The role of animal models in tendon research

Bone and Joint Research

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 193-202

  Hast, M W ^a   Zuskov, A ^a   Soslowsky, L J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal model; Literature review; Tendinopathy; Tendon

Indexed keywords

EID: 84984870783     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20463758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.36.2000281     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. No authors listed. Bone and Joint Initiative USA: The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States. Second ed. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2011.
2. Kannus P. Tendons - a source of major concern in competitive and recreational athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1997;7:53-54.
3. No authors listed. Office for National Statistics. General Household Survey 2006 http://www.statistics.gov.uk (date last accessed 6 June 2014).
4. Woo SL-Y, Thay TQ, Abramowitch SD, Gilbert T. Structure and function of ligaments and tendons. In Basic orthopaedic Biomechanics & Mechanobiology, Ed. Mow VC, Hayes WC. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005:301-342.
5. Killian ML, Cavinatto L, Galatz LM, Thomopoulos S. The role of mechanobiology in tendon healing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:228-237.
6. Rio E, Moseley L, Purdam C, et al. The pain of tendinopathy: physiological or pathophysiological? Sports Med 2014;44:9-23.
7. Del Buono A, Oliva F, Longo UG, et al. Metalloproteases and rotator cuff disease. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:200-208.
8. Wang JH, Guo Q, Li B. Tendon biomechanics and mechanobiology - a minireview of basic concepts and recent advancements. J Hand Ther 2012;25:133-40; quiz 141.
9. Bishop J, Klepps S, Lo IK, et al. Cuff integrity after arthroscopic versus open rotator cuff repair: a prospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2006;15:290-299.
10. Galatz LM, Ball CM, Teefey SA, Middleton WD, Yamaguchi K. The outcome and repair integrity of completely arthroscopically repaired large and massive rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2004;86-A:219-224.
11. Murchison ND, Price BA, Conner DA, et al. Regulation of tendon differentiation by scleraxis distinguishes force-transmitting tendons from muscle-anchoring tendons. Development 2007;134:2697-2708.
12. Schweitzer R, Chyung JH, Murtaugh LC, et al. Analysis of the tendon cell fate using Scleraxis, a specific marker for tendons and ligaments. Development 2001;128:3855-3866.
13. Scott A, Sampaio A, Abraham T, Duronio C, Underhill TM. Scleraxis expression is coordinately regulated in a murine model of patellar tendon injury. J Orthop Res 2011;29:289-296.
14. Dunkman AA, Buckley MR, Mienaltowski MJ, et al. Decorin expression is important for age-related changes in tendon structure and mechanical properties. Matrix Biol 2013;32:3-13.
15. Danielson KG, Baribault H, Holmes DF, et al. Targeted disruption of decorin leads to abnormal collagen fibril morphology and skin fragility. J Cell Biol 1997;136:729-743.
16. Dourte LM, Pathmanathan L, Mienaltowski MJ, et al. Mechanical, compositional, and structural properties of the mouse patellar tendon with changes in biglycan gene expression. J Orthop Res 2013;31:1430-1437.
17. Berthet E, Chen C, Butcher K, et al. Smad3 binds Scleraxis and Mohawk and regulates tendon matrix organization. J Orthop Res 2013;31:1475-1483.
18. Ito Y, Toriuchi N, Yoshitaka T, et al. The Mohawk homeobox gene is a critical regulator of tendon differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:10538-10542.
19. Smith SM, Zhang G, Birk DE. Collagen V localizes to pericellular sites during tendon collagen fibrillogenesis. Matrix Biol 2014;33:47-53.
20. Wenstrup RJ, Smith SM, Florer JB, et al. Regulation of collagen fibril nucleation and initial fibril assembly involves coordinate interactions with collagens V and XI in developing tendon. J Biol Chem 2011;286:20455-20465.
21. Lin TW, Cardenas L, Glaser DL, Soslowsky LJ. Tendon healing in interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 knockout mice. J Biomech 2006;39:61-69.
22. Soslowsky LJ, Carpenter JE, DeBano CM, Banerji I, Moalli MR. Development and use of an animal model for investigations on rotator cuff disease. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1996;5:383-392.
