메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2015, Issue 8, 2015, Pages

Short-course versus prolonged-course antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84991203350     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007577.pub3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (140)

References (98)
  • 1
    • 84865646619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults randomized clinical trial: comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic treatment
    • Capellier G, Mockly H, Charpentier C, Annane D, Blasco G, Desmettre T, et al. Early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults randomized clinical trial: comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic treatment. PloS One 2012;7(8):e41290.
    • (2012) PloS One , vol.7 , Issue.8
    • Capellier, G.1    Mockly, H.2    Charpentier, C.3    Annane, D.4    Blasco, G.5    Desmettre, T.6
  • 2
    • 0345283255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial
    • Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, Chevret S, Thomas F, Wermert D, et al. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003;290(19):2588-98.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , Issue.19 , pp. 2588-2598
    • Chastre, J.1    Wolff, M.2    Fagon, J.Y.3    Chevret, S.4    Thomas, F.5    Wermert, D.6
  • 4
    • 84868667406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of 7-day doripenem versus 10-day imipenem-cilastatin for ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Kollef M, Chastre J, Restrepo M, Michiels B, Kaniga K, Cirillo I, et al. A randomized trial of 7-day doripenem versus 10-day imipenem-cilastatin for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Critical Care 2012;16:R218.
    • (2012) Critical Care , vol.16 , pp. R218
    • Kollef, M.1    Chastre, J.2    Restrepo, M.3    Michiels, B.4    Kaniga, K.5    Cirillo, I.6
  • 5
    • 85041516168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment for the ventilator-associated pneumonia: 8 vs. 12 days randomized trial preliminary data
    • Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Chicago, IL.
    • Medina JC, Perez Protto SE, Paciel D, Pontet J, Saldun P, Berro M. Antibiotic treatment for the ventilator-associated pneumonia: 8 vs. 12 days randomized trial preliminary data. Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Chicago, IL. 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Medina, J.C.1    Perez Protto, S.E.2    Paciel, D.3    Pontet, J.4    Saldun, P.5    Berro, M.6
  • 6
    • 0033837067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription
    • Singh N, Rogers P, Atwood CW, Wagener MM, Yu VL. Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;162:505-11.
    • (2000) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , vol.162 , pp. 505-511
    • Singh, N.1    Rogers, P.2    Atwood, C.W.3    Wagener, M.M.4    Yu, V.L.5
  • 7
    • 75949113583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients' exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Tubach F, Cracco C, Alvarez A, Schwebel C, et al. Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients' exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375(9713):463-74.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , Issue.9713 , pp. 463-474
    • Bouadma, L.1    Luyt, C.E.2    Tubach, F.3    Cracco, C.4    Alvarez, A.5    Schwebel, C.6
  • 8
    • 0035434466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of quantitative and qualitative pathogen culture on the outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Cai S, Zhang J, Qian G. Impact of quantitative and qualitative pathogen culture on the outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2001;24(8):494-7.
    • (2001) Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 494-497
    • Cai, S.1    Zhang, J.2    Qian, G.3
  • 9
    • 33845693544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A randomized trial of diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine 2006;355(25):2619-30.
    • (2006) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.355 , Issue.25 , pp. 2619-2630
  • 10
    • 0142240731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two durations of antibiotic therapy to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
    • American Thoracic Society Meeting, Seattle, Washington. :
    • Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, Chevret S. Comparison of two durations of antibiotic therapy to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). American Thoracic Society Meeting, Seattle, Washington. 2003:A015.
    • (2003) , pp. A015
    • Chastre, J.1    Wolff, M.2    Fagon, J.Y.3    Chevret, S.4
  • 11
    • 18144435904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. A randomized trial
    • Fagon JY, Chastre J, Wolff M, Gervais C, Parer-Aubas S, Stéphan F, et al. Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2000;132(8):621-30.
    • (2000) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.132 , Issue.8 , pp. 621-630
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Wolff, M.3    Gervais, C.4    Parer-Aubas, S.5    Stéphan, F.6
  • 12
    • 67650917117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin to guide duration of antibiotic therapy in intensive care patients: a randomized prospective controlled trial
    • Hochreiter M, Köhler T, Schweiger AM, Keck FS, Bein B, von Spiegel T, et al. Procalcitonin to guide duration of antibiotic therapy in intensive care patients: a randomized prospective controlled trial. Critical Care 2009;13(3):R83.
