Microwave heating time dependent synthesis of various dimensional graphene oxide supported hierarchical ZnO nanostructures and its photoluminescence studies

Materials and Design

Volumn 111, Issue , 2016, Pages 291-300

  Kumar, Rajesh ^a   Singh, Rajesh Kumar ^b   Singh, Dinesh Pratap ^c   Savu, Raluca ^a   Moshkalev, Stanislav A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

^b CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH   (India)

^c UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE   (Chile)

Author keywords

Graphene oxide nanosheets; Microwave heating; Photoluminescence; Quenching; Recombination; ZnO heterostructures

Indexed keywords

COST EFFECTIVENESS; MICROWAVE HEATING; MICROWAVES; NANONEEDLES; NANOSHEETS; NANOSTRUCTURES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; QUENCHING; ZINC; ZINC OXIDE;

DIRECT RECOMBINATION; GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOSHEETS; OXIDE HETEROSTRUCTURES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE CHARACTERIZATION; PL INTENSITY VARIATION; RECOMBINATION; THREEDIMENSIONAL (3-D); TWO DIMENSIONAL (2 D);

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84986274963     PISSN: 02641275     EISSN: 18734197     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.018     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. [1] Novoselov, K.S., Geim, A.K., Morozov, S.V., Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S.V., Grigorieva, I.V., Firsov, A.A., Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306 (2004), 666–669.
2. [2] Perreault, F., Fonseca de Faria, A., Elimelech, M., Environmental applications of graphene-based nanomaterials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 (2015), 5861–5896.
3. [3] Nurunnabi, M., Parvez, K., Nafiujjaman, M., Revuri, V., Khan, H.A., Feng, X., Lee, Y.-k., Bioapplication of graphene oxide derivatives: drug/gene delivery, imaging, polymeric modification, toxicology, therapeutics and challenges. RSC Adv. 5 (2015), 42141–42161.
4. [4] Lee, G.-H., Cooper, R.C., An, S.J., Lee, S., van der Zande, A., Petrone, N., Hammerberg, A.G., Lee, C., Crawford, B., Oliver, W., Kysar, J.W., Hone, J., High-strength chemical-vapor–deposited graphene and grain boundaries. Science 340 (2013), 1073–1076.
5. [5] Kuchta, B., Firlej, L., Mohammadhosseini, A., Boulet, P., Beckner, M., Romanos, J., Pfeifer, P., Hypothetical high-surface-area carbons with exceptional hydrogen storage capacities: open carbon frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012), 15130–15137.
6. [6] Kumar, R., Singh, R.K., Dubey, P.K., Singh, D.P., Yadav, R.M., Self-assembled hierarchical formation of conjugated 3D cobalt oxide nanobead–CNT–graphene nanostructure using microwaves for high-performance supercapacitor electrode. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015), 15042–15051.
7. [7] Kumar, R., Singh, R.K., Dubey, P.K., Singh, D.P., Yadav, R.M., Tiwari, R.S., Freestanding 3D graphene–nickel encapsulated nitrogen-rich aligned bamboo like carbon nanotubes for high-performance supercapacitors with robust cycle stability. Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2, 2015 n/a-n/a.
8. [8] Shao, Y., El-Kady, M.F., Wang, L.J., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Wang, H., Mousavi, M.F., Kaner, R.B., Graphene-based materials for flexible supercapacitors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 (2015), 3639–3665.
9. [9] Wu, F., Lee, J.T., Zhao, E., Zhang, B., Yushin, G., Graphene–Li2S–carbon nanocomposite for lithium–sulfur batteries. ACS Nano 10 (2016), 1333–1340.
10. [10] Raccichini, R., Varzi, A., Passerini, S., Scrosati, B., The role of graphene for electrochemical energy storage. Nat. Mater. 14 (2015), 271–279.
11. [11] Kumar, R., Oh, J.-H., Kim, H.-J., Jung, J.-H., Jung, C.-H., Hong, W.G., Kim, H.-J., Park, J.-Y., Oh, I.-K., Nanohole-structured and palladium-embedded 3D porous graphene for ultrahigh hydrogen storage and CO oxidation multifunctionalities. ACS Nano 9 (2015), 7343–7351.