23. Schorpp M, Mattei MG, Herr I, et al. Structural organization and chromosomal localization of the mouse collagenase type I gene. Biochem J 1995 May 15;308:211-217.
24. Lui PPY, Maffulli N, Rolf C, Smith RKW. What are the validated animal models for tendinopathy? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011;21:3-17.
25. McGonigle P, Ruggeri B. Animal models of human disease: challenges in enabling translation. Biochem Pharmacol 2014;87:162-171.
26. Liu X, Laron D, Natsuhara K, et al. A mouse model of massive rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2012;94-A:41.
27. Beason DP, Kuntz AF, Hsu JE, Miller KS, Soslowsky LJ. Development and evaluation of multiple tendon injury models in the mouse. J Biomech 2012;45:1550-1553.
28. Samagh SP, Kramer EJ, Melkus G, et al. MRI quantification of fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy in a mouse model of rotator cuff tears. J Orthop Res 2013;31:421-426.
29. Quigley RJ, Gupta A, Oh JH, et al. Biomechanical comparison of single-row, double-row, and transosseous-equivalent repair techniques after healing in an animal rotator cuff tear model. J Orthop Res 2013;31:1254-1260.
30. Chung SW, Song BW, Kim YH, Park KU, Oh JH. Effect of platelet-rich plasma and porcine dermal collagen graft augmentation for rotator cuff healing in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:2909-2918.
31. Lovric V, Ledger M, Goldberg J, et al. The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on tendon-bone healing in a transosseous-equivalent sheep rotator cuff model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013;21:466-475.
32. Jost PW, Khair MM, Chen DX, et al. Suture number determines strength of rotator cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2012;94:100.
33. Baums MH, Spahn G, Buchhorn GH, et al. Biomechanical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of a single- and double-row rotator cuff repair in an in vivo sheep model. Arthroscopy 2012;28:769-777.
34. Onay U, Akpinar S, Akgün RC, Balçik C, Tuncay IC. Comparison of repair techniques in small and medium-sized rotator cuff tears in cadaveric sheep shoulders. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2013;47:179-183.
35. Ostrander RV 3rd, McKinney BI. Evaluation of footprint contact area and pressure using a triple-row modification of the suture-bridge technique for rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:1406-1412.
36. Savage AJ, Spruiell MD, Schwertz JM, et al. The effect of sliding knots on the suture-tendon interface strength: a biomechanical analysis comparing sliding and static arthroscopic knots. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:296-301.
37. Maguire M, Goldberg J, Bokor D, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of four different transosseous-equivalent/suture bridge rotator cuff repairs. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011;19:1582-1587.
38. Bey MJ, Kline SK, Baker AR, et al. Estimation of dynamic, in vivo soft-tissue deformation: experimental technique and application in a canine model of tendon injury and repair. J Orthop Res 2011;29:822-827.
39. Baker AR, McCarron JA, Tan CD, Iannotti JP, Derwin KA. Does augmentation with a reinforced fascia patch improve rotator cuff repair outcomes? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012;470:2513-2521.
40. Hee CK, Dines JS, Dines DM, et al. Augmentation of a rotator cuff suture repair using rhPDGF-BB and a type I bovine collagen matrix in an ovine model. Am J Sports Med 2011;39:1630-1639.
41. De Carli A, Lanzetti RM, Monaco E, et al. The failure mode of two reabsorbable fixation systems: Swivelock with Fibertape versus Bio-Corkscrew with Fiberwire in bovine rotator cuff. J Orthop Sci 2012;17:789-795.
42. Anderl W, Heuberer PR, Laky B, et al. Superiority of bridging techniques with medial fixation on initial strength. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012;20:2559-2566.
43. Wieser K, Farshad M, Vlachopoulos L, et al. Suture slippage in knotless suture anchors as a potential failure mechanism in rotator cuff repair. Arthroscopy 2012;28:1622-1627.
44. Beason DP, Hsu JE, Marshall SM, et al. Hypercholesterolemia increases supraspinatus tendon stiffness and elastic modulus across multiple species. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:681-686.
45. Xu H, Sandor M, Qi S, et al. Implantation of a porcine acellular dermal graft in a primate model of rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:580-588.
46. Palumbo C, Rovesta C, Ferretti M. Striated muscle fiber apoptosis after experimental tendon lesion in a rat model. J Anat 2012;221:358-363.
