메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 15-28

Delirious mania: Detection, diagnosis, and clinical management in the acute setting

Author keywords

Bell's mania; catatonia; delirious mania; diagnosis; electroconvulsive therapy; lorazepam; management; treatment

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; ATENOLOL; BENZODIAZEPINE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CLONAZEPAM; DIAZEPAM; ESMOLOL; LABETALOL; LEFLUNOMIDE; LISINOPRIL; LORAZEPAM; MOOD STABILIZER; OLANZAPINE; PROPOFOL; TRAZODONE; VALPROIC ACID; VENLAFAXINE;

EID: 84873807126     PISSN: 15274160     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.pra.0000426324.67322.06     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0033188198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirious mania
    • Fink M. Delirious mania. Bipolar Disord 1999;1:54-60
    • (1999) Bipolar Disord , vol.1 , pp. 54-60
    • Fink, M.1
  • 4
    • 0002634449 scopus 로고
    • On a form of disease resembling some advanced stage of mania and fever
    • Bell L. On a form of disease resembling some advanced stage of mania and fever. Am J Insanity 1849;6:97-127
    • (1849) Am J Insanity , vol.6 , pp. 97-127
    • Bell, L.1
  • 8
    • 0042978721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catatonia in psychiatric classification: A home of its own
    • Taylor MA, Fink M. Catatonia in psychiatric classification: A home of its own. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:1233-41
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 1233-1241
    • Taylor, M.A.1    Fink, M.2
  • 9
    • 0015579453 scopus 로고
    • The stages of mania a longitudinal analysis of the manic episode
    • Carlson GA, Goodwin FK. The stages of mania. A longitudinal analysis of the manic episode. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;28:221-8
    • (1973) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 221-228
    • Carlson, G.A.1    Goodwin, F.K.2
  • 10
    • 0029999439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of and risk factors for delirium among psychiatric inpatients
    • Ritchie J, Steiner W, Abrahamowicz M. Incidence of and risk factors for delirium among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr Serv 1996;47:727-30
    • (1996) Psychiatr Serv , vol.47 , pp. 727-730
    • Ritchie, J.1    Steiner, W.2    Abrahamowicz, M.3
  • 11
    • 0037356947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medically and psychiatrically ill: The challenge of delirious mania
    • Friedman RS, Mufson MJ, Eisenberg TD, et al. Medically and psychiatrically ill: The challenge of delirious mania. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2003;11:91-8
    • (2003) Harv Rev Psychiatry , vol.11 , pp. 91-98
    • Friedman, R.S.1    Mufson, M.J.2    Eisenberg, T.D.3
  • 12
    • 0029130482 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic pathways and the ascending reticular activating system of the human brain
    • Mesulam MM. Cholinergic pathways and the ascending reticular activating system of the human brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;757:169-79
    • (1995) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.757 , pp. 169-179
    • Mesulam, M.M.1
  • 15
    • 0034167698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a final common neural pathway in delirium? Focus on acetylcholine and dopamine
    • Trzepacz PT. Is there a final common neural pathway in delirium? Focus on acetylcholine and dopamine. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 2000;5:132-48
    • (2000) Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry , vol.5 , pp. 132-148
    • Trzepacz, P.T.1
  • 16
    • 77952136563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine-dopamine interactions in the pathophysiology and treatment of CNS disorders
    • Lester DB, Rogers TD, Blaha CD. Acetylcholine-dopamine interactions in the pathophysiology and treatment of CNS disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2010;16:137-62
    • (2010) CNS Neurosci Ther , Issue.16 , pp. 137-162
    • Lester, D.B.1    Rogers, T.D.2    Blaha, C.D.3
  • 17
    • 53349172088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathoetiological model of delirium: A comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology of delirium and an evidence-based approach to prevention and treatment
    • Maldonado Jr. Pathoetiological model of delirium: A comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology of delirium and an evidence-based approach to prevention and treatment. Crit Care Clin 2008;24:789-856, ix
    • (2008) Crit Care Clin , vol.24 , pp. 789-856
    • Maldonado, J.R.1
  • 18
    • 0034170691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin and amiacids Partners in delirium pathophysiology?
