Gold nanoparticles as efficient sensors in colorimetric detection of toxic metal ions: A review

Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

Volumn 238, Issue , 2017, Pages 888-902

  Priyadarshini, E ^a   Pradhan, N ^a  

^a CSIR INSTITUTE OF MINERALS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Colorimetric; Detection; Functionalization; Gold nanoparticles; Metal ions

Indexed keywords

COLOR; COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS; COLORIMETRY; COST EFFECTIVENESS; ERROR DETECTION; FIBER OPTIC SENSORS; GOLD; METAL IONS; METALS; NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; POLLUTION; POLLUTION DETECTION;

COLORIMETRIC; COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; COMBAT ENVIRONMENTS; DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT; FUNCTIONALIZATIONS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; HIGH PRECISION DETECTIONS; HIGH SURFACE-TO-VOLUME RATIO;

METAL NANOPARTICLES;

EID: 84979787878     PISSN: 09254005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.06.081     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. [1] Parham, H., Pourreza, N., Rahbar, N., Solid phase extraction of lead and cadmium using solid sulfur as a new metal extractor prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Hazard. Mater. 163 (2009), 588–592.
2. [2] D'Ilio, S., Petrucci, F., D'Amato, M., Di Gregorio, M., Senofonte, O., Violante, N., Method validation for determination of arsenic cadmium, chromium and lead in milk by means of dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 624 (2008), 59–67.
3. [3] Kim, T.H., Kim, S.H., Tan, L.V., Dong, Y., Kim, H., Kim, J.S., Diazo-coupled calix[4]arenes for qualitative analytical screening of metal ions. Talanta 74 (2008), 1654–1658.
4. [4] Gabig-Ciminska, M., Developing nuclei acid-based electrical detection systems. Microb. Cell Fact., 5, 2006, 9.
5. [5] Wang, C., Yu, C., Detection of chemical pollutants in water using gold nanoparticles as sensors: a review. Rev. Anal. Chem. 32:1 (2013), 1–14.
6. [6] Eustis, S., El-Sayed, M.A., Why gold nanoparticles are more precious than pretty gold: noble metalsurface plasmon resonance and its enhancement of the radiative and nonradiative properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 35 (2006), 209–217.
7. [7] Oliveira, E., Nunez, C., Santos, H.M., Fernandez- Lodeiro, J., Fernandez-Lodeiro, A., Capelo, J.L., Lodeiro, C., Revisiting the use of gold and silver functionalised nanoparticles as colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensors for metal ions. Sens. Actuators B, 2015, 10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.026.
8. [8] Vilela, D., Gonzalez, M.C., Escarpa, A., Sensing colorimetric approaches based on gold and silver nanoparticles aggregation: chemical creativity behind the assay. A review. Anal. Chim. Acta 751 (2012), 24–43.
9. 2+ heavy metal ions using Au nanoparticles. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 (2009), 33–46.
10. [10] Bunz, U.H.F., Rotello, V.M., Gold nanoparticle-flurophore complexes: sensitive and discerning noses for biosystems sensing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49:19 (2010), 3268–3279.
11. [11] Syed, M.A., Bokhari, S.H., Gold nanoparticle based microbial detection and identification. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 7:2 (2011), 229–237.
12. [12] Agarwal, A., Tripp, R.A., Anderson, L.J., Nie, S., Real-time detection of virus particles and viral protein expression with two-color nanoparticle probes. J. Virol. 79:13 (2005), 8625–8628.
13. [13] Turkevich, J., Stevenson, P.C., Hillier, J., A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 11 (1951), 55–75.
14. [14] Brust, M., Walker, M., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D.J., Whyman, R.J., Synthesus of thiol derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two phase liquid/liquid system. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 801, 1994.
15. [15] Priyadarshini, E., Pradhan, N., Sukla, L.B., Panda, P.K., Mishra, B.K., Biogenic synthesis of floral shaped gold nanoparticles using a novel strain: Talaromyces flavus. Ann. Microbiol. 64 (2014), 1055–1063.
