Early- and late-onset pneumonia: Is this still a useful classification?

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 53, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 2714-2718

  Gastmeier, Petra ^a,b   Sohr, Dorit ^b   Geffers, Christine ^b   Rüden, Henning ^b   Vonberg, Ralf Peter ^a   Welte, Tobias ^c  

^a Hospital Epidemiology   (Germany)

^b CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^c HANNOVER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ACINETOBACTER; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; EMPIRICISM; ENTEROBACTER; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA; STREPTOCOCCUS;

ACINETOBACTER; BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; CROSS INFECTION; ENTEROBACTER; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; PNEUMONIA; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA; STREPTOCOCCUS;

EID: 67649984939     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: 10986596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01070-08     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Alvarez-Lerma, F., et al. 1996. Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 22:387-394.
2. American Thoracic Society. 1996. Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventive strategies. A consensus statement, November 1995. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153:1711-1725.
3. American Thoracic Society. 2005. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171:388-416.
4. Baker, A. M., J. W. Meredith, and E. F. Haponik. 1996. Pneumonia in intubated trauma patients. Microbiology and outcomes. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153:343-349.
5. Celis, R., A. Torres, J. M. Gatell, M. Almela, R. Rodríguez- Roisin, and A. Agustí-Vidal. 1988. Nosocomial pneumonia. A multivariate analysis of risk and prognosis. Chest 93:318-324.
6. Chastre, J., and J. Y. Fagon. 2002. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 165:867-903.
7. Dupont, H., H. Mentec, J. P. Sollet, and G. Bleichner. 2001. Impact of appropriateness of initial antibiotic therapy on the outcome of ventilatorassociated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 27:355-362.
8. Emori, T. G., D. H. Culver, T. C. Horan, W. R. Jarvis, J. W. White, D. R. Olson, S. Banerjee, J. R. Edwards, W. J. Martone, and R. P. Gaynes. 1991. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (NNIS): description of surveillance methods. Am. J. Infect. Control 19:19-35.
9. Garner, J. S., W. R. Jarvis, T. G. Emori, T. C. Horan, and J. M. Hughes. 1988. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am. J. Infect. Control 16:128-140.
10. Gastmeier, P., C. Geffers, D. Sohr, M. Dettenkofer, F. Daschner, and H. Ruden. 2003. Five years working with the German nosocomial infection surveillance system (Krankenhaus Infektions Surveillance System). Am. J. Infect. Control 31:316-321.
11. Giantsou, E., N. Liratzopoulos, E. Efraimidou, M. Panopoulou, E. Alepopoulou, S. Kartali-Ktenidou, G. I. Minopoulos, S. Zakynthinos, and K. I. Manolas. 2005. Both early-onset and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia are caused mainly by potentially multiresistant bacteria. Intensive Care Med. 31:1488-1494.
12. Giard, M., A. Lepape, B. Allaouchiche, C. Guerin, J. J. Lehot, M. O. Robert, G. Fournier, D. Jacques, D. Chassard, P. Y. Gueugniaud, F. Artru, P. Petit, D. Robert, I. Mohammedi, R. Girard, J. C. Cetre, M. C. Nicolle, J. Grando, J. Fabry, and P. Vanhems. 2008. Early- and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit: comparison of risk factors. J. Crit. Care 23:27-33.
13. Hedrick, T. L., R. L. Smith, S. T. McElearney, H. L. Evans, P. W. Smith, T. L. Pruett, J. S. Young, and R. G. Sawyer. 2008. Differences in early- and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia between surgical and trauma patients in a combined surgical or trauma intensive care unit. J. Trauma 64:714-720.
14. Heyland, D. K., D. J. Cook, L. Griffith, S. P. Keenan, and C. Brun-Buisson for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. 1999. The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159:1249-1256.
15. Horan, T. C., and R. P. Gaynes. 2004. Surveillance of nosocomial infections, p. 1659-1702. In C. G. Mayhall (ed.), Hospital epidemiology and infection control. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
16. Ibrahim, E. H., S. Ward, G. Sherman, and M. H. Kollef. 2000. A comparative analysis of patients with early-onset vs late-onset nosocomial pneumonia in the ICU setting. Chest 117:1434-1442.
17. Kothe, H., T. Bauer, R. Marre, N. Suttorp, T. Welte, and K. Dalhoff. 2008. Outcome of community-acquired pneumonia: influence of age, residence status and antimicrobial treatment. Eur. Respir. J. 32:139-146.
18. Langer, M., M. Cigada, M. Mandelli, P. Mosconi, and G. Tognoni. 1987. Early onset pneumonia: a multicenter study in intensive care units. Intensive Care Med. 13:342-346.
19. Micek, S. T., K. E. Kollef, R. M. Reichley, N. Roubinian, and M. H. Kollef. 2007. Health care-associated pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia: a single-center experience. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:3568-3573.
20. Moine, P., J. F. Timsit, A. De Lassence, G. Troche, J. P. Fosse, C. Alberti, and Y. Cohen. 2002. Mortality associated with late-onset pneumonia in the intensive care unit: results of a multi-center cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 28:154-163.
21. Mosconi, P., M. Langer, M. Cigada, M. Mandelli, et al. 1991. Epidemiology and risk factors of pneumonia in critically ill patients. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 7:320-327.
22. Prod'hom, G., P. Leuenberger, J. Koerfer, A. Blum, R. Chiolero, M. D. Schaller, C. Perret, O. Spinnler, J. Blondel, H. Siegrist, L. Saghafi, D. Blanc, and P. Francioli. 1994. Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer. A randomized controlled trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 120:653-662.
23. Torres, A., and J. Carlet for the European Task Force on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. 2001. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur. Respir. J. 17:1034-1045.
24. Trouillet, J. L., J. Chastre, A. Vuagnat, M. L. Joly-Guillou, D. Combaux, M. C. Dombret, and C. Gibert. 1998. Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 157:531-539.
25. Vallés, J., A. Pobo, O. Garcia-Esquirol, D. Mariscal, J. Real, and R. Fernandez. 2007. Excess ICU mortality attributable to ventilator-associated pneumonia: the role of early vs late onset. Intensive Care Med. 33:1363-1368.
26. Verhamme, K. M., W. De Coster, L. De Roo, H. De Beenhouwer, G. Nollet, J. Verbeke, I. Demeyer, and P. Jordens. 2007. Pathogens in early-onset and late-onset intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 28:389-397.