    • van der Mast RC, Fekkes D. Serotonin and amino acids: Partners in delirium pathophysiology? Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 2000;5:125-31
    • (2005) Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry , pp. 125-131
    • Van Der Mast, R.C.1    Fekkes, D.2
  • 19
    • 0025869797 scopus 로고
    • The serotonin syndrome
    • Sternbach H. The serotonin syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:705-13
    • (1991) Am J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 705-713
    • Sternbach, H.1
  • 20
    • 38449099231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine dysregulation syndrome: Implications for a dopamine hypothesis of bipolar disorder
    • Berk M, Dodd S, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, et al. Dopamine dysregulation syndrome: Implications for a dopamine hypothesis of bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 2007; 434:41-9
    • (2007) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl , vol.434 , pp. 41-49
    • Berk, M.1    Dodd, S.2    Kauer-Sant'Anna, M.3
  • 21
    • 0031690726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoamine dysfunction and the pathophysiology and treatment of depression
    • Charney DS. Monoamine dysfunction and the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:11-4
    • (1998) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 11-14
    • Charney, D.S.1
  • 22
    • 0037114884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicidality, impulsivity and aggression-is there a link to 5HIAA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid?
    • Roggenbach J, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Franke L. Suicidality, impulsivity and aggression - is there a link to 5HIAA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid? Psychiatry Res 2002;113:193-206
    • (2002) Psychiatry Res , vol.113 , pp. 193-206
    • Roggenbach, J.1    Muller-Oerlinghausen, B.2    Franke, L.3
  • 23
    • 77049103082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional impact of biological rhythm disturbance in bipolar disorder
    • Giglio LM, Magalhaes PV, Kapczinski NS, et al. Functional impact of biological rhythm disturbance in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2010;44:220-3
    • (2010) J Psychiatr Res , Issue.44 , pp. 220-223
    • Giglio, L.M.1    Magalhaes, P.V.2    Kapczinski, N.S.3
  • 24
    • 43649083084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives
    • Arts B, Jabben N, Krabbendam L, et al. Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives. Psychol Med 2008;38:771-85
    • (2008) Psychol Med , vol.38 , pp. 771-785
    • Arts, B.1    Jabben, N.2    Krabbendam, L.3
  • 25
    • 33744525345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metaanalysis of cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder
    • Robinson LJ, Thompson JM, Gallagher P, et al. A metaanalysis of cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2006;93:105-15
    • (2006) J Affect Disord , vol.93 , pp. 105-115
    • Robinson, L.J.1    Thompson, J.M.2    Gallagher, P.3
  • 26
    • 73549121544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catatonia: Clinical aspects and neurobiological correlates
    • Daniels J. Catatonia: Clinical aspects and neurobiological correlates. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009;21: 371-80
    • (2009) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 371-380
    • Daniels, J.1
  • 27
    • 78650485010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiopathogenesis of catatonia: Generalizations and working hypotheses
    • Dhossche DM, Stoppelbein L, Rout UK. Etiopathogenesis of catatonia: Generalizations and working hypotheses. J ECT 2010;26:253-8
    • (2010) J ECT , Issue.26 , pp. 253-258
    • Dhossche, D.M.1    Stoppelbein, L.2    Rout, U.K.3
  • 28
    • 0032837458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased density of GABA-A receptors in the left sensorimotor cortex in akinetic catatonia: Investigation of in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding
    • Northoff G, Steinke R, Czcervenka C, et al. Decreased density of GABA-A receptors in the left sensorimotor cortex in akinetic catatonia: Investigation of in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67: 445-50
    • (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.67 , pp. 445-450
    • Northoff, G.1    Steinke, R.2    Czcervenka, C.3
  • 29
    • 0036932274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Psychopathology and pathophysiology
    • Northoff G. Catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Psychopathology and pathophysiology. J Neural Transm 2002;109:1453-67
    • (2002) J Neural Transm , vol.109 , pp. 1453-1467
    • Northoff, G.1
  • 30
    • 0018856783 scopus 로고
    • Recognition of acute delirious mania
    • Bond TC. Recognition of acute delirious mania. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37:553-4
    • (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 553-554
    • Bond, T.C.1
  • 31
    • 45849148067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirious mania: Clinical features and treatment response
    • Karmacharya R, England ML, Ongur D. Delirious mania: Clinical features and treatment response. J Affect Disord 2008;109:312-6