16. [16] Jain, P.K., Lee, K.S., El-Sayed, I.H., El-Sayed, M.A., Calculated absorption and scattering properties of gold nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition: applications in biological imaging and biomedicine. J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006), 7238–7248.
17. [17] Njoki, P.N., Lim, I.I.S., Mott, D., Park, H.Y., Khan, B., Mishra, S., Sujakumar, R., Luo, J., Zhong, C.J., Size correlation of optical and spectroscopic properties for gold nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. C 111:40 (2007), 14664–14669.
18. [18] Halas, N.J., Lal, S., Chang, W.S., Link, S., Nordlander, P., Plasmons in strongly coupled metallic nanostructures. Chem. Rev., 111, 2011, 3913.
19. [19] Agasti, S.S., Rana, S., Park, M., Kim, C.K., You, C., Rotello, V.M., Nanoparticles for detection and diagnosis. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 62:3 (2010), 316–328.
20. [20] Haick, H.J., Chemical sensors based on molecularly modified metallic nanoparticles. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 (2007), 7173–7186.
21. [21] Zayats, M., Baron, R., Popov, I., Willner, I., Biocatalytic growth of Au nanoparticles: from mechanistic aspects to biosensors design. Nano. Lett. 5:1 (2005), 21–25.
22. [22] Li, Y., Schluesenerb, H.J., Xu, S., Gold nanoparticle-based biosensors. Gold Bull. 43:1 (2010), 29–41.
23. [23] Su, K.H., Wei, Q.H., Zhang, X., Mock, J.J., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S., Interparticle coupling effects on plasmon resonances of nanogold particles. Nano. Lett., 3, 2003, 1087.
24. [24] Srivastava, S., Frankamp, B.L., Rotello, V.M., Controlled plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles self-assembled with PAMAM dendrimers. Chem. Mater. 17 (2005), 487–490.
25. [25] Wu, Y., Zhan, S., Wang, F., He, L., Zhia, W., Zhou, P., Cationic polymers and aptamers mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles for the colorimetric detection of arsenic(III) in aqueous solution. Chem. Commun. 48 (2012), 4459–4461.
26. [26] Englebienne, P., Use of colloidal gold surface plasmon resonance peak shift to infer affinity constants from the interactions between protein antigens and antibodies specific for single or multiple epitopes. Analyst 123 (1998), 1599–1603.
27. [27] Katz, E., Willner, I., Wang, J., Electroanalytical and bioelectroanalytical systems based on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. Electroanalysis 16 (2004), 19–44.
28. [28] Jain, P.K., El-Sayed, I.H., El-Sayed, M.A., Au nanoparticles target cancer. Nano Today 2 (2007), 18–29.
29. [29] Kneipp, K., Wang, Y., Kneipp, H., Perelman, L.T., Itzkan, I., Dasari, R., Feld, M.S., Single molecule detection using surface—enhanced raman scattering (SERS). Phys. Rev. Lett., 78(9), 1997, 1667.
30. [30] Mirkin, C.A., Letsinger, R.L., Mucic, R.C., Storhoff, J.J., A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials. Nature 382 (1996), 607–609.
31. [31] Alivisatos, A.P., Johnsson, K.P., Peng, X., Wilson, T.E., Loweth, C.J., Bruchez, M.P. Jr., Schultz, P.G., Organization of nanocrystal molecules using DNA. Nature 382 (1996), 609–611.
32. [32] Tan, J.J., Liu, R.G., Wang, W., Liu, W.Y., Tian, Y., Wu, M., Huang, Y., Controllable aggregration and reversible pH sensitivity of AuNPs regulated by caroxymethyl cellulose. Langmuir 26:3 (2010), 2093–2098.
33. [33] Wei, H., Li, B.L., Li, J., Dong, S.J., Wang, E.K., DNAzyme-based colorimetric sensing of lead (Pb(2+)) using unmodified gold nanoparticle probes. Nanotechnology 19 (2008), 095501–095505.