47. Liu X, Joshi SK, Samagh SP, et al. Evaluation of Akt/mTOR activity in muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tears in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2012;30:1440-1446.
48. Kim HM, Galatz LM, Lim C, Havlioglu N, Thomopoulos S. The effect of tear size and nerve injury on rotator cuff muscle fatty degeneration in a rodent animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:847-858.
49. Peltz CD, Hsu JE, Zgonis MH, et al. Decreased loading after rotator cuff tears leads to improved biceps tendon properties in a rat model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011;20:698-707.
50. de Castro Pochini A, Ejnisman B, de Seixas Alves MT, et al. Overuse of training increases mechanoreceptors in supraspinatus tendon of rats SHR. J Orthop Res 2011;29:1771-1774.
51. Reuther KE, Thomas SJ, Sarver JJ, et al. Effect of return to overuse activity following an isolated supraspinatus tendon tear on adjacent intact tendons and glenoid cartilage in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2013;31:710-715.
52. Reuther KE, Thomas SJ, Evans EF, et al. Returning to overuse activity following a supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear leads to joint damage in a rat model. J Biomech 2013;46:1818-1824.
53. Peltz CD, Hsu JE, Zgonis MH, et al. Intra-articular changes precede extra-articular changes in the biceps tendon after rotator cuff tears in a rat model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:873-881.
54. Reuther KE, Sarver JJ, Schultz SM, et al. Glenoid cartilage mechanical properties decrease after rotator cuff tears in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2012;30:1435-1439.
55. Uezono K, Ide J, Tokunaga T, et al. Effect of immobilization on rotator cuff reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix grafts in an animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:1290-1297.
56. Killian ML, Lim CT, Thomopoulos S, et al. The effect of unloading on gene expression of healthy and injured rotator cuffs. J Orthop Res 2013;31:1240-1248.
57. Ficklscherer A, Hartl TK, Scharf M, et al. Effects of selective paralysis of the supraspinatus muscle using botulinum neurotoxin a in rotator cuff healing in rats. J Orthop Res 2013;31:716-723.
58. Buchmann S, Sandmann GH, Walz L, et al. Refixation of the supraspinatus tendon in a rat model - influence of continuous growth factor application on tendon structure. J Orthop Res 2013;31:300-305.
59. Hapa O, Cakici H, Kükner A, et al. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in rats: an in vivo experimental study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2012;46:301-307.
60. Beck J, Evans D, Tonino PM, Yong S, Callaci JJ. The biomechanical and histologic effects of platelet-rich plasma on rat rotator cuff repairs. Am J Sports Med 2012;40:2037-2044.
61. Baumgarten KM, Oliver HA, Foley J, et al. Human growth hormone may be detrimental when used to accelerate recovery from acute tendon-bone interface injuries. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2013;95-A:783-789.
62. Hettrich CM, Beamer BS, Bedi A, et al. The effect of rhPTH on the healing of tendon to bone in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2012;30:769-774.
63. Coen MJ, Chen ST, Rundle CH, Wergedal JE, Lau KH. Lentiviral-based BMP4 in vivo gene transfer strategy increases pull-out tensile strength without an improvement in the osteointegration of the tendon graft in a rat model of biceps tenodesis. J Gene Med 2011;13:511-521.
64. Loeffler BJ, Scannell BP, Peindl RD, et al. Cell-based tissue engineering augments tendon-to-bone healing in a rat supraspinatus model. J Orthop Res 2013;31:407-412.
65. Kida Y, Morihara T, Matsuda K, et al. Bone marrow-derived cells from the footprint infiltrate into the repaired rotator cuff. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:197-205.
66. Oh JH, Chung SW, Kim SH, Chung JY, Kim JY. 2013 Neer Award: Effect of the adipose-derived stem cell for the improvement of fatty degeneration and rotator cuff healing in rabbit model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:445-455.
67. Kim YS, Lee HJ, Ok JH, Park JS, Kim DW. Survivorship of implanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:1037-1045.
68. Yokoya S, Mochizuki Y, Natsu K, et al. Rotator cuff regeneration using a bioabsorbable material with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med 2012;40:1259-1268.