    • (2009) Critical Care , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. R83
    • Hochreiter, M.1    Köhler, T.2    Schweiger, A.M.3    Keck, F.S.4    Bein, B.5    von Spiegel, T.6
  • 14
    • 85041542955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De-escalation of antibiotics in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia
    • Respirology
    • Kim JW, Chung J, Jang HJ, Hong SB, Lim CM, Koh Y. De-escalation of antibiotics in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Respirology. 2009; Vol. 14:A129.
    • (2009) , vol.14 , pp. A129
    • Kim, J.W.1    Chung, J.2    Jang, H.J.3    Hong, S.B.4    Lim, C.M.5    Koh, Y.6
  • 15
    • 84862812810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early use of imipenem/cilastatin and vancomycin followed by de-escalation versus conventional antimicrobials without de-escalation for patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia in a medical ICU: a randomized clinical trial
    • Kim JW, Chung J, Choi SH, Jang HJ, Hong SB, Lim CM, et al. Early use of imipenem/cilastatin and vancomycin followed by de-escalation versus conventional antimicrobials without de-escalation for patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia in a medical ICU: a randomized clinical trial. Critical Care 2012;16(1):R28.
    • (2012) Critical Care , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. R28
    • Kim, J.W.1    Chung, J.2    Choi, S.H.3    Jang, H.J.4    Hong, S.B.5    Lim, C.M.6
  • 16
    • 27144463065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic utilization and outcomes for patients with clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and negative quantitative BAL culture results
    • Kollef MH, Kollef KE. Antibiotic utilization and outcomes for patients with clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and negative quantitative BAL culture results. Chest 2005;128:2706-13.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 2706-2713
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Kollef, K.E.2
  • 17
    • 85041515803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five versus seven day antibiotic course for the treatment of pneumonia in the intensive care unit
    • American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
    • Labelle AJ, Schoenberg N, Skrupky L, Kollef M. Five versus seven day antibiotic course for the treatment of pneumonia in the intensive care unit. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2012; Vol. 185:A6078.
    • (2012) , vol.185 , pp. A6078
    • Labelle, A.J.1    Schoenberg, N.2    Skrupky, L.3    Kollef, M.4
  • 18
    • 49649110359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How long is enough to treat ventilator associated pneumonia? A randomized pilot study: the Latinoamerican experience
    • Maldonado-Ortiz EA, Niederman MS, Nacul F, Rodríguez A, Ceballos S, Osorio J. How long is enough to treat ventilator associated pneumonia? A randomized pilot study: the Latinoamerican experience. Chest 2004;126(Suppl 4):717.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , pp. 717
    • Maldonado-Ortiz, E.A.1    Niederman, M.S.2    Nacul, F.3    Rodríguez, A.4    Ceballos, S.5    Osorio, J.6
  • 19
    • 2442589404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Micek ST, Ward S, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. A randomized controlled trial of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2004;125(5):1791-9.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , Issue.5 , pp. 1791-1799
    • Micek, S.T.1    Ward, S.2    Fraser, V.J.3    Kollef, M.H.4
  • 21
    • 52549086178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia therapy: protected specimen brushing versus tracheal aspirate data
    • Peery C, Chendrasekhar A, Moorman DW, Timberlake GA. Ventilator-associated pneumonia therapy: protected specimen brushing versus tracheal aspirate data. Journal of Applied Research 2001;1(2):1.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Research , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 1
    • Peery, C.1    Chendrasekhar, A.2    Moorman, D.W.3    Timberlake, G.A.4
  • 22
    • 84916630131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin (PCT) guided antibiotic treatment in ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Multi-centre, clinical prospective, randomized-controlled study
    • American Thoracic Society International Conference, San Francisco, California, USA. :
    • Pontet J, Paciel D, Olivera W, Bentancourt S, Cancela M, Gervas J. Procalcitonin (PCT) guided antibiotic treatment in ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Multi-centre, clinical prospective, randomized-controlled study. American Thoracic Society International Conference, San Francisco, California, USA. 2007:A76.
    • (2007) , pp. A76
    • Pontet, J.1    Paciel, D.2    Olivera, W.3    Bentancourt, S.4    Cancela, M.5    Gervas, J.6
  • 25
    • 59449093757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided algorithm reduces length of antibiotic treatment in surgical intensive care patients with severe sepsis: results of a prospective randomized study
    • Schroeder S, Hochreiter M, Koehler T, Schweiger AM, Bein B, Keck FS, et al. Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided algorithm reduces length of antibiotic treatment in surgical intensive care patients with severe sepsis: results of a prospective randomized study. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 2009;394:221-6.