34. [34] Wang, Z.D., Lee, J.H., Lu, Y., Label-free colorimetric detection of lead ions with a nanomolar detection limit and tunable dynamic range by using gold nanoparticles and DNAzyme. Adv. Mater. 20:17 (2008), 3263–3267.
35. [35] Daniel, M.C., Astruc, D., Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chem. Rev. 104:1 (2004), 293–346.
36. [36] Rosi, N.L., Mirkin, C.A., Nanostructures in biodiagnostics. Chem. Rev. 105:4 (2005), 1547–1562.
37. [37] Tzhayik, O., Sawant, P., Efrima, S., Kovalev, E., Klug, J.T., Xanthate capping of silver, copper, and gold colloids. Langmuir 18:8 (2002), 3364–3369.
38. [38] Yonezawa, T., Yasui, K., Kimizuka, N., Controlled formation of smaller gold nanoparticles by the use of four-chained disulfide stabilizer. Langmuir 17:2 (2001), 271–273.
39. [39] Shelley, E.J., Ryan, D., Johnson, S.R., Couillard, M., Fitzmaurice, D., Nellist, P.D., Chen, Y., Palmer, R.E., Preece, J.A., Dialkyl sulfides: novel passivating agents for gold nanoparticles. Langmuir 18 (2002), 1791–1795.
40. [40] Zhao, L., Jin, Y., Yan, Z., Liu, Y., Zhu, H., Novel, highly selective detection of Cr(III) in aqueous solution based on a gold nanoparticles colorimetric assay and its application for determining Cr(VI). Anal. Chim. Acta 731 (2012), 75–81.
41. [41] Matsui, J., Akamatsu, K., Hara, N., Miyoshi, D., Nawafune, H., Tamaki, K., Sugimoto, N., SPR sensor chip for detection of small molecules using molecularly imprinted polymer with embedded gold nanoparticles. Anal. Chem. 77 (2005), 4282–4285.
42. [42] Yu, C., Vahgese, L., Irudayaraj, J., Surface modification of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-capped gold nanorods to make molecular probes. Langmuir 23:17 (2007), 9114–9119.
43. [43] Ratnarathorn, N., Chailapakul, O., Dungchai, W., Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of lead using maleic acid functionalized gold nanoparticle. Talanta, 10, 2014, 24.
44. [44] Gomez, S., Philippot, K., Colliere, V., Chaudret, B., Senocq, F., Lecante, P., Gold nanoparticles from self-assembled gold(I) amine precursors. Chem. Commun., 2000, 1945–1946.
45. [45] Heath, J.R., Knobler, C.M., Leff, D.V.J., Pressure/temperature phase diagrams and supperlattices of organically functionalized metal nanocrystal monolayers: the influence of particle size, size distribution and surface passivant. Phys. Chem. B 101 (1997), 189–197.
46. [46] Elghanian, R., Storhoff, J.J., Mucic, R.C., Letsinger, R.L., Mirkin, C.A., Selective colorimetric detection of polynucleotides based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles. Science 277 (1997), 1078–1081.
47. [47] Wijaya, A., Hamad-Schifferli, K., Ligand customization and DNA functionalization of gold nanorods via round-trip phase transfer ligand exchange. Langmuir 24 (2008), 9966–9969.
48. [48] Wijaya, A., Schaffer, S.B., Pallares, I.G., Hamad-Schifferli, K., Selective release of multiple DNA oligonucleotides from gold nanorods. ACS Nano 3 (2009), 80–86.
49. [49] Kalluri, J.R., Arbneshi, T., Khan, S.A., Neely, A., Candice, P., Varisli, B., Washington, M., McAfee, S., Robinson, B., Banerjee, S., Singh, A.K., Senapati, D., Ray, P.C., Use of gold nanoparticles in a simple colorimetric and ultrasensitive dynamic light scattering assay: selective detection of arsenic in groundwater. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 (2009), 1–5.