69. Beason DP, Connizzo BK, Dourte LM, et al. Fiber-aligned polymer scaffolds for rotator cuff repair in a rat model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:245-250.
70. Levy DM, Saifi C, Perri JL, et al. Rotator cuff repair augmentation with local autogenous bone marrow via humeral cannulation in a rat model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:1256-1264.
71. Isaac C, Gharaibeh B, Witt M, Wright VJ, Huard J. Biologic approaches to enhance rotator cuff healing after injury. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:181-190.
72. Komi PV. Relevance of in vivo force measurements to human biomechanics. J Biomech 1990;23(Suppl1):23-34.
73. Heinemeier KM, Skovgaard D, Bayer ML, et al. Uphill running improves rat Achilles tendon tissue mechanical properties and alters gene expression without inducing pathological changes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012;113:827-836.
74. Silva RD, Glazebrook MA, Campos VC, Vasconcelos AC. Achilles tendinosis: a morphometrical study in a rat model. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2011;4:683-691.
75. Ng GY, Chung PY, Wang JS, Cheung RT. Enforced bipedal downhill running induces Achilles tendinosis in rats. Connect Tissue Res 2011;52:466-471.
76. Cho NS, Hwang JH, Lee YT, Chae SW. Tendinosis-like histologic and molecular changes of the Achilles tendon to repetitive stress: a pilot study in rats. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011;469:3172-3180.
77. Bell R, Li J, Gorski DJ, et al. Controlled treadmill exercise eliminates chondroid deposits and restores tensile properties in a new murine tendinopathy model. J Biomech 2013;46:498-505.
78. Andersson G, Backman LJ, Scott A, et al. Substance P accelerates hypercellularity and angiogenesis in tendon tissue and enhances paratendinitis in response to Achilles tendon overuse in a tendinopathy model. Br J Sports Med 2011;45:1017-1022.
79. Leek BT, Tasto JP, Tibor LM, et al. Augmentation of tendon healing with butyric acid-impregnated sutures: biomechanical evaluation in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med 2012;40:1762-1771.
80. Yao J, Woon CY, Behn A, et al. The effect of suture coated with mesenchymal stem cells and bioactive substrate on tendon repair strength in a rat model. J Hand Surg Am 2012;37:1639-1645.
81. Ortiz C, Wagner E, Mocoçain P, et al. Biomechanical comparison of four methods of repair of the Achilles tendon: a laboratory study with bovine tendons. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2012;94-B:663-667.
82. Jielile J, Jialili A, Sabirhazi G, et al. Proteomic analysis of differential protein expression of achilles tendon in a rabbit model by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 21 days postoperation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011;165:1092-1106.
83. Eliasson P, Andersson T, Aspenberg P. Influence of a single loading episode on gene expression in healing rat Achilles tendons. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012;112:279-288.
84. Andersson T, Eliasson P, Hammerman M, Sandberg O, Aspenberg P. Low-level mechanical stimulation is sufficient to improve tendon healing in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012;113:1398-1402.
85. Eliasson P, Andersson T, Aspenberg P. Achilles tendon healing in rats is improved by intermittent mechanical loading during the inflammatory phase. J Orthop Res 2012;30:274-279.
86. Gehmert S, Jung EM, Kügler T, et al. Sonoelastography can be used to monitor the restoration of Achilles tendon elasticity after injury. Ultraschall Med 2012;33:581-586.
87. Chang KV, Wu CH, Ding YH, et al. Application of contrast-enhanced sonography with time-intensity curve analysis to explore hypervascularity in Achilles tendinopathy by using a rabbit model. J Ultrasound Med 2012;31:737-746.
88. Ni T, Senthil-Kumar P, Dubbin K, et al. A photoactivated nanofiber graft material for augmented Achilles tendon repair. Lasers Surg Med 2012;44:645-652.
89. Gigante A, Busilacchi A, Lonzi B, et al. Purified collagen I oriented membrane for tendon repair: an ex vivo morphological study. J Orthop Res 2013;31:738-745.
90. Nyyssönen T, Lüthje P, Kröger H. The increasing incidence and difference in sex distribution of Achilles tendon rupture in Finland in 1987-1999. Scand J Surg 2008;97:272-275.
