Endocannabinoid system: A multi-facet therapeutic target

Current Clinical Pharmacology

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 110-117

  Kaur, Rimplejeet ^a   Ambwani, Sneha R ^a   Singh, Surjit ^a  

^a ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

CB1 and CB2 receptors; Endocannabinoid targets; Endocannabinoids

Indexed keywords

CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONIST; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; DRONABINOL; ENDOCANNABINOID; NABILONE; NABIXIMOLS; RIMONABANT; CANNABINOID; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AFFECTING AGENT; CANNABIS;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANOREXIA; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DRUG METABOLISM; EPILEPSY; GILLES DE LA TOURETTE SYNDROME; GLAUCOMA; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; INFLAMMATION; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; OBESITY; PAIN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEIZURE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPASTICITY; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; UPREGULATION; VOMITING; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG EFFECTS; METABOLISM; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY;

ANIMALS; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR MODULATORS; CANNABINOIDS; CANNABIS; DRUG DESIGN; ENDOCANNABINOIDS; HUMANS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; RECEPTORS, CANNABINOID;

EID: 84983741950     PISSN: 15748847     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1574884711666160418105339     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Sawzdargo M, Nguyen T, Lee DK, et al. Identification and cloning of three novel human G protein-coupled receptor genes GPR52, PsiGPR53 and GPR55: GPR55 is extensively expressed in human brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999; 64(2): 193-8.
2. Baker D, Pryce G, Davies WL, Hiley CR. In silico patent searching reveals a new cannabinoid receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27(1): 1-4.
3. Pertwee RG. GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan? Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152(7): 984-6.
4. Ross RA. Anandamide and vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 140(5): 790-801.
5. Pertwee RG. Emerging strategies for exploiting cannabinoid receptor agonists as medicines. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 156(3): 397-411.
6. Howlett AC, Barth F, Bonner TI, et al. International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of cannabinoid receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2002; 54(2): 161-202.
7. Devane WA, Hanus L, Breuer A, et al. Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 1992; 258(5090): 1946-9.
8. Pertwee RG, Ross RA. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002; 66(2-3): 101-21.
9. Zygmunt PM, Petersson J, Andersson DA, et al. Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide. Nature 1999; 400(6743): 452-7.
10. Cristino L, de Petrocellis L, Pryce G, Baker D, Guglielmotti V, Di Marzo V. Immunohistochemical localization of cannabinoid type 1 and vanilloid transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptors in the mouse brain. Neuroscience 2006; 139(4): 1405-15.
11. Szabo B, Schlicker E. Effects of cannabinoids on neurotransmission. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005; (168): 327-65.
12. Cota D, Marsicano G, Tschop M, et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis. J Clin Invest 2003; 112(3): 423-31.
13. Osei-Hyiaman D, DePetrillo M, Pacher P, et al. Endocannabinoid activation at hepatic CB1 receptors stimulates fatty acid synthesis and contributes to diet-induced obesity. J Clin Invest 2005; 115(5): 1298-305.
14. Cota D. CB1 receptors: emerging evidence for central and peripheral mechanisms that regulate energy balance, metabolism, and cardiovascular health. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23(7): 507-17.
15. Cavuoto P, McAinch AJ, Hatzinikolas G, Janovska A, Game P, Wittert GA. The expression of receptors for endocannabinoids in human and rodent skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364(1): 105-10.
16. Skaper SD, Buriani A, Dal Toso R, et al. The ALIAmide palmitoylethanolamide and cannabinoids, but not anandamide, are protective in a delayed postglutamate paradigm of excitotoxic death in cerebellar granule neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93(9): 3984-9.
17. Ross RA, Coutts AA, McFarlane SM, et al. Actions of cannabinoid receptor ligands on rat cultured sensory neurones: implications for antinociception. Neuropharmacology 2001; 40(2): 221-32.
18. Galiegue S, Mary S, Marchand J, et al. Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations. Eur J Biochem 1995; 232(1): 54-61.