    • (2008) J Affect Disord , vol.109 , pp. 312-316
    • Karmacharya, R.1    England, M.L.2    Ongur, D.3
  • 32
    • 84870469320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. 4th Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Associ - ation; 2000
    • (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 33
    • 0020065764 scopus 로고
    • The differential diagnosis of catatonic states
    • Stoudemire A. The differential diagnosis of catatonic states. Psychosomatics 1982;23:245-52
    • (1982) Psychosomatics , vol.23 , pp. 245-252
    • Stoudemire, A.1
  • 35
    • 61449262751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delirious mania and malignant catatonia: A report of 3 cases and review
    • Detweiler MB, Mehra A, Rowell T, et al. Delirious mania and malignant catatonia: A report of 3 cases and review. Psychiatr Q 2009;80:23-40
    • (2009) Psychiatr Q , vol.80 , pp. 23-40
    • Detweiler, M.B.1    Mehra, A.2    Rowell, T.3
  • 36
    • 67650901172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurring episodes of Bell's mania after cerebrovascular accident
    • Bobo WV, Murphy MJ, Heckers SH. Recurring episodes of Bell's mania after cerebrovascular accident. Psycho - somatics 2009;50:285-8
    • (2009) Psycho - somatics , vol.50 , pp. 285-288
    • Bobo, W.V.1    Murphy, M.J.2    Heckers, S.H.3
  • 38
    • 78650469067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electro - convulsive therapy in the treatment of delirious mania: A report of 2 patients
    • Danivas V, Behere RV, Varambally S, et al. Electro - convulsive therapy in the treatment of delirious mania: A report of 2 patients. J ECT 2010;26:278-9
    • (2010) J ECT , Issue.26 , pp. 278-279
    • Danivas, V.1    Behere, R.V.2    Varambally, S.3
  • 39
    • 0034277117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of ECT against delirium during an episode of bipolar disorder: A case report
    • Hirose S, Horie T. Effectiveness of ECT against delirium during an episode of bipolar disorder: A case report. J ECT 2000;16:316-7
    • (2000) J ECT , vol.16 , pp. 316-317
    • Hirose, S.1    Horie, T.2
  • 40
    • 0030947564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECT in acute delirium and related clinical states
    • Stromgren LS. ECT in acute delirium and related clinical states. Convuls Ther 1997;13:10-7
    • (1997) Convuls Ther , vol.13 , pp. 10-17
    • Stromgren, L.S.1
  • 42
    • 0030939998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric presentations of medical illness
    • Marsh CM. Psychiatric presentations of medical illness. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20:181-204
    • (1997) Psychiatr Clin North Am , vol.20 , pp. 181-204
    • Marsh, C.M.1
  • 45
    • 0031027811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catatonia associated with lorazepam withdrawal
    • Glover SG, Escalona R, Bishop J, et al. Catatonia associated with lorazepam withdrawal. Psychosomatics 1997;38: 148-50
    • (1997) Psychosomatics , vol.38 , pp. 148-150
    • Glover, S.G.1    Escalona, R.2    Bishop, J.3
  • 46
    • 0029916688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catatonia I Rating scale and standardized examination
    • Bush G, Fink M, Petrides G, et al. Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996;93:129-36
    • (1996) Acta Psychiatr Scand , Issue.93 , pp. 129-136
    • Bush, G.1    Fink, M.2    Petrides, G.3
  • 47
    • 0034020133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The catatonia rating scale I - development, reliability, and use
    • Braunig P, Kruger S, Shugar G, et al. The catatonia rating scale I - development, reliability, and use. Compr Psychiatry 2000;41:147-58
    • (2000) Compr Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 147-158
    • Braunig, P.1    Kruger, S.2    Shugar, G.3
  • 48
    • 0033430094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catatonia as a psychomotor syndrome: A rating scale and extrapyramidal motor symptoms
    • Northoff G, Koch A, Wenke J, et al. Catatonia as a psychomotor syndrome: A rating scale and extrapyramidal motor symptoms. Mov Disord 1999;14:404-16
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , pp. 404-416
    • Northoff, G.1    Koch, A.2    Wenke, J.3
  • 49
    • 0025979650 scopus 로고
    • Motor, volitional and behavioural disorders in schizophrenia 1: Assessment using the modified rogers scale
    • Lund CE, Mortimer AM, Rogers D, et al. Motor, volitional and behavioural disorders in schizophrenia. 1: Assessment using the Modified Rogers Scale. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158:323-6
    • (1991) Br J Psychiatry , Issue.158 , pp. 323-326
    • Lund, C.E.1    Mortimer, A.M.2    Rogers, D.3
  • 50
    • 0035280670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor features in psychotic disorders II Development of diagnostic criteria for catatonia
    • Peralta V, Cuesta MJ. Motor features in psychotic disorders. II. Development of diagnostic criteria for catatonia. Schizophr Res 2001;47:117-26
    • (2001) Schizophr Res , vol.47 , pp. 117-126
    • Peralta, V.1    Cuesta, M.J.2
  • 51
    • 78650630311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in bioanalytical methods for the determination and quantification of club drugs 2000-2010