    • (2009) Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery , vol.394 , pp. 221-226
    • Schroeder, S.1    Hochreiter, M.2    Koehler, T.3    Schweiger, A.M.4    Bein, B.5    Keck, F.S.6
  • 26
    • 85041510761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected nosocomial pneumonia: a proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription for pulmonary infiltrates in the ICU
    • Annual Meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America, Denver, Colorado.
    • Singh N. Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected nosocomial pneumonia: a proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription for pulmonary infiltrates in the ICU. Annual Meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America, Denver, Colorado. 1998.
    • (1998)
    • Singh, N.1
  • 27
    • 0033848058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of quantitative invasive diagnostic techniques in the management and outcome of mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia
    • Sole VJ, Fernandez JA, Benitez AB, Cardenosa Cendrero JA, Rodriguez de CF. Impact of quantitative invasive diagnostic techniques in the management and outcome of mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia. Critical Care Medicine 2000;28(8):2737-41.
    • (2000) Critical Care Medicine , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 2737-2741
    • Sole, V.J.1    Fernandez, J.A.2    Benitez, A.B.3    Cardenosa Cendrero, J.A.4    Rodriguez de, C.F.5
  • 28
    • 73249128024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomised study
    • Stolz D, Smyrnios N, Eggimann P, Pargger H, Thakkar N, Siegemund M, et al. Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomised study. European Respiratory Journal 2009;34(6):1364-75.
    • (2009) European Respiratory Journal , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 1364-1375
    • Stolz, D.1    Smyrnios, N.2    Eggimann, P.3    Pargger, H.4    Thakkar, N.5    Siegemund, M.6
  • 29
    • 85041504821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin for antibiotic de-escalation in ventilator associated pneumonia - a randomized study
    • European Respiratory Society Annual Congress, Vienna. :
    • Stolz D, Smyrnios N, Eggimann P, Pargger H, Thakkar N, Siegemund M, et al. Procalcitonin for antibiotic de-escalation in ventilator associated pneumonia - a randomized study. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress, Vienna. 2009:2798.
    • (2009) , pp. 2798
    • Stolz, D.1    Smyrnios, N.2    Eggimann, P.3    Pargger, H.4    Thakkar, N.5    Siegemund, M.6
  • 30
    • 34248172813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can procalcitonin help us in timing of re-intervention in septic patients after multiple trauma or major surgery?
    • Svoboda P, Kantorová I, Scheer P, Radvanova J, Radvan M. Can procalcitonin help us in timing of re-intervention in septic patients after multiple trauma or major surgery?. Hepatogastroenterology 2007;54:359-63.
    • (2007) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.54 , pp. 359-363
    • Svoboda, P.1    Kantorová, I.2    Scheer, P.3    Radvanova, J.4    Radvan, M.5
  • 31
    • 85041493301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two durations of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by non-fermenting gram negative bacilli (NF-GNB)
    • American Thoracic Society Meeting Seattle, Washington. :
    • Wolff M, Chastre J, Fagon JY, Chevret S. Comparison of two durations of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by non-fermenting gram negative bacilli (NF-GNB). American Thoracic Society Meeting Seattle, Washington. 2003:A860.
    • (2003) , pp. A860
    • Wolff, M.1    Chastre, J.2    Fagon, J.Y.3    Chevret, S.4
  • 32
    • 85041509905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of short-course versus standard antibiotic therapy in ICU patients
    • (accessed 5 June, 2015)
    • Effectiveness of short-course versus standard antibiotic therapy in ICU patients. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00410527 2006 (accessed 5 June, 2015).
    • (2006)
  • 33
    • 85041510484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five versus seven day antibiotic course for the treatment of pneumonia in the intensive care unit
    • (accessed 5 June, 2015)
    • Five versus seven day antibiotic course for the treatment of pneumonia in the intensive care unit. https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01554657 2012 (accessed 5 June, 2015).
    • (2012)
  • 34
    • 85041538484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of antibiotic treatment for early VAP
    • (accessed 5 June, 2015)
    • Duration of antibiotic treatment for early VAP. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01994980 2013 (accessed 5 June, 2015).
    • (2013)
  • 35
    • 76449116530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency, prevention, outcome and treatment of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Agrafiotis M, Siempos II, Falagas ME. Frequency, prevention, outcome and treatment of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiratory Medicine 2010;104:325-36.