19. Van Sickle MD, Duncan M, Kingsley PJ, et al. Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors. Science 2005; 310(5746): 329-32.
20. Turu G, Hunyady L. Signal transduction of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. J Mol Endocrinol 2010; 44(2): 75-85.
21. Gulyas AI, Cravatt BF, Bracey MH, et al. Segregation of two endocannabinoid-hydrolyzing enzymes into pre-and postsynaptic compartments in the rat hippocampus, cerebellum and amygdala. Eur J Neurosci 2004; 20(2): 441-58.
22. Kozak KR, Marnett LJ. Oxidative metabolism of endocannabinoids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002; 66(2-3): 211-20.
23. Scientists Speculate On What Caused The Bial Drug Testing Tragedy In France-Forbes. [Internet]; Available from: http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidkroll/2016/01/18/scientistsspeculate-on-what-caused-the-bial-drug-testing-tragedy-infrance/#604bbceb301f.
24. Premature discontinuation of BIAL laboratory clinical trial-2abc3f1c97c0cad07bcd9d711e07d82d.pdf [cited 2016 7 April]: Available from: http://ansm.sante.fr/var/ansm_site/storage/original/application/2abc3f1c97c0cad07bcd9d711e07d82d.pdf.
25. Izzo AA, Camilleri M. Emerging role of cannabinoids in gastrointestinal and liver diseases: basic and clinical aspects. Gut 2008; 57(8): 1140-55.
26. Rubio-Araiz A, Arevalo-Martin A, Gomez-Torres O, et al. The endocannabinoid system modulates a transient TNF pathway that induces neural stem cell proliferation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 38(3): 374-80.
27. Pertwee RG. Ligands that target cannabinoid receptors in the brain: from THC to anandamide and beyond. Addict Biol 2008; 13(2): 147-59.
28. Fride E, Shohami E. The endocannabinoid system: function in survival of the embryo, the newborn and the neuron. Neuroreport 2002; 13(15): 1833-41.
29. Massi P, Patrini G, Rubino T, Fuzio D, Parolaro D. Changes in rat spleen cannabinoid receptors after chronic CP-55,940: an autoradiographic study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997; 58(1): 73-8.
30. Bouaboula M, Dussossoy D, Casellas P. Regulation of peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2 phosphorylation by the inverse agonist SR 144528. Implications for receptor biological responses. J Biol Chem 1999; 274(29): 20397-405.
31. Cabral GA, Griffin-Thomas L. Emerging role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in immune regulation: therapeutic prospects for neuroinflammation. Expert Rev Mol Med 2009; 11: e3.
32. Pertwee RG. The therapeutic potential of drugs that target cannabinoid receptors or modulate the tissue levels or actions of endocannabinoids. AAPS J 2005; 7(3): E625-54.
33. Wu YK, Yeh CF, Ly TW, Hung MS. A new perspective of cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists: approaches toward peripheral CB1R blockers without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 11(12): 1421-9.
34. Wittgen HG, Greupink R, van den Heuvel JJ, et al. Exploiting transport activity of p-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier for the development of peripheral cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists. Mol Pharm 2012; 9(5): 1351-60.
35. Pertwee RG. Cannabinoid receptors and pain. Prog Neurobiol 2001; 63(5): 569-611.
36. Walker JM, Hohmann AG. Cannabinoid mechanisms of pain suppression. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005; (168): 509-54.
37. Stander S, Schmelz M, Metze D, Luger T, Rukwied R. Distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) on sensory nerve fibers and adnexal structures in human skin. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 38(3): 177-88.
38. Whiteside GT, Lee GP, Valenzano KJ. The role of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in pain transmission and therapeutic potential of small molecule CB2 receptor agonists. Curr Med Chem 2007; 14(8): 917-36.
39. Fox A, Bevan S. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid receptor agonists as analgesic agents. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14(6): 695-703.
40. Guindon J, Hohmann AG. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors: a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153(2): 319-34.
41. Rukwied R, Watkinson A, McGlone F, Dvorak M. Cannabinoid agonists attenuate capsaicin-induced responses in human skin. Pain 2003; 102(3): 283-8.
42. Dvorak M, Watkinson A, McGlone F, Rukwied R. Histamine induced responses are attenuated by a cannabinoid receptor agonist in human skin. Inflamm Res 2003; 52(6): 238-45.
43. Gu X, Mei F, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhang J, Ma Z. Intrathecal administration of the cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist JWH015 can attenuate cancer pain and decrease mRNA expression of the 2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid. Anesth Analg 2011; 113(2): 405-11.