    • Brown SD, Melton TC. Trends in bioanalytical methods for the determination and quantification of club drugs: 2000-2010. Biomed Chromatogr 2011;25:300-21
    • (2011) Biomed Chromatogr , Issue.25 , pp. 300-321
    • Brown, S.D.1    Melton, T.C.2
  • 52
    • 77649181281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Typology of club drug use among young adults recruited using time-space sampling
    • Ramo DE, Grov C, Delucchi K, et al. Typology of club drug use among young adults recruited using time-space sampling. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010;107:119-27
    • (2010) Drug Alcohol Depend , Issue.107 , pp. 119-127
    • Ramo, D.E.1    Grov, C.2    Delucchi, K.3
  • 53
    • 12444343726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary on: Severe manifestations of coricidin intoxication
    • Bobo WV, Fulton RB. Commentary on: Severe manifestations of coricidin intoxication. Am J Emerg Med 2004; 22:624-5
    • (2004) Am J Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 624-625
    • Bobo, W.V.1    Fulton, R.B.2
  • 54
    • 80051687424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense products
    • Penn HJ, Langman LJ, Unold D, et al. Detection of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense products. Clin Biochem 2011;44:1163-5
    • (2011) Clin Biochem , Issue.44 , pp. 1163-1165
    • Penn, H.J.1    Langman, L.J.2    Unold, D.3
  • 55
    • 17644391292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychomotor disturbances in psychiatric inpatients: A clinical study
    • Oulis P, Lykouras L, Gournellis R, et al. Psychomotor disturbances in psychiatric inpatients: A clinical study. Acta Psychiatr Belg 1997;97:181-91
    • (1997) Acta Psychiatr Belg , vol.97 , pp. 181-191
    • Oulis, P.1    Lykouras, L.2    Gournellis, R.3
  • 56
    • 0034795535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kahlbaum's catatonia revisited
    • Carroll BT. Kahlbaum's catatonia revisited. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;55:431-6
    • (2001) Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.55 , pp. 431-436
    • Carroll, B.T.1
  • 57
    • 0019454811 scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of mania
    • Klerman GL. The spectrum of mania. Compr Psychiatry 1981;22:11-20
    • (1981) Compr Psychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 11-20
    • Klerman, G.L.1
  • 58
    • 0025054004 scopus 로고
    • Catatonic syndrome in a general psychiatric inpatient population: Frequency, clinical presentation, and response to lorazepam
    • Rosebush PI, Hildebrand AM, Furlong BG, et al. Catatonic syndrome in a general psychiatric inpatient population: Frequency, clinical presentation, and response to lorazepam. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51:357-62
    • (1990) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 357-362
    • Rosebush, P.I.1    Hildebrand, A.M.2    Furlong, B.G.3
  • 59
    • 0025342460 scopus 로고
    • Catatonia. A review of the behavioral neurologic syndrome
    • Taylor MA. Catatonia. A review of the behavioral neurologic syndrome. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1990;3:48-72
    • (1990) Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 48-72
    • Taylor, M.A.1
  • 60
    • 70350644890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The catatonia syndrome: Forgotten but not gone
    • Fink M, Taylor MA. The catatonia syndrome: Forgotten but not gone. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66:1173-7
    • (2009) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 1173-1177
    • Fink, M.1    Taylor, M.A.2
  • 62
    • 45749124486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dread complications of catatonia: A case discussion and review of the literature
    • Gross AF, Smith FA, Stern TA. Dread complications of catatonia: A case discussion and review of the literature. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2008;10:153-5
    • (2008) Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 153-155
    • Gross, A.F.1    Smith, F.A.2    Stern, T.A.3
  • 63
  • 65
    • 0024494998 scopus 로고
    • Mortality from neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • Shalev A, Hermesh H, Munitz H. Mortality from neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50: 18-25
    • (1989) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 18-25
    • Shalev, A.1    Hermesh, H.2    Munitz, H.3
  • 66
    • 27644562392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of serotonin toxicity in animals and humans: Implications for diagnosis and treatment
    • Isbister GK, Buckley NA. The pathophysiology of serotonin toxicity in animals and humans: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Clin Neuropharmacol 2005;28: 205-14
    • (2005) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 205-214
    • Isbister, G.K.1    Buckley, N.A.2
  • 67
    • 0023279261 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Review and analysis of 115 cases
    • Addonizio G, Susman VL, Roth SD. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Review and analysis of 115 cases. Biol Psychiatry 1987;22:1004-20