12. [12] Zhou, C., Szpunar, J.A., Cui, X., Synthesis of Ni/graphene nanocomposite for hydrogen storage. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016), 15232–15241.
13. [13] Wang, T., Huang, D., Yang, Z., Xu, S., He, G., Li, X., Hu, N., Yin, G., He, D., Zhang, L., A review on graphene-based gas/vapor sensors with unique properties and potential applications. Nano-Micro Lett. 8 (2016), 95–119.
14. [14] Dolleman, R.J., Davidovikj, D., Cartamil-Bueno, S.J., van der Zant, H.S.J., Steeneken, P.G., Graphene squeeze-film pressure sensors. Nano Lett. 16 (2016), 568–571.
15. [15] El-Kady, M.F., Kaner, R.B., Direct laser writing of graphene electronics. ACS Nano 8 (2014), 8725–8729.
16. [16] Kim, H., Jang, J.I., Kim, H.H., Lee, G.-W., Lim, J.A., Han, J.T., Cho, K., Sheet size-induced evaporation behaviors of inkjet-printed graphene oxide for printed electronics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016), 3193–3199.
17. [17] Zhang, Y., Gong, S., Zhang, Q., Ming, P., Wan, S., Peng, J., Jiang, L., Cheng, Q., Graphene-based artificial nacre nanocomposites. Chem. Soc. Rev. 45 (2016), 2378–2395.
18. [18] Varghese, N., Ghosh, A., Voggu, R., Ghosh, S., Rao, C.N.R., Selectivity in the interaction of electron donor and acceptor molecules with graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009), 16855–16859.
19. [19] Kamat, P.V., Graphene-based nanoarchitectures. Anchoring semiconductor and metal nanoparticles on a two-dimensional carbon support. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1 (2010), 520–527.
20. [20] Stöhr, R.J., Kolesov, R., Xia, K., Reuter, R., Meijer, J., Logvenov, G., Wrachtrup, J., Super-resolution fluorescence quenching microscopy of graphene. ACS Nano 6 (2012), 9175–9181.
21. [21] Kasry, A., Ardakani, A.A., Tulevski, G.S., Menges, B., Copel, M., Vyklicky, L., Highly efficient fluorescence quenching with graphene. J. Phys. Chem. C 116 (2012), 2858–2862.
22. [22] Bu, Y., Chen, Z., Li, W., Hou, B., Highly efficient photocatalytic performance of graphene–ZnO quasi-shell–core composite material. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013), 12361–12368.
23. [23] Biroju, R.K., Giri, P.K., Dhara, S., Imakita, K., Fujii, M., Graphene-assisted controlled growth of highly aligned ZnO nanorods and nanoribbons: growth mechanism and photoluminescence properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2014), 377–387.
24. [24] Xu, F., Chen, J., Wu, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Sun, J., Bi, H., Lei, W., Ni, Y., Sun, L., Graphene scaffolds enhanced photogenerated electron transport in ZnO photoanodes for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013), 8619–8627.
25. [25] Yang, M.-Q., Xu, Y.-J., Basic principles for observing the photosensitizer role of graphene in the graphene–semiconductor composite photocatalyst from a case study on graphene–ZnO. J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013), 21724–21734.
26. [26] Georgakilas, V., Tiwari, J.N., Kemp, K.C., Perman, J.A., Bourlinos, A.B., Kim, K.S., Zboril, R., Noncovalent functionalization of graphene and graphene oxide for energy materials, biosensing, catalytic, and biomedical applications. Chem. Rev. 116 (2016), 5464–5519.
27. [27] Cong, H.-P., Chen, J.-F., Yu, S.-H., Graphene-based macroscopic assemblies and architectures: an emerging material system. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 (2014), 7295–7325.
28. [28] Zhang, N., Yang, M.-Q., Liu, S., Sun, Y., Xu, Y.-J., Waltzing with the versatile platform of graphene to synthesize composite photocatalysts. Chem. Rev. 115 (2015), 10307–10377.
29. [29] Zhang, N., Zhang, Y., Xu, Y.-J., Recent progress on graphene-based photocatalysts: current status and future perspectives. Nanoscale 4 (2012), 5792–5813.
