Ventilator-associated pneumonia

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 165, Issue 7, 2002, Pages 867-903

  Chastre, Jean ^a,b   Fagon, Jean Yves ^a,b  

^a PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^b HÔPITAL EUROPÉEN GEORGES POMPIDOU   (France)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial therapy; Bronchoscopy; Epidemiology; Nosocomial infection; Ventilator associated pneumonia

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTACID AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZTREONAM; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; CEFAMANDOLE; CEFOPERAZONE; CEFOTAXIME; CEFOTETAN; CEFSULODIN; CEFTAZIDIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CEFUROXIME; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; IMIPENEM; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; PROTECTIVE AGENT; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RANITIDINE; SUCRALFATE; TOBRAMYCIN; UNINDEXED DRUG; UREIDOPENICILLIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; DRUG CHOICE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFECTIOUS COMPLICATION; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LENGTH OF STAY; LUNG INFECTION; LUNG LAVAGE; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; VENTILATOR;

EID: 0036528966     PISSN: 1073449X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.7.2105078     Document Type: Review

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293. Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in intubated patients undergoing ventilation: Comparison of the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage and the protected specimen brush
294. Evaluation of bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia
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298. Detection of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients. Use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques in 147 patients
299. Diagnosis of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Repeatability of the protected specimen brush
300. Management of bacterial pneumonia in ventilated patients. Protected bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic tool
301. Is protected specimen brush a reproducible method to diagnose ICU-acquired pneumonia?
302. Reappraisal of distal diagnostic testing in the diagnosis of ICU-acquired pneumonia
303. Usefulness of microscopic examination of intracellular organisms in lavage fluid in ventilator-associated pneumonia
304. Comparison of non-protected lower respiratory tract secretions and protected specimen brush samples in the diagnosis of pneumonia
305. Comparative efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage and telescoping plugged catheter in the diagnosis of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
306. Invasive diagnostic testing is not needed routinely to manage suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
307. Diagnostic accuracy of protected specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage in nosocomial pneumonia: Impact of previous antimicrobial treatments
308. Effect of previous antimicrobial therapy on the accuracy of the main procedures used to diagnose nosocomial pneumonia in patients who are using ventilation
309. In vivo efficacies of combinations of beta-lactams, beta-lactamase inhibitors, and rifampin against Acinetobacter baumannii in a mouse pneumonia model
310. Characterization of an animal model of ventilator-acquired pneumonia
311. Clinical significance of borderline quantitative protected brush
312. Bronchoscopic BAL in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
313. Bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosing acute bacterial pneumonia
314. Use of bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose bacterial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
315. Protected bronchoalveolar lavage. A new bronchoscopic technique to retrieve uncontaminated distal airway secretions
316. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosing nonopportunistic bacterial pneumonia
317. Bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
318. Quantitative cultures of protected brush specimens and bronchoalveolar lavage in ventilated patients without suspected pneumonia
319. Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia
320. Value of intracellular bacteria detection in the diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia
321. Protected bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
322. Comparison of bronchoscopic diagnostic techniques with histological findings in brain dead organ donors without suspected pneumonia
323. Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: Repeatability of the bronchoalveolar lavage
324. The effect of antibiotic therapy on recovery of intracellular bacteria from bronchoalveolar lavage in suspected ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia
325. Usefulness of quantitative cultures of BAL fluid for diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients
326. Gram stain of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the early diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
327. Laboratory implementation of a rapid three-stain technique for detection of microorganisms from lower respiratory specimens
328. Rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using a DNA probe (Accuprobe)
329. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: An evaluation of direct examination and presence of intracellular organisms
330. An evaluation of the Gram stain in protected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the early diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
331. Rapid diagnosis of gram negative pneumonia by assay of endotoxin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
332. The accuracy of elevated concentrations of endotoxin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the rapid diagnosis of gram-negative pneumonia
333. Diagnosis of gram negative, ventilator associated pneumonia by assaying endotoxin in bronchial lavage fluid
334. Correlation between endotoxin level and bacterial count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ventilated patients
335. The clinical utility of invasive diagnostic techniques in the setting of ventilator-associated pneumonia
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346. Inappropriate use of antibiotics and the risk for delayed admission and masked diagnosis of infectious diseases: A lesson from Taiwan
347. Decision making in nosocomial pneumonia. An analytic approach to the interpretation of quantitative bronchoscopic cultures
348. Diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia - Impact on survival. A decision analysis
349. Nosocomial pneumonia
350. Towards invasive diagnostic techniques as standard management of ventilator-associated pneumonia
351. Invasive diagnostic testing should be routinely used to manage ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia
352. Mortality and the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A new direction
353. What techniques for diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia?
354. Bacteriological follow-up of nosocomial pneumonia by successive protected specimen brushes
355. Bronchoscopy for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Show me the money (outcome benefit)!
356. Invasive diagnostic techniques for pneumonia: Protected specimen brush, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung biopsy methods
357. Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription
358. Experience with a clinical guideline for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia
359. The impact of nosocomial infections on patient outcomes following cardiac surgery
360. Mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia or colonization with Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species: Assessment by quantitative culture of samples obtained by a protected specimen brush
361. The influence of mini-BAL cultures on patient outcomes: Implications for the antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia
362. Antibiotic susceptibility among aerobic gram-negative bacilli in intensive care units in 5 European countries
363. Antimicrobial resistance rates among aerobic gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients in intensive care units: Evaluation of a national postmarketing surveillance program
364. Treatment and prevention of nosocomial pneumonia
365. Surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in United States hospitals: Project ICARE phase 2
366. Hospital infection with Acinetobacter spp.: An increasing problem
367. Antibacterial activity of 41 antimicrobials tested against over 2773 bacterial isolates from hospitalized patients with pneumonia I. Results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (North America, 1998)
368. Control of a prolonged outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital
369. Factors influencing the establishment of the neonatal bacterial flora. II. The role of environmental factors
370. Surveillance of pharyngeal colonization: Detection and control of serious bacterial illness in low birth weight infants
371. Role of serial routine microbiologic culture results in the initial management of ventilator-associated pneumonia
372. Bacterial colonization patterns in mechanically ventilated patients with traumatic and medical head injury. Incidence, risk factors, and association with ventilator-associated pneumonia
373. Risks and routes for ventilator-associated pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
374. Role of different routes of tracheal colonization in the development of pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
375. Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains
376. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonization and infection in a long-term care facility
377. Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
378. Improving empiric antibiotic selection using computer decision support
379. A computer-assisted management program for antibiotics and other antiinfective agents
380. Evaluation of a computer-assisted antibiotic-dose monitor
381. Implementing antibiotic practice guidelines through computer-assisted decision support: Clinical and financial outcomes
382. Pulmonary disposition of antimicrobial agents: In vivo observations and clinical relevance
383. Pulmonary disposition of antimicrobial agents: Methodological considerations
384. Endotracheally administered antibiotics for gram-negative broncho-pneumonia
385. Double-blind study of endotracheal tobramycin in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial pneumonia
386. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: Occurrence rates, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and molecular typing in the global SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999
387. Efficacy of meropenem as monotherapy in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia
388. Treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia with piperacillin-tazobactam/amikacin versus ceftazidime/amikacin: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial
389. Prospective randomized comparison of imipenem-cilastatin and piperacillin-tazobactam in nosocomial pneumonia or peritonitis
390. Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
391. Treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized patients: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial comparing intravenous ciprofloxacin with imipenem-cilastatin
392. New concepts in the pulmonary disposition of antibiotics
393. Analysis of vancomycin entry into pulmonary lining fluid by bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill patients
394. Pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in seriously ill patients
395. Optimizing aminoglycoside therapy for nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria
396. Evaluation of intravenous ciprofloxacin in patients with nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections. Impact of plasma concentrations, organism, minimum inhibitory concentration, and clinical condition on bacterial eradication
397. In nosocomial pneumonia, optimizing antibiotics other than aminoglycosides is a more important determinant of successful clinical outcome, and a better means of avoiding resistance
398. Pharmacodynamic interactions of antibiotics alone and in combination
399. Antimicrobial action and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics: The use of AUIC to improve efficacy and avoid resistance
400. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic surrogate markers: Studies with fluoroquinolones in patients
401. Cefoperazone versus ceftriaxone monotherapy of nosocomial pneumonia
402. Cefoperazone versus ceftazidime monotherapy of nosocomial pneumonia
403. Cefoperazone versus combination antibiotic therapy of hospital-acquired pneumonia
404. Treatment with aztreonam or tobramycin in critical care patients with nosocomial gram-negative pneumonia
405. Ceftazidime versus tobramycin/ticarcillin in treating hospital acquired pneumonia and bacteremia
406. A multicentre prospective randomized trial comparing ceftazidime with cefazolin/tobramycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with non-pneumococcal pneumonia
407. A prospective randomized trial of ceftazidime versus cefazolin/tobramycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with pneumonia
408. Ceftazidime with and without tobramycin versus azlocillin plus tobramycin in the therapy of bronchopulmonary infections in intensive care patients
409. Prospective, randomized, controlled study of imipenem-cilastatin versus cefotaxime-amikacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection and septicemia at intensive care units
410. Monotherapy versus beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combination treatment for gram-negative bacteremia: A prospective, observational study
411. Prospective randomized comparison of imipenem monotherapy with imipenem plus netilmicin for treatment of severe infections in nonneutropenic patients
412. Piperacillin-tazobactam plus amikacin versus ceftazidime plus amikacin as empiric therapy for fever in granulocytopenic patients with cancer
413. Antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: Outcome correlations in a prospective study of 200 patients
414. Addition of rifampin to combination antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: Prospective trial using the Zelen protocol
415. Prospective observational study of Klebsiella bacteremia in 230 patients: Outcome for antibiotic combinations versus monotherapy
416. Ceftazidime combined with a short or long course of amikacin for empirical therapy of gram-negative bacteremia in cancer patients with granulocytopenia
417. Empirical monotherapy with meropenem in serious bacterial infections
418. Safety and efficacy of meropenem in patients with septicaemia: A randomised comparison with ceftazidime, alone or combined with amikacin
419. Comparison of strategies using cefpirome and ceftazidime for empiric treatment of pneumonia in intensive care patients
420. Understanding the spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens in hospitals: Mathematical models as tools for control
421. Indications for antibiotic use in ICU patients: A one-year prospective surveillance
422. Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in ventilated patients: Relapse or reinfection?
423. Practices to improve antimicrobial use at 47 US hospitals: The status of the 1997 SHEA/IDS position paper recommendations
424. Aminoglycoside resistance and aminoglycoside usage: Ten years of experience in one hospital
425. Manipulation of a hospital antimicrobial formulary to control an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci
426. The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in Finland
427. Scheduled change of antibiotic classes: A strategy to decrease the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
428. Rotation and restricted use of antibiotics in a medical intensive care unit. Impact on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria
429. Impact of a rotating empiric antibiotic schedule on infectious mortality in an intensive care unit