44. Potenzieri C, Harding-Rose C, Simone DA. The cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55, 212-2, attenuates tumor-evoked hyperalgesia through peripheral mechanisms. Brain Res 2008; 1215: 69-75.
45. Borner C, Hollt V, Sebald W, Kraus J. Transcriptional regulation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 gene in T cells by cannabinoids. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81(1): 336-43.
46. Mukhopadhyay B, Liu J, Osei-Hyiaman D, et al. Transcriptional regulation of cannabinoid receptor-1 expression in the liver by retinoic acid acting via retinoic acid receptor-gamma. J Biol Chem 2010; 285(25): 19002-11.
47. Jourdan T, Djaouti L, Demizieux L, Gresti J, Verges B, Degrace P. CB1 antagonism exerts specific molecular effects on visceral and subcutaneous fat and reverses liver steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. Diabetes 2010; 59(4): 926-34.
48. Mitrirattanakul S, Ramakul N, Guerrero AV, et al. Site-specific increases in peripheral cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain 2006; 126(1-3): 102-14.
49. Siegling A, Hofmann HA, Denzer D, Mauler F, De Vry J. Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor upregulation in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 415(1): R5-7.
50. Sarfaraz S, Afaq F, Adhami VM, Mukhtar H. Cannabinoid receptor as a novel target for the treatment of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2005; 65(5): 1635-41.
51. Jeong WI, Osei-Hyiaman D, Park O, et al. Paracrine activation of hepatic CB1 receptors by stellate cell-derived endocannabinoids mediates alcoholic fatty liver. Cell Metab 2008; 7(3): 227-35.
52. Lim G, Sung B, Ji RR, Mao J. Upregulation of spinal cannabinoid-1-receptors following nerve injury enhances the effects of Win 55,212-2 on neuropathic pain behaviors in rats. Pain 2003; 105(1-2): 275-83.
53. Wang S, Lim G, Mao J, Sung B, Yang L. Central glucocorticoid receptors regulate the upregulation of spinal cannabinoid-1 receptors after peripheral nerve injury in rats. Pain 2007; 131(1-2): 96-105.
54. Little JP, Villanueva EB, Klegeris A. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in the treatment of neuroinflammation associated with Parkinson's disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011; 11(7): 582-90.
55. Fernandez-Ruiz J, Moreno-Martet M, Rodriguez-Cueto C, et al. Prospects for cannabinoid therapies in basal ganglia disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163(7): 1365-78.
56. Zhang M, Martin BR, Adler MW, Razdan RK, Jallo JI, Tuma RF. Cannabinoid CB(2) receptor activation decreases cerebral infarction in a mouse focal ischemia/reperfusion model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007; 27(7): 1387-96.
57. Pacher P, Hasko G. Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153(2): 252-62.
58. Steffens S, Veillard NR, Arnaud C, et al. Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice. Nature 2005; 434(7034): 782-6.
59. Hoyer FF, Steinmetz M, Zimmer S, et al. Atheroprotection via cannabinoid receptor-2 is mediated by circulating and vascular cells in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51(6): 1007-14.
60. Lotersztajn S, Teixeira-Clerc F, Julien B, et al. CB2 receptors as new therapeutic targets for liver diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153(2): 286-9.
61. Mallat A, Teixeira-Clerc F, Deveaux V, Manin S, Lotersztajn S. The endocannabinoid system as a key mediator during liver diseases: new insights and therapeutic openings. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163(7): 1432-40.
62. Huang L, Quinn MA, Frampton GA, Golden LE, DeMorrow S. Recent advances in the understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system in liver diseases. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43(3): 188-93.
63. Barutta F, Piscitelli F, Pinach S, et al. Protective role of cannabinoid receptor type 2 in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2011; 60(9): 2386-96.
64. Bab I, Zimmer A, Melamed E. Cannabinoids and the skeleton: from marijuana to reversal of bone loss. Ann Med 2009; 41(8): 560-7.
65. Di Marzo V, De Petrocellis L, Bisogno T. The biosynthesis, fate and pharmacological properties of endocannabinoids. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005; (168): 147-85.
66. Ho WS, Hillard CJ. Modulators of endocannabinoid enzymic hydrolysis and membrane transport. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2005(168):187-207.
67. Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH. Fatty acid amide hydrolase: an emerging therapeutic target in the endocannabinoid system. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2003; 7(4): 469-75.
68. Otrubova K, Ezzili C, Boger DL. The discovery and development of inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21(16): 4674-85.