    • (2010) Respiratory Medicine , vol.104 , pp. 325-336
    • Agrafiotis, M.1    Siempos, I.I.2    Falagas, M.E.3
  • 36
    • 13644269309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia
    • American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2005;171(4):388-416.
    • (2005) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , vol.171 , Issue.4 , pp. 388-416
  • 38
    • 0031752883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection
    • Bignardi GE. Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. Journal of Hospital Infection 1998;40(1):1-15.
    • (1998) Journal of Hospital Infection , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Bignardi, G.E.1
  • 39
    • 84894492794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, risk factors, and mortality for ventilator-associated pneumonia in middle-aged, old, and very old critically ill patients
    • Blot S, Koulenti D, Dimopoulos G, Martin C, Komnos A, Krueger WA, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and mortality for ventilator-associated pneumonia in middle-aged, old, and very old critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine 2014;42:601-9.
    • (2014) Critical Care Medicine , vol.42 , pp. 601-609
    • Blot, S.1    Koulenti, D.2    Dimopoulos, G.3    Martin, C.4    Komnos, A.5    Krueger, W.A.6
  • 40
    • 84920748030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective evaluation of ventilator-associated conditions and infection-related ventilator-associated conditions
    • Boyer AF, Schoenberg N, Babcock H, McMullen KM, Micek ST, Kollef MH. A prospective evaluation of ventilator-associated conditions and infection-related ventilator-associated conditions. Chest 2015;147:68-81.
    • (2015) Chest , vol.147 , pp. 68-81
    • Boyer, A.F.1    Schoenberg, N.2    Babcock, H.3    McMullen, K.M.4    Micek, S.T.5    Kollef, M.H.6
  • 41
    • 45749100460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the UK: report of the working party on hospital-acquired pneumonia of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
    • Masterton RG, Galloway A, French G, Street M, Armstrong J, Brown E, et al. Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the UK: report of the working party on hospital-acquired pneumonia of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2008;62(1):5-34.
    • (2008) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-34
    • Masterton, R.G.1    Galloway, A.2    French, G.3    Street, M.4    Armstrong, J.5    Brown, E.6
  • 42
    • 77955917612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of nosocomial infections on clinical outcome and resource consumption in critically ill patients
    • Burgmann H, Hiesmayer J, Savey A, Bauer P, Metnitz B, Metnitz P. Impact of nosocomial infections on clinical outcome and resource consumption in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine 2010;36:1597-601.
    • (2010) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.36 , pp. 1597-1601
    • Burgmann, H.1    Hiesmayer, J.2    Savey, A.3    Bauer, P.4    Metnitz, B.5    Metnitz, P.6
  • 43
    • 84888221469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal dosing of antibiotics in critically ill patients by using continuous/extended infusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Chant C, Leung A, Friedrich JO. Optimal dosing of antibiotics in critically ill patients by using continuous/extended infusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care 2012;17:R279.
    • (2012) Critical Care , vol.17 , pp. R279
    • Chant, C.1    Leung, A.2    Friedrich, J.O.3
  • 45
    • 33845934467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early predictors for infection recurrence and death in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Combes A, Luyt CE, Fagon JY, Wolff M, Trouillet JL, Chastre J. Early predictors for infection recurrence and death in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Critical Care Medicine 2007;35(1):146-54.
    • (2007) Critical Care Medicine , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 146-154
    • Combes, A.1    Luyt, C.E.2    Fagon, J.Y.3    Wolff, M.4    Trouillet, J.L.5    Chastre, J.6
  • 46
    • 67249139256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effect of diagnostic methodology on the reported incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Morris AC, Kefala K, Simpson AJ, Wilkinson TS, Everingham K, Kerslake D, et al. Evaluation of the effect of diagnostic methodology on the reported incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Thorax 2011;64:516-22.
    • (2011) Thorax , vol.64 , pp. 516-522
    • Morris, A.C.1    Kefala, K.2    Simpson, A.J.3    Wilkinson, T.S.4    Everingham, K.5    Kerslake, D.6
  • 47
    • 79952221682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in a mixed surgical and medical ICU population
    • Dallas J, Skrupky L, Abebe N, Boyle W, Kollef M. Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in a mixed surgical and medical ICU population. Chest 2011;139:513-8.