    • (1987) Biol Psychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 1004-1020
    • Addonizio, G.1    Susman, V.L.2    Roth, S.D.3
  • 68
    • 0023009298 scopus 로고
    • Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in 82 consecutive inpatients
    • Addonizio G, Susman VL, Roth SD. Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in 82 consecutive inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 1986;143:1587-90
    • (1986) Am J Psychiatry , vol.143 , pp. 1587-1590
    • Addonizio, G.1    Susman, V.L.2    Roth, S.D.3
  • 69
    • 0022370639 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • Levenson JL. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:1137-45
    • (1985) Am J Psychiatry , vol.142 , pp. 1137-1145
    • Levenson, J.L.1
  • 70
    • 79952736688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The serotonin syndrome - The need for physician's awareness
    • Arora B, Kannikeswaran N. The serotonin syndrome - The need for physician's awareness. Int J Emerg Med 2010; 3:373-7
    • (2010) Int J Emerg Med , Issue.3 , pp. 373-377
    • Arora, B.1    Kannikeswaran, N.2
  • 71
    • 0026022224 scopus 로고
    • Catatonia: Harbinger of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • White DA, Robins AH. Catatonia: Harbinger of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 1991;158: 419-21
    • (1991) Br J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 419-421
    • White, D.A.1    Robins, A.H.2
  • 72
    • 0022469535 scopus 로고
    • The neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Agent and host interaction
    • Shalev A, Munitz H. The neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Agent and host interaction. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1986; 73:337-47
    • (1986) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.73 , pp. 337-347
    • Shalev, A.1    Munitz, H.2
  • 73
    • 0032532192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and pharmacologic risk factors for neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case-control study
    • Berardi D, Amore M, Keck PE, Jr., et al. Clinical and pharmacologic risk factors for neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case-control study. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44: 748-54
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 748-754
    • Berardi, D.1    Amore, M.2    Keck Jr., P.E.3
  • 77
    • 0032951356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with delirium
    • American Psychiatric Association American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with delirium. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1-20 American Psychiatric Association
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1-20
  • 79
    • 24944461886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guide to anaesthetic selection for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Wagner KJ, Mollenberg O, Rentrop M, et al. Guide to anaesthetic selection for electroconvulsive therapy. CNS Drugs 2005;19:745-58
    • (2005) CNS Drugs , vol.19 , pp. 745-758
    • Wagner, K.J.1    Mollenberg, O.2    Rentrop, M.3
  • 80
    • 0029095877 scopus 로고
    • The comparative effects of methohexital, propofol, and etomidate for electroconvulsive therapy
    • Avramov MN, Husain MM, White PF. The comparative effects of methohexital, propofol, and etomidate for electroconvulsive therapy. Anesth Analg 1995;81:596-602
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , pp. 596-602
    • Avramov, M.N.1    Husain, M.M.2    White, P.F.3
  • 81
    • 0031807977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic induction for ECT with etomidate is associated with longer seizure duration than thiopentone
    • Saffer S, Berk M. Anesthetic induction for ECT with etomidate is associated with longer seizure duration than thiopentone. J ECT 1998;14:89-93
    • (1998) J ECT , vol.14 , pp. 89-93
    • Saffer, S.1    Berk, M.2
  • 82
    • 0037412785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of seizure duration, ictal EEG, and cognitive effects of ketamine and methohexital anesthesia with ECT
    • Krystal AD, Weiner RD, Dean MD, et al. Comparison of seizure duration, ictal EEG, and cognitive effects of ketamine and methohexital anesthesia with ECT. J Neuro - psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2003;15:27-34
    • (2003) J Neuro - psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 27-34
    • Krystal, A.D.1    Weiner, R.D.2    Dean, M.D.3
  • 83
    • 77956463631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmentation strategies in electroconvulsive therapy
    • Loo C, Simpson B, MacPherson R. Augmentation strategies in electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT 2010;26:202-7
    • (2010) J ECT , Issue.26 , pp. 202-207
    • Loo, C.1    Simpson, B.2    MacPherson, R.3
  • 84
    • 24944518446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of catatonia
    • Van Den Eede F, Van Hecke J, Van Dalfsen A, et al. The use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of catatonia. Eur Psychiatry 2005;20:422-9
    • (2005) Eur Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 422-429
    • Van Den Eede, F.1    Van Hecke, J.2    Van Dalfsen, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.