91. Ufberg J, Harrigan RA, Cruz T, Perron AD. Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: Achilles tendon rupture. Am J Emerg Med 2004;22:596-600.
92. Beason DP, Abboud JA, Kuntz AF, Bassora R, Soslowsky LJ. Cumulative effects of hypercholesterolemia on tendon biomechanics in a mouse model. J Orthop Res 2011;29:380-383.
93. Beason DP, Tucker JJ, Lee CS, et al. Rat rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing properties are adversely affected by hypercholesterolemia. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:867-872.
94. de Oliveira RR, Bezerra MA, de Lira KD, et al. Aerobic physical training restores biomechanical properties of Achilles tendon in rats chemically induced to diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2012;26:163-168.
95. Ahmed AS, Schizas N, Li J, et al. Type 2 diabetes impairs tendon repair after injury in a rat model. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012;113:1784-1791.
96. Peck FH, Bücher CA, Watson JS, Roe A. A comparative study of two methods of controlled mobilization of flexor tendon repairs in zone 2. J Hand Surg Br 1998;23:41-45.
97. Kitsis CK, Wade PJ, Krikler SJ, Parsons NK, Nicholls LK. Controlled active motion following primary flexor tendon repair: a prospective study over 9 years. J Hand Surg Br 1998;23:344-349.
98. Gelberman RH, Boyer MI, Brodt MD, Winters SC, Silva MJ. The effect of gap formation at the repair site on the strength and excursion of intrasynovial flexor tendons. An experimental study on the early stages of tendon-healing in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1999;81-A:975-982.
99. Gelberman RH, Vandeberg JS, Manske PR, Akeson WH. The early stages of flexor tendon healing: a morphologic study of the first fourteen days. J Hand Surg Am 1985;10:776-784.
100. Gelberman RH, Manske PR, Akeson WH, et al. Flexor tendon repair. J Orthop Res 1986;4:119-128.
101. Lee H, Hou Z, Liu P, et al. An experimental study comparing active mobilization to passive flexion-active extension-active flexion after flexor tendon repair in zone 2. J Hand Surg Am 2013;38:672-676.
102. Fufa DT, Osei DA, Calfee RP, et al. The effect of core and epitendinous suture modifications on repair of intrasynovial flexor tendons in an in vivo canine model. J Hand Surg Am 2012;37:2526-2531.
103. Thomopoulos S, Kim HM, Silva MJ, et al. Effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on tendon-to-bone healing in a canine flexor tendon model. J Orthop Res 2012;30:1702-1709.
104. Manning CN, Schwartz AG, Liu W, et al. Controlled delivery of mesenchymal stem cells and growth factors using a nanofiber scaffold for tendon repair. Acta Biomater 2013;9:6905-6914.
105. Martinello T, Bronzini I, Perazzi A, et al. Effects of in vivo applications of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PB-MSCs) and platlet-rich plasma (PRP) on experimentally injured deep digital flexor tendons of sheep. J Orthop Res 2013;31:306-314.
106. Rigó IZ, Haugstvedt JR, Ludvigsen P, Røkkum M. Comparison of modified Kessler and Yotsumoto-Dona suture: a biomechanical study on porcine tendons. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2012;46:313-317.
107. Henderson J, Sutcliffe M, Gillespie P. Epitendinous suture techniques in extensor tendon repairs - an experimental evaluation. J Hand Surg Am 2011;36:1968-1973.
108. Silfverskiöld KL, May EJ. Flexor tendon repair in zone II with a new suture technique and an early mobilization program combining passive and active flexion. J Hand Surg Am 1994;19:53-60.
109. Becker H, Orak F, Duponselle E. Early active motion following a beveled technique of flexor tendon repair: report on fifty cases. J Hand Surg Am 1979;4:454-460.
110. Derby BM, Reichensperger J, Chambers C, et al. Early growth response factor-1: expression in a rabbit flexor tendon scar model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;129:435-442.
111. Oryan A, Moshiri A, Meimandi Parizi AH, Raayat Jahromi A. Repeated administration of exogenous Sodium-hyaluronate improved tendon healing in an in vivo transection model. J Tissue Viability 2012;21:88-102.
112. Oryan A, Moshiri A. A long term study on the role of exogenous human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor on the superficial digital flexor tendon healing in rabbits. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2011;11:185-195.