    • (2011) Chest , vol.139 , pp. 513-518
    • Dallas, J.1    Skrupky, L.2    Abebe, N.3    Boyle, W.4    Kollef, M.5
  • 48
    • 84890783342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses
    • In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors) Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration
    • Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG (editors). Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
    • (2011) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
    • Deeks, J.J.1    Higgins, J.P.T.2    Altman, D.G.3
  • 50
    • 84890257761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short- versus long-duration antibiotic regimens for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Dimopoulos G, Poulakou G, Pneumatikos IA, Armaganidis A, Kollef MH, Matthaiou DK. Short- versus long-duration antibiotic regimens for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 2013;144:1759-67.
    • (2013) Chest , vol.144 , pp. 1759-1767
    • Dimopoulos, G.1    Poulakou, G.2    Pneumatikos, I.A.3    Armaganidis, A.4    Kollef, M.H.5    Matthaiou, D.K.6
  • 52
    • 0038670216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of antimicrobial therapy for nosocomial pneumonia: possible strategies for minimizing antimicrobial use in intensive care units
    • Dugan HA, MacLaren R, Jung R. Duration of antimicrobial therapy for nosocomial pneumonia: possible strategies for minimizing antimicrobial use in intensive care units. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2003;28(2):123-9.
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-129
    • Dugan, H.A.1    MacLaren, R.2    Jung, R.3
  • 53
    • 33846409051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and hemostatic responses to treatment in ventilator-associated pneumonia: role of bacterial pathogens
    • El Solh AA, Choi G, Schultz MJ, Pineda LA, Mankowski C. Clinical and hemostatic responses to treatment in ventilator-associated pneumonia: role of bacterial pathogens. Critical Care Medicine 2007;35(2):490-6.
    • (2007) Critical Care Medicine , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 490-496
    • El Solh, A.A.1    Choi, G.2    Schultz, M.J.3    Pineda, L.A.4    Mankowski, C.5
  • 55
    • 85041510343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA approves label changes for antibacterial Doribax (doripenem) describing increased risk of death for ventilator patients with pneumonia
    • (accessed 4 May 2015)
    • US Food, Drug Administration. FDA approves label changes for antibacterial Doribax (doripenem) describing increased risk of death for ventilator patients with pneumonia. FDA Drug Safety Communication 2014:http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm387971.htm (accessed 4 May 2015).
    • (2014) FDA Drug Safety Communication
  • 58
    • 84873037704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward improved surveillance: the impact of ventilator-associated complications on length of stay and antibiotic use in patients in intensive care units
    • Hayashi Y, Morisawa K, Klompas M, Jones M, Bandeshe H, Boots R, et al. Toward improved surveillance: the impact of ventilator-associated complications on length of stay and antibiotic use in patients in intensive care units. Clinical Infectious Disease 2013;56:471-7.
    • (2013) Clinical Infectious Disease , vol.56 , pp. 471-477
    • Hayashi, Y.1    Morisawa, K.2    Klompas, M.3    Jones, M.4    Bandeshe, H.5    Boots, R.6
  • 59
    • 78649516498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of Nosocomial infections in intensive care units, Protocol Version 6.1
    • (accessed 9 January 2015)
    • Hospital in Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance (HELICS). Surveillance of Nosocomial infections in intensive care units, Protocol Version 6.1. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/activities/surveillance/HAI/Documents/0409_IPSE_ICU_protocol.pdf 2004 (accessed 9 January 2015).
    • (2004)
  • 60
    • 0037098199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis
    • Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine 2002;21:1539-58.
    • (2002) Statistics in Medicine , vol.21 , pp. 1539-1558
    • Higgins, J.P.1    Thompson, S.G.2
  • 61
    • 44449164571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting
    • Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. American Journal of Infection Control 2008;36:309-32.
    • (2008) American Journal of Infection Control , vol.36 , pp. 309-332
    • Horan, T.C.1    Andrus, M.2    Dudeck, M.A.3
  • 62
    • 80051921479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guided interventions against infections to increase early appropriate antibiotics and improve survival in the intensive care unit: a randomized trial
    • Jensen JU, Hein L, Lundgren B, Bestle MH, Mohr TT, Andersen MH, et al. Procalcitonin-guided interventions against infections to increase early appropriate antibiotics and improve survival in the intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Critical Care Medicine 2011;39:2048-58.
    • (2011) Critical Care Medicine , vol.39 , pp. 2048-2058
    • Jensen, J.U.1    Hein, L.2    Lundgren, B.3    Bestle, M.H.4    Mohr, T.T.5    Andersen, M.H.6
  • 63
    • 84904618279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated events (VAEs): VAE Victis? (Woe to the conquered?)*
    • Kipnis E, Nseir S. Ventilator-associated events (VAEs): VAE Victis? (Woe to the conquered?)*. Critical Care Medicine 2014;42(8):1949-50.