50. [50] Neeley, A., Khan, S.A., Beqa, L., Fan, Z., Singh, A.K., Lu, W., Senapati, D., Arbneshi, T., Lee, E., Anderson, Y., Banerjee, S., Mao, J., Dubey, M., Amirtharaj, P., Ray, P., Selective detection of chemical and biological toxins using gold-nanoparticle-based two-photon scattering assay. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 10, 2011, 1.
51. [51] Dominguez-Gonzalez, R., GonzalezVarela, L., Bermejo-Barrera, P., Functionalized gold nanoparticles for the detection of arsenic in water. Talanta 118 (2014), 262–269.
52. [52] Zhan, S., Yu, M., Lv, J., Wang, L., Zhou, P., Colorimetric detection of trace arsenic(III) in aqueous solution using arsenic aptamer and gold nanoparticles. Aust. J. Chem. 67 (2014), 813–818.
53. [53] Hong, S., Park, S., Lee, S., Yang, Y.I., Don Song, H., Yi, J., The sensitive, anion-selective detection of arsenate with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) by single particle plasmon-based spectroscopy. Anal. Chim. Acta 694 (2011), 136–141.
54. [54] Weng, C., Cang, J., Chang, J., Hsiung, T., Unnikrishnan, B., Hung, Y., Tseng, Y., Li, Y., Shen, Y., Huang, C., DDetection of arsenic(III) through pulsed laser-induced desorption/ionization of gold nanoparticles on cellulose membranes. Anal. Chem. 86 (2014), 3167–3173.
55. [55] Xia, N., Shi, Y., Zhang, R., Zhao, F., Liua, F., Liu, L., Simple, rapid and label-free colorimetric assay for arsenic based on unmodified gold nanoparticles and a phytochelatin-like peptide. Anal. Methods 4 (2012), 3937–3941.
56. [56] Yu, C., Tseng, W., Colorimetric detection of mercury(II) in a high-salinity solution using gold nanoparticles capped with 3-mercaptopropionate acid and adenosine monophosphate. Langmuir 24 (2008), 12717–12722.
57. [57] Si, S., Kotal, A., Mandal, T.K., One-dimensional assembly of peptide functionalized gold nanoparticles: an approach towards mercury ion sensing. J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 2007, 1248.
58. [58] Darbha, G.K., Singh, A.K., Rai, U.S., Yu, E., Yu, H., Ray, P.C., Selective detection of mercury(II) ion using nonlinear optical properties of gold nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130:25 (2008), 8038–8043.
59. [59] Kim, Y.R., Mahajan, R.K., Kim, J.S., Kim, H., Highly sensitive gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensing of mercury(II) through simple ligand exchange reaction in aqueous media. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2:1 (2010), 292–295.
60. 2+ induced by ultraviolet light. Nanotechnology 21 (2010), 1–6 025501.
61. [61] Guo, Y., Wangb, Z., Qub, W., Shao, H., Jiang, X., Colorimetric detection of mercury, lead and copper ions simultaneously using protein-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Biosens. Bioelectron. 26 (2011), 4064–4069.
62. [62] Reynolds, R.A., Mirkin, C.A., Letsinger, R.L., Homogeneous, nanoparticle-based quantitative colorimetric detection of oligonucleotides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:15 (2000), 3795–3796.
63. [63] Kim, I.B., Bunz, U.H.F., Modulating the sensory response of a conjugated polymer by proteins: an agglutination assay for mercury ions in water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128:9 (2006), 2818–2819.
64. [64] D. Voet and J.G. Voet, Biochemistry, New York, 1990.
65. 2+ ions by oligonucleotide–gold nanoparticle hybrids and DNA-based machines. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 120 (2008), 3991–3995.
66. [66] You, J., Hu, H.Z., Zhou, J.P., Zhang, L.N., Zhang, Y.P., Kondo, T., Novel cellulose polyampholyte-gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric competition assay for the detection of cysteine and mercury(II). Langmuir 29:16 (2013), 5085–5092.