30. [30] Kumar, R., Dubey, P.K., Singh, R.K., Vaz, A.R., Moshkalev, S.A., Catalyst-free synthesis of a three-dimensional nanoworm-like gallium oxide-graphene nanosheet hybrid structure with enhanced optical properties. RSC Adv. 6 (2016), 17669–17677.
31. [31] Luo, L.-B., Hu, H., Wang, X.-H., Lu, R., Zou, Y.-F., Yu, Y.-Q., Liang, F.-X., A graphene/GaAs near-infrared photodetector enabled by interfacial passivation with fast response and high sensitivity. J. Mater. Chem. C 3 (2015), 4723–4728.
32. [32] Kumar, R., Singh, R.K., Kumar Dubey, P., Singh, D.P., Yadav, R.M., Tiwari, R.S., Hydrothermal synthesis of a uniformly dispersed hybrid graphene-TiO2 nanostructure for optical and enhanced electrochemical applications. RSC Adv. 5 (2015), 7112–7120.
33. [33] Jung, M.W., Song, W., Choi, W.J., Jung, D.S., Chung, Y.J., Myung, S., Lee, S.S., Lim, J., Park, C.-Y., Lee, J.-O., An, K.-S., Fabrication of free-standing Al2O3 nanosheets for high mobility flexible graphene field effect transistors. J. Mater. Chem. C 2 (2014), 4759–4763.
34. [34] Akhavan, O., Ghaderi, E., Flash photo stimulation of human neural stem cells on graphene/TiO2 heterojunction for differentiation into neurons. Nanoscale 5 (2013), 10316–10326.
35. [35] Yang, Y., Ren, L., Zhang, C., Huang, S., Liu, T., Facile fabrication of functionalized graphene sheets (FGS)/ZnO nanocomposites with photocatalytic property. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3 (2011), 2779–2785.
36. [36] Galstyan, V., Comini, E., Kholmanov, I., Faglia, G., Sberveglieri, G., Reduced graphene oxide/ZnO nanocomposite for application in chemical gas sensors. RSC Adv. 6 (2016), 34225–34232.
37. [37] Jammula, R.K., Srikanth, V.V.S.S., Hazra, B.K., Srinath, S., ZnO nanoparticles' decorated reduced-graphene oxide: easy synthesis, unique polarization behavior, and ionic conductivity. Mater. Des. 110 (2016), 311–316.
38. [38] Pearton, S.J., Norton, D.P., Ip, K., Heo, Y.W., Steiner, T., Recent progress in processing and properties of ZnO. Prog. Mater. Sci. 50 (2005), 293–340.
39. [39] Zhu, Y., Elim, H.I., Foo, Y.L., Yu, T., Liu, Y., Ji, W., Lee, J.Y., Shen, Z., Wee, A.T.S., Thong, J.T.L., Sow, C.H., Multiwalled carbon nanotubes beaded with ZnO nanoparticles for ultrafast nonlinear optical switching. Adv. Mater. 18 (2006), 587–592.
40. [40] Madhu, R., Veeramani, V., Chen, S.-M., Veerakumar, P., Liu, S.-B., Miyamoto, N., Functional porous carbon-ZnO nanocomposites for high-performance biosensors and energy storage applications. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 (2016), 16466–16475.
41. [41] Farazmand, P., Khanlary, M., Fehli, S., Salar Elahi, A., Ghoranneviss, M., Synthesis of carbon nanotube and zinc oxide (CNT–ZnO) nanocomposite. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 25 (2015), 942–947.
42. [42] Rodrigues, J., Mata, D., Pimentel, A., Nunes, D., Martins, R., Fortunato, E., Neves, A.J., Monteiro, T., Costa, F.M., One-step synthesis of ZnO decorated CNT buckypaper composites and their optical and electrical properties. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 195 (2015), 38–44.
43. [43] Bu, I.Y.Y., Optoelectronic properties of solution synthesis of carbon nanotube/ZnO:Al:N nanocomposite and its potential as a photocatalyst. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 22 (2014), 76–82.
44. [44] Akhavan, O., Graphene nanomesh by ZnO nanorod photocatalysts. ACS Nano 4 (2010), 4174–4180.
45. [45] Rokhsat, E., Akhavan, O., Improving the photocatalytic activity of graphene oxide/ZnO nanorod films by UV irradiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 371 (2016), 590–595.
46. [46] Cai, R., Wu, J.-g., Sun, L., Liu, Y.-j., Fang, T., Zhu, S., Li, S.-y., Wang, Y., Guo, L.-f., Zhao, C.-e., Wei, A., 3D graphene/ZnO composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Mater. Des. 90 (2016), 839–844.