    • (2014) Critical Care Medicine , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 1949-1950
    • Kipnis, E.1    Nseir, S.2
  • 65
    • 77954457184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia associated with invasive and noninvasive ventilation: an analysis of the German nosocomial infection surveillance system database
    • Kohlenberg A, Schwab F, Behnke M, Geffers C, Gastmeier P. Pneumonia associated with invasive and noninvasive ventilation: an analysis of the German nosocomial infection surveillance system database. Intensive Care Medicine 2010;36(6):971-8.
    • (2010) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 971-978
    • Kohlenberg, A.1    Schwab, F.2    Behnke, M.3    Geffers, C.4    Gastmeier, P.5
  • 66
    • 0028788729 scopus 로고
    • The effect of late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in determining patient mortality
    • Kollef MH, Silver P, Murphy DM, Trovillion E. The effect of late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in determining patient mortality. Chest 1995;108(6):1655-62.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , Issue.6 , pp. 1655-1662
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Silver, P.2    Murphy, D.M.3    Trovillion, E.4
  • 67
    • 84869885707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial stewardship programs: mandatory for all ICUs
    • Kollef MH, Micek ST. Antimicrobial stewardship programs: mandatory for all ICUs. Critical Care 2012;16(6):179.
    • (2012) Critical Care , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 179
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Micek, S.T.2
  • 68
    • 78049418360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin-guided algorithms of antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Kopterides P, Siempos II, Tsangaris I, Tsantes A, Armaganidis A. Procalcitonin-guided algorithms of antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Care Medicine 2010;38(11):2229-41.
    • (2010) Critical Care Medicine , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 2229-2241
    • Kopterides, P.1    Siempos, I.I.2    Tsangaris, I.3    Tsantes, A.4    Armaganidis, A.5
  • 69
    • 68249109400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of practice in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in European intensive care units
    • Koulenti D, Lisboa T, Brun-Buisson C, Krueger W, Macor A, Sole-Violan J, et al. Spectrum of practice in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in European intensive care units. Critical Care Medicine 2009;37:2360-8.
    • (2009) Critical Care Medicine , vol.37 , pp. 2360-2368
    • Koulenti, D.1    Lisboa, T.2    Brun-Buisson, C.3    Krueger, W.4    Macor, A.5    Sole-Violan, J.6
  • 70
    • 84883710616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for studies
    • In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors) Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from
    • Lefebvre C, Manheimer E, Glanville J. Chapter 6. Searching for studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
    • Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
    • Lefebvre, C.1    Manheimer, E.2    Glanville, J.3
  • 71
    • 0037348524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early clinical predictor of outcome
    • Luna CM, Blanzaco D, Niederman MS, Matarucco W, Baredes NC, Desmery P, et al. Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early clinical predictor of outcome. Critical Care Medicine 2003;31(3):676-82.
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 676-682
    • Luna, C.M.1    Blanzaco, D.2    Niederman, M.S.3    Matarucco, W.4    Baredes, N.C.5    Desmery, P.6
  • 73
    • 84922927615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance patterns and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia. Validation of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification of multidrug resistant organisms
    • Martin-Loeches I, Torres A, Rinaudo M, Terraneo S, de Rosa F, Ramirez P, et al. Resistance patterns and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia. Validation of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification of multidrug resistant organisms. Journal of Infection 2015;70:213-22.
    • (2015) Journal of Infection , vol.70 , pp. 213-222
    • Martin-Loeches, I.1    Torres, A.2    Rinaudo, M.3    Terraneo, S.4    de Rosa, F.5    Ramirez, P.6
  • 74
    • 81855176170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia from randomized prevention studies
    • Melsen WG, Rovers MM, Koeman M, Bonten MJ. Estimating the attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia from randomized prevention studies. Critical Care Medicine 2011;39(12):2736-42.
    • (2011) Critical Care Medicine , vol.39 , Issue.12 , pp. 2736-2742
    • Melsen, W.G.1    Rovers, M.M.2    Koeman, M.3    Bonten, M.J.4
  • 75
    • 84880702331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised prevention studies
    • Melsen WG, Rovers MM, Groenwold RH, Bergmans DC, Camus C, Bauer TT, et al. Attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised prevention studies. Lancet Infectious Diseases 2013;13(8):665-71.