67. 2+ using thioctic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv., 3, 2013, 24618.
68. [68] Boopathi, S., Senthilkumar, S., Phani, K.L., Facile and one pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles using tetraphenylborate and polyvinylpyrrolidone for selective colorimetric detection of mercury ions in aqueous medium. J. Anal. Methods Chem., 2012, 6 Article ID 348965.
69. [69] Chansuvarn, W., Imyim, A., Visual and colorimetric detection of mercury(II) ion using gold nanoparticles stabilized with a dithia-diaza ligand. Microchim. Acta 176 (2012), 57–64.
70. [70] Rex, M., Hernandez, F.E., Campiglia, A.D., Pushing the limits of mercury sensors with gold nanorods. Anal. Chem. 78:2 (2006), 445–451.
71. 2+) in aqueous media using DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46, 2007, 4093.
72. 2+) using DNA/nanoparticle conjugate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008), 3244–3245.
73. [73] Chen, G., Chen, W., Yen, Y., Wang, C., Chang, H., Chen, C., Detection of mercury(II) ions using colorimetric gold nanoparticles on paper-based analytical devices. Anal. Chem. 86 (2014), 6843–6849.
74. 2+. Analyst, 136, 2011, 4770.
75. [75] Lou, T., Chen, L., Zhang, C., Kang, Q., You, H., Shen, D., Chen, L., A simple and sensitive colorimetric method for detection of mercury ions based on anti-aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Anal. Methods, 4, 2012, 488.
76. [76] Chen, L., Li, J., Chen, L., Colorimetric detection of mercury species based on functionalized gold nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5:2 (2014), 284–290.
77. [77] Liu, X., Wu, Z., Zhang, Q., Zhao, W., Zong, C., Gai, H., Single gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection of picomolar mercury ion with dark-field microscopy. Anal. Chem., 2016, 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03653.
78. [78] Lisha, K.P., Anshup, Pradeep, T., Towards a practical solution for removing inorganic mercury from drinking water using gold nanoparticles. Gold Bull., 42(2), 2009.
79. [79] Zhao, L., Jin, Y., Yan, Z., Liu, Y., Zhu, H., Novel, highly selective detection of Cr(III) in aqueous solution based on a gold nanoparticles colorimetric assay and its application for determining Cr(VI). Anal. Chim. Acta 731 (2012), 75–81.
80. [80] Dong, C., Wu, G., Wang, Z., Ren, W., Zhang, Y., Shen, Z., Li, T., Wu, A., Selective colorimetric detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using gallic acid capped gold nanoparticles. Daltons Trans., 2015, 10.1039/c5dt04099j.
81. [81] Gabriel, C., Raptopoulou, C.P., Terzis, A., Tangoulis, V., Mateescu, C., Salifoglou, A., pH-specific synthesis and spectroscopic, structural, and magnetic studies of a chromium(III)-citrate species. Aqueous solution specification of the binary chromium(III) citrate system. Inorg. Chem. 46 (2007), 2998–3009.
82. [82] Liu, Y., Wang, X., Colorimetric speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with a gold nanoparticle probe. Anal. Methods 5 (2013), 1442–1448.
83. [83] Wang, X., Wei, Y., Wang, S., Chen, L., Red-to-blue colorimetric detection of chromium via Cr(III)-citrate chelating based on Tween 20-stabilized gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 472 (2015), 57–62.
84. [84] Elavarasi, M., Rajeshwari, A., Chandrasekaran, N., Mukherjee, A., Simple colorimetric detection of Cr(III) in the aqueous solutions by the 1 as synthesized citrate capped gold nanoparticles and development of a paper based assay. Anal. Methods, 2013, 10.1039/C3AY41435C.
85. [85] Li, J., Dua, J., Zhang, J., Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles for sensitive colorimetric detection of chromium(III). J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 61, 2014 000–000.