47. [47] Chang, X., Li, Z., Zhai, X., Sun, S., Gu, D., Dong, L., Yin, Y., Zhu, Y., Efficient synthesis of sunlight-driven ZnO-based heterogeneous photocatalysts. Mater. Des. 98 (2016), 324–332.
48. [48] Moussa, H., Girot, E., Mozet, K., Alem, H., Medjahdi, G., Schneider, R., ZnO rods/reduced graphene oxide composites prepared via a solvothermal reaction for efficient sunlight-driven photocatalysis. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 185 (2016), 11–21.
49. [49] Kumar, R., Singh, R.K., Singh, J., Tiwari, R.S., Srivastava, O.N., Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of graphene sheets-ZnO multipod nanocomposites. J. Alloys Compd. 526 (2012), 129–134.
50. [50] Song, Y., Shao, P., Tian, J., Shi, W., Gao, S., Qi, J., Yan, X., Cui, F., One-step hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO hollow nanospheres uniformly grown on graphene for enhanced photocatalytic performance. Ceram. Int. 42 (2016), 2074–2078.
51. [51] Low, S.S., Tan, M.T.T., Loh, H.-S., Khiew, P.S., Chiu, W.S., Facile hydrothermal growth graphene/ZnO nanocomposite for development of enhanced biosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta 903 (2016), 131–141.
52. [52] Hao, C., Yang, Y., Shen, Y., Feng, F., Wang, X., Zhao, Y., Ge, C., Liquid phase-based ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of G–ZnO nanocomposites and its sunlight photocatalytic activity. Mater. Des. 89 (2016), 864–871.
53. [53] Peng, Y., Ji, J., Chen, D., Ultrasound assisted synthesis of ZnO/reduced graphene oxide composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity and anti-photocorrosion. Appl. Surf. Sci. 356 (2015), 762–768.
54. [54] Kumar, R., Singh, R.K., Vaz, A.R., Moshkalev, S.A., Microwave-assisted synthesis and deposition of a thin ZnO layer on microwave-exfoliated graphene: optical and electrochemical evaluations. RSC Adv. 5 (2015), 67988–67995.
55. [55] Gayathri, S., Jayabal, P., Kottaisamy, M., Ramakrishnan, V., Synthesis of ZnO decorated graphene nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic properties. J. Appl. Phys., 115, 2014, 173504.
56. [56] Kumar, N., Srivastava, A.K., Patel, H.S., Gupta, B.K., Varma, G.D., Facile synthesis of ZnO–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for NO2 gas sensing applications. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2015 (2015), 1912–1923.
57. [57] Staudenmaier, L., Verfahren zur Darstellung der Graphitsäure. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 31 (1898), 1481–1487.
58. [58] Ledwith, D., Pillai, S.C., Watson, G.W., Kelly, J.M., Microwave induced preparation of a-axis oriented double-ended needle-shaped ZnO microparticles. Chem. Commun., 2004, 2294–2295.
59. [59] Liu, X., Pan, L., Zhao, Q., Lv, T., Zhu, G., Chen, T., Lu, T., Sun, Z., Sun, C., UV-assisted photocatalytic synthesis of ZnO–reduced graphene oxide composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity in reduction of Cr(VI). Chem. Eng. J. 183 (2012), 238–243.
60. [60] Lu, J., Ye, Z., Huang, J., Wang, L., Zhao, B., Synthesis and properties of ZnO films with (1 0 0) orientation by SS-CVD. Appl. Surf. Sci. 207 (2003), 295–299.
61. [61] Wang, X.-H., Shi, J., Dai, S., Yang, Y., A sol-gel method to prepare pure and gold colloid doped ZnO films. Thin Solid Films 429 (2003), 102–107.
62. [62] Matsunami, N., Itoh, M., Takai, Y., Tazawa, M., Sataka, M., Ion beam modification of ZnO thin films on MgO. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 206 (2003), 282–286.
63. [63] Lee, E., Kim, J.-Y., Kwon, B.J., Jang, E.-S., An, S.J., Vacancy filling effect of graphene on photoluminescence behavior of ZnO/graphene nanocomposite. Phys. Status Solidi RRL 8 (2014), 836–840.
64. [64] Ramadoss, A., Kim, S.J., Facile preparation and electrochemical characterization of graphene/ZnO nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications. Mater. Chem. Phys. 140 (2013), 405–411.
65. [65] Khenfouch, M., Baïtoul, M., Maaza, M., White photoluminescence from a grown ZnO nanorods/graphene hybrid nanostructure. Opt. Mater. 34 (2012), 1320–1326.
66. [66] Akhavan, O., Bacteriorhodopsin as a superior substitute for hydrazine in chemical reduction of single-layer graphene oxide sheets. Carbon 81 (2015), 158–166.
67. [67] Ohtaki, M., Tsubota, T., Eguchi, K., Arai, H., High-temperature thermoelectric properties of (Zn1–xAlx)O. J. Appl. Phys. 79 (1996), 1816–1818.
68. [68] Wu, X., Wen, L., Lv, K., Deng, K., Tang, D., Ye, H., Du, D., Liu, S., Li, M., Fabrication of ZnO/graphene flake-like photocatalyst with enhanced photoreactivity. Appl. Surf. Sci. 358:Part A (2015), 130–136.
69. [69] Wu, J., Shen, X., Jiang, L., Wang, K., Chen, K., Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of sandwich-like graphene/ZnO nanocomposites. Appl. Surf. Sci. 256 (2010), 2826–2830.
70. [70] Rabieh, S., Nassimi, K., Bagheri, M., Synthesis of hierarchical ZnO–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with enhanced adsorption–photocatalytic performance. Mater. Lett. 162 (2016), 28–31.
71. [71] Schwenke, A.M., Hoeppener, S., Schubert, U.S., Synthesis and modification of carbon nanomaterials utilizing microwave heating. Adv. Mater. 27 (2015), 4113–4141.
72. [72] Wagner, C.D., Muilenberg, G.E., Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Reference Book of Standard Data for Use in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. 1979, Physical Electronics Division, Perkin-Elmer Corp.
73. [73] Akhavan, O., Azimirad, R., Safa, S., Functionalized carbon nanotubes in ZnO thin films for photoinactivation of bacteria. Mater. Chem. Phys. 130 (2011), 598–602.
74. [74] Akhavan, O., Photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxides hybridized by ZnO nanoparticles in ethanol. Carbon 49 (2011), 11–18.
75. [75] Sameera, I., Bhatia, R., Prasad, V., Preparation, characterization and electrical conductivity studies of MWCNT/ZnO nanoparticles hybrid. Phys. B Condens. Matter 405 (2010), 1709–1714.
76. [76] Kim, H., Park, H.-H., Jeon, H., Chang, H.J., Chang, Y., Park, H.-H., Incorporation of carbon nanotube into direct-patternable ZnO thin film formed by photochemical solution deposition. Ceram. Int. 35 (2009), 131–135.
77. [77] Nourmohammadi, A., Rahighi, R., Akhavan, O., Moshfegh, A., Graphene oxide sheets involved in vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires for visible light photoinactivation of bacteria. J. Alloys Compd. 612 (2014), 380–385.
78. [78] Lee, E., Kim, J.-Y., Park, Y.-I., An, S.J., Temperature dependent photoluminescence study on ZnO/graphene nanocomposite films. Curr. Appl. Phys. 15 (2015), 563–566.
79. [79] Li, X., Wang, Q., Zhao, Y., Wu, W., Chen, J., Meng, H., Green synthesis and photo-catalytic performances for ZnO-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 411 (2013), 69–75.
80. [80] Zhang, L.L., Zhou, R., Zhao, X.S., Graphene-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes. J. Mater. Chem. 20 (2010), 5983–5992.
81. [81] Srikant, V., Clarke, D.R., On the optical band gap of zinc oxide. J. Appl. Phys. 83 (1998), 5447–5451.
82. [82] Lin, H.-F., Liao, S.-C., Hung, S.-W., The dc thermal plasma synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for visible-light photocatalyst. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 174 (2005), 82–87.
83. [83] Yang, N., Zhai, J., Wang, D., Chen, Y., Jiang, L., Two-dimensional graphene bridges enhanced photoinduced charge transport in dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Nano 4 (2010), 887–894.
84. [84] Freitag, M., Graphene: nanoelectronics goes flat out. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 (2008), 455–457.
85. [85] Xu, S., Wang, Z.L., One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: solution growth and functional properties. Nano Res. 4 (2011), 1013–1098.