    • (2013) Lancet Infectious Diseases , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 665-671
    • Melsen, W.G.1    Rovers, M.M.2    Groenwold, R.H.3    Bergmans, D.C.4    Camus, C.5    Bauer, T.T.6
  • 76
    • 38949118024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeat bronchoalveolar lavage to guide antibiotic duration for ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Mueller EW, Croce MA, Boucher BA, Hanes SD, Wood GC, Swanson JM, et al. Repeat bronchoalveolar lavage to guide antibiotic duration for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Journal of Trauma 2007;63(6):1329-37.
    • (2007) Journal of Trauma , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 1329-1337
    • Mueller, E.W.1    Croce, M.A.2    Boucher, B.A.3    Hanes, S.D.4    Wood, G.C.5    Swanson, J.M.6
  • 77
    • 84887461901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical impact and preventability of ventilator-associated conditions in critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated
    • Muscedere J, Sinuff T, Heyland D, Dodek P, Keenan S, Wood G, et al. The clinical impact and preventability of ventilator-associated conditions in critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest 2013;144:1453-60.
    • (2013) Chest , vol.144 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Muscedere, J.1    Sinuff, T.2    Heyland, D.3    Dodek, P.4    Keenan, S.5    Wood, G.6
  • 78
    • 84856690315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAY41-6551 achieves bactericidal tracheal aspirate amikacin concentrations in mechanically ventilated patients with Gram-negative pneumonia
    • Niederman MS, Chastre J, Corkery K, Fink JB, Luyt CE, García MS. BAY41-6551 achieves bactericidal tracheal aspirate amikacin concentrations in mechanically ventilated patients with Gram-negative pneumonia. Intensive Care Medicine 2012;38:263-71.
    • (2012) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.38 , pp. 263-271
    • Niederman, M.S.1    Chastre, J.2    Corkery, K.3    Fink, J.B.4    Luyt, C.E.5    García, M.S.6
  • 79
    • 0036924301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database
    • Rello J, Ollendorf DA, Oster G, Vera-Llonch M, Bellm L, Redman R, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database. Chest 2002;122:2115-21.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 2115-2121
    • Rello, J.1    Ollendorf, D.A.2    Oster, G.3    Vera-Llonch, M.4    Bellm, L.5    Redman, R.6
  • 80
    • 84879369871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the bacterial etiology of early-onset and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in subjects enrolled in 2 large clinical studies
    • Restrepo M, Peterson J, Fernandez J, Qin Z, Fisher A, Nicholson S. Comparison of the bacterial etiology of early-onset and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in subjects enrolled in 2 large clinical studies. Respiratory Care 2013;58:1220-5.
    • (2013) Respiratory Care , vol.58 , pp. 1220-1225
    • Restrepo, M.1    Peterson, J.2    Fernandez, J.3    Qin, Z.4    Fisher, A.5    Nicholson, S.6
  • 81
    • 84964921069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review Manager (RevMan)
    • 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration
    • The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
    • (2014)
  • 84
    • 26444480583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review
    • Safdar N, Dezfulian C, Collard HR, Saint S. Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review. Critical Care Medicine 2005;33:2184-93.
    • (2005) Critical Care Medicine , vol.33 , pp. 2184-2193
    • Safdar, N.1    Dezfulian, C.2    Collard, H.R.3    Saint, S.4
  • 85
    • 84864927322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin to guide initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment in acute respiratory infections: an individual patient data meta-analysis
    • Schuetz P, Briel M, Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Bouadma L, Wolff M, et al. Procalcitonin to guide initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment in acute respiratory infections: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2012;55:651-62.
    • (2012) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.55 , pp. 651-662
    • Schuetz, P.1    Briel, M.2    Christ-Crain, M.3    Stolz, D.4    Bouadma, L.5    Wolff, M.6
  • 87
    • 84924191851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to an established diagnostic threshold for ventilator-associated pneumonia contributes to low false-negative rates in trauma patients
    • Sharpe JP, Magnotti LJ, Weinberg JA, Swanson JM, Schroeppel TJ, Clement LP, et al. Adherence to an established diagnostic threshold for ventilator-associated pneumonia contributes to low false-negative rates in trauma patients. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2015;78(3):468-73.