86. [86] Chen, W., Cao, F., Zheng, W., Tian, Y., Xianyu, Y., Xu, P., Zhang, W., Wang, Z., Deng, K., Jiang, X., Detection of nanomolar level of total Cr[(III) and (VI)] by functionalized gold nanoparticles and a smartphone with the assistance of theoretical calculation models. Nanoscale 7:5 (2015), 2042–2049.
87. [87] Jena, B.K., Raj, C.R., Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of sub-ppb level chromium(VI) using nano-sized gold particle. Talanta 76:1 (2008), 161–165.
88. [88] Hughes, S.I., Dasary, S.S.R., Singh, A.K., Glenn, Z., Jamison, H., Ray, P.C., Yu, H., Sensitive and selective detection of trivalent chromium using hyper Rayleigh scattering with 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-modified gold nanoparticles. Sens. Actuators: B. Chem. 178 (2013), 514–519.
89. 2+ detection by deprotonation of secondary amines. Sens. Actuators B 156:1 (2011), 456–462.
90. [90] Salcedo, A.R.M., Sevilla, F.B. III, Citrate-capped gold nanoparticles as colorimetric reagent for copper(II) ions, philippine. Sci. Lett. 6:1 (2013), 90–96.
91. [91] Brewer, S.H., Glomm, W.R., Johnson, M.C., Knag, M.K., Franzen, S., Probing BSA binding to citrate-coated gold nanoparticles and surfaces. Langmuir 21 (2005), 9303–9307.
92. [92] Yang, W.R., Gooding, J.J., He, Z.C., Li, Q., Chen, G.N.J., Fast colorimetric detection of copper ions using L-cysteine functionalized gold nanoparticles. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7 (2007), 712–716.
93. [93] Wang, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Liu, C., Colorimetric detection of copper(II) based on the self-assembly of schiff's base-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Int. J. Chem., 4(4), 2012, 10.5539/ijc.v4n4p90.
94. [94] Zhou, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, K., Jiang, X., Visual detection of copper(II) by azide- and alkyne-functionalized gold nanoparticles using click chemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47 (2008), 1–4.
95. [95] Hua, C., Zhang, W.H., De Almeida, S.R.M., Ciampi, S., Gloria, D., Liu, G., Harper, J.B., Gooding, J.J., A novel route to copper(II) detection using ‘click’ chemistry-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Analyst 137 (2012), 82–86.
96. [96] Gunupuru, R., Maity, D., Bhadu, G., Chakraborty, A., Srivastava, D.N., Raul, P., Colorimetric detection of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions using calix[4]arene functionalized gold nanoparticles. J. Chem. Sci. 126:3 (2014), 627–635.
97. [97] Wang, H., Vongsvivut, J., Lia, R., Glushenkovb, A.M., Hed, J., Chen, Y., Barrowa, C.J., Yang, W., Self-assembly of core-satellite gold nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of copper ions. Anal. Chim. Acta 803 (2013), 128–134.
98. [98] Shao, N., Jin, J.Y., Cheung, S.M., Yang, R.H., Chan, W.H., Mo, T., A spiropyran-basedensemble for visual recognition and quantification of cysteine and homocys-teine at physiological levels. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 (2006), 4944–4948.
99. [99] Liu, R., Chen, Z., Wang, S., Qu, C., Chen, L., Wang, Z., Colorimetric sensing of copper(II) based on catalytic etching of gold nanoparticles. Talanta 112 (2013), 37–42.
100. 2 using gold nanorods as an indicator. Analyst, 138, 2013, 2080.
101. [101] Zhang, Z., Chen, Z., Qu, C., Chen, L., Highly sensitive visual detection of copper ions based on the shape-dependent LSPR spectroscopy of gold nanorods. Langmuir 30 (2014), 3625–3630.
102. [102] Zhang, S., Nicol, M.J.J., An electrochemical study of the dissolution of gold in thiosulfate solutions. Appl. Electrochem. 35:3 (2005), 339–345.
103. [103] Lou, T., Chen, L., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., Li, L.C.J., Colorimetric detection of trace copper ions based on catalytic leaching of silver-coated gold nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3 (2011), 4215–4220.