113. Moshiri A, Oryan A. Structural and functional modulation of early healing of full-thickness superficial digital flexor tendon rupture in rabbits by repeated subcutaneous administration of exogenous human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor. J Foot Ankle Surg 2011;50:654-662.
114. Håkansson J, Mahlapuu M, Ekström L, Olmarker K, Wiig M. Effect of lactoferrin peptide (PXL01) on rabbit digit mobility after flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg Am 2012;37:2519-2525.
115. Sato T, Shimizu H, Beppu M, Takagi M. Effects on bone union and prevention of tendon adhesion by new porous anti-adhesive poly L-lactide-co-?-caprolactone membrane in a rabbit model. Hand Surg 2013;18:1-10.
116. Sereysky JB, Andarawis-Puri N, Jepsen KJ, Flatow EL. Structural and mechanical effects of in vivo fatigue damage induction on murine tendon. J Orthop Res 2012;30:965-972.
117. Fung DT, Wang VM, Andarawis-Puri N, et al. Early response to tendon fatigue damage accumulation in a novel in vivo model. J Biomech 2010;43:274-279.
118. Andarawis-Puri N, Sereysky JB, Sun HB, Jepsen KJ, Flatow EL. Molecular response of the patellar tendon to fatigue loading explained in the context of the initial induced damage and number of fatigue loading cycles. J Orthop Res 2012;30:1327-1334.
119. Andarawis-Puri N, Sereysky JB, Jepsen KJ, Flatow EL. The relationships between cyclic fatigue loading, changes in initial mechanical properties, and the in vivo temporal mechanical response of the rat patellar tendon. J Biomech 2012;45:59-65.
120. Voleti PB, Buckley MR, Soslowsky LJ. Tendon healing: repair and regeneration. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2012;14:47-71.
121. Rui YF, Lui PP, Rolf CG, et al. Expression of chondro-osteogenic BMPs in clinical samples of patellar tendinopathy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012;20:1409-1417.
122. Lui PP, Cheuk YC, Lee YW, Chan KM. Ectopic chondro-ossification and erroneous extracellular matrix deposition in a tendon window injury model. J Orthop Res 2012;30:37-46.
123. Dyment NA, Kazemi N, Aschbacher-Smith LE, et al. The relationships among spatiotemporal collagen gene expression, histology, and biomechanics following full-length injury in the murine patellar tendon. J Orthop Res 2012;30:28-36.
124. Ni M, Lui PP, Rui YF, et al. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) promote tendon repair in a rat patellar tendon window defect model. J Orthop Res 2012;30:613-619.
125. Kaux JF, Drion P, Libertiaux V, et al. Eccentric training improves tendon biomechanical properties: a rat model. J Orthop Res 2013;31:119-124.
126. Ng GY, Chung PY. Effects of a therapeutic laser and passive stretching program for treating tendon overuse. Photomed Laser Surg 2012;30:155-159.
127. Xavier M, David DR, de Souza RA, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of low-level light emitting diode therapy on Achilles tendinitis in rats. Lasers Surg Med 2010;42:553-558.
128. Tibor LM, Leek BT, Chase DC, et al. A biomechanical assessment of tendon repair after radiofrequency treatment. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2012;41:E115-E121.
129. Penteado FT, Faloppa F, Giusti G, et al. High-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy in a patellar tendon animal model: a vascularization focused study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011;66:1611-1614.
130. Çinar BM, Çirci E, Balçik C, et al. The effects of extracorporeal shock waves on carrageenan-induced Achilles tendinitis in rats: a biomechanical and histological analysis. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2013;47:266-272.
131. Yoo SD, Choi S, Lee GJ, et al. Effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on nanostructural and biomechanical responses in the collagenase-induced Achilles tendinitis animal model. Lasers Med Sci 2012;27:1195-1204.
132. Ansorge HL, Adams S, Birk DE, Soslowsky LJ. Mechanical, compositional, and structural properties of the post-natal mouse Achilles tendon. Ann Biomed Eng 2011;39:1904-1913.
133. Buckley MR, Dunkman AA, Reuther KE, et al. Validation of an empirical damage model for aging and in vivo injury of the murine patellar tendon. J Biomech Eng 2013;135:041005.