    • (2015) Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 468-473
    • Sharpe, J.P.1    Magnotti, L.J.2    Weinberg, J.A.3    Swanson, J.M.4    Schroeppel, T.J.5    Clement, L.P.6
  • 88
    • 84890730197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing reporting biases
    • In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011
    • Sterne JAC, Egger M, Moher D (editors). Chapter 10: Addressing reporting biases. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
    • Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
    • Sterne, J.A.C.1    Egger, M.2    Moher, D.3
  • 89
    • 84917696226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applicability of the National Healthcare Safety Network's surveillance definition of ventilator-associated events in the surgical intensive care unit: a 1-year review
    • Stoeppel CM, Eriksson EA, Hawkins K, Eastman A, Wolf S, Minei J, et al. Applicability of the National Healthcare Safety Network's surveillance definition of ventilator-associated events in the surgical intensive care unit: a 1-year review. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2014;77:934-7.
    • (2014) Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery , vol.77 , pp. 934-937
    • Stoeppel, C.M.1    Eriksson, E.A.2    Hawkins, K.3    Eastman, A.4    Wolf, S.5    Minei, J.6
  • 90
    • 85041498396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in Wales: is HELICS the best way?
    • Szakmany T, Harrison W, Roberts H, Scholey G, Pugh R. Surveillance for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in Wales: is HELICS the best way?. Critical Care Medicine 2013;41(Suppl 12):46.
    • (2013) Critical Care Medicine , vol.41 , pp. 46
    • Szakmany, T.1    Harrison, W.2    Roberts, H.3    Scholey, G.4    Pugh, R.5
  • 91
    • 0029148091 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee
    • Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, Bruining HA, White J, Nicolas-Chanoin MH, et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA 1995;274(8):639-44.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , Issue.8 , pp. 639-644
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Bihari, D.J.2    Suter, P.M.3    Bruining, H.A.4    White, J.5    Nicolas-Chanoin, M.H.6
  • 92
    • 72249087115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units
    • Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, Silva E, Anzueto A, Martin CD, et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA 2009;302(21):2323-9.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , Issue.21 , pp. 2323-2329
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Rello, J.2    Marshall, J.3    Silva, E.4    Anzueto, A.5    Martin, C.D.6
  • 93
    • 43349093647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of systemic antibiotic therapy on bacterial persistence in the respiratory tract of mechanically ventilated patients
    • Visscher S, Schurink CA, Melsen WG, Lucas PJ, Bonten MJ. Effects of systemic antibiotic therapy on bacterial persistence in the respiratory tract of mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Medicine 2008;34(4):692-9.
    • (2008) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 692-699
    • Visscher, S.1    Schurink, C.A.2    Melsen, W.G.3    Lucas, P.J.4    Bonten, M.J.5
  • 94
    • 0038662785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome and attributable cost of ventilator-associated pneumonia among intensive care unit patients in a suburban medical center
    • Warren DK, Shukla SJ, Olsen MA, Kollef MH, Hollenbeak CS, et al. Outcome and attributable cost of ventilator-associated pneumonia among intensive care unit patients in a suburban medical center. Critical Care Medicine 2003;31:1312-7.
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , pp. 1312-1317
    • Warren, D.K.1    Shukla, S.J.2    Olsen, M.A.3    Kollef, M.H.4    Hollenbeak, C.S.5
  • 95
    • 0034093386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiologic diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Wunderink R. Radiologic diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 117;117(Suppl):188-90.
    • Chest , vol.117 , Issue.117 , pp. 188-190
    • Wunderink, R.1
  • 96
    • 53049087805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mortality of ventilated patients with endotracheal Pseudomonas aeruginosa without clinical signs of infection
    • Zhuo H, Yang K, Lynch SV, Dotson RH, Glidden DV, Singh G, et al. Increased mortality of ventilated patients with endotracheal Pseudomonas aeruginosa without clinical signs of infection. Critical Care Medicine 2008;36(9):2495-503.
    • (2008) Critical Care Medicine , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 2495-2503
    • Zhuo, H.1    Yang, K.2    Lynch, S.V.3    Dotson, R.H.4    Glidden, D.V.5    Singh, G.6
  • 97
    • 70249099525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course versus prolonged-course antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults
    • Pugh R, Grant C, Cooke RPD, Dempsey G. Short-course versus prolonged-course antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007577]
    • (2009) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.1
    • Pugh, R.1    Grant, C.2    Cooke, R.P.D.3    Dempsey, G.4
  • 98
    • 80155184654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course versus prolonged-course antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults
    • Pugh R, Grant C, Cooke RPD, Dempsey G. Short-course versus prolonged-course antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in critically ill adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007577.pub2]
    • (2011) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.10
    • Pugh, R.1    Grant, C.2    Cooke, R.P.D.3    Dempsey, G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.