104. [104] Bindhu, M.R., Umadevi, M., Silver and gold nanoparticles for sensor and antibacterial applications. Spectrochim. Acta Part A 128 (2014), 37–45.
105. 2+ using glutathione functionalized gold nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2:5 (2010), 1466–1470.
106. [106] Ratnarathorn, N., Chailapakul, O., Dungchai, W., Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of lead using maleic acid functionalized gold nanoparticle. Talanta, 10, 2014, 24.
107. [107] Li, X., Wang, Z., Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay for determination of lead(II) in aqueous media. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 26:2 (2010), 194–197.
108. [108] Kim, Y., Johnson, R.C., Hupp, J.T., Gold nanoparticle-based sensing of spectroscopically silent heavy metal ions. Nano Lett. 1:4 (2001), 165–167.
109. [109] Ratnarathorn, N., Chailapakul, O., Dungchai, W., Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of lead using maleic acid functionalized gold nanoparticle. Talanta 132 (2014), 613–618.
110. [110] Yoosaf, K., Ipe, B.I., Suresh, C.H., Thomas, K.G., In situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles and selective naked-eye detection of lead ions from aqueous media. J. Phys. Chem. C 111:34 (2007), 12839–12847.
111. [111] McDonald, M., Mila, I., Scalbert, A., Precipitation of metal ions by plant polyphenols: optimal conditions and origin of precipitation. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 44:2 (1996), 599–606.
112. [112] Lin, S.Y., Wu, S.H., Chen, C.H., A simple strategy for prompt visual sensing by gold nanoparticles: general applications of interparticle hydrogen bonds. Angew. Chem. Int Ed. 45:30 (2006), 4948–4951.
113. [113] Liu, J., Lu, Y., A colorimetric lead biosensor using DNAzyme-directed assembly of gold nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003), 6642–6643.
114. 2+ detection. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004), 12298–12305.
115. [115] Zhao, W., Lam, J.C.F., Chiuman, W., Brook, M.A., Li, Y., Colorimetric detection of copper(II) based on the self-assembly of schiff's base-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Small 4:6 (2008), 810–816.
116. [116] Li, C., Wei, L., Liu, X., Lei, L., Li, G., Ultrasensitive detection of lead ion based on target induced assembly of DNAzyme modified gold nanoparticle and graphene oxide. Anal. Chim. Acta 831 (2014), 60–64, 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.001.
117. [117] Mendes, A.M.S., Duda, G.P., do Nascimento, C.W.A., Silva, M.O., Bioavailability of cadmium and lead in a soil amended with phosphorus fertilizers. Sci. Agric. 63 (2006), 328–332.
118. [118] Jiang, G., Xu, L., Song, S., Zhu, C., Wu, Q., Zhang, L., Wu, L., Effects of long-term low-dose cadmium exposure on genomic DNA methylation in human embryo lungfibroblast cells. Toxicology 244 (2008), 49–55.
119. [119] Godt, J., Scheidig, F., Grosse-Siestrup, C., Esche, V., Brandenburg, P., Reich, A., Groneberg, D.A., The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 1 (2006), 1–6.
120. [120] Sung, Y., Wu, S., Colorimetric detection of Cd(II) ions based ondi-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methanethione functionalized gold nanoparticles. Sens. Actuators B 201 (2014), 86–91.
121. [121] Wang, A., Guo, H., Zhang, M., Zhou, D., Wang, R., Feng, J., ensitive and selective colorimetric detection of cadmium(II) using gold nanoparticles modified with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole. Microchim. Acta 180 (2013), 1051–1057.
122. [122] Guo, Y., Zhang, Y., Shao, H., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Jiang, X., Label-free colorimetric detection of cadmium ions in rice samples using gold nanoparticles. Anal. Chem. 86:17 (2014), 8530–8534, 10.1021/ac502461r.
123. 2+ using gold nanoparticles cofunctionalized with 6-mercaptonicotinic acid and L-cysteine. Analyst, