Yatham, S.H. Kennedy, A. Schaffer, S.V. Parikh, S. Beaulieu, C. O'Donovan, G. MacQueen, R.S. McIntyre, V. Sharma, A. Ravindran, L.T. Young, A.H. Young, M. Alda, R. Milev, E. Vieta, J.R. Calabrese, M. Berk, K. Ha, and F. Kapczinski Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2009 Bipolar Disord. 11 2009 225 255
75. L.T. Young, R.T. Joffe, J.C. Robb, G.M. MacQueen, M. Marriott, and I. Patelis-Siotis Double-blind comparison of addition of a second mood stabilizer versus an antidepressant to an initial mood stabilizer for treatment of patients with bipolar depression Am. J. Psychiatry 157 2000 124 126 (Pubitemid 30027433)
76. A.H. Young, A. Carlsson, B. Olausson, B. Paulsson, and M. Brecher A double-blind, placebo controlled study with acute and continuation phase of quetiapine and lithium in adults with bipolar depression (EmboldenI) Bipolar Disord. 10 2008 1 451 (Suppl)
77. Z.J. Zhang, Q.R. Tan, Y. Tong, Q. Li, W.H. Kang, X.C. Zhen, and R.M. Post The effectiveness of carbamazepine in unipolar depression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study J. Affect. Disord. 109 1-2 2008 91 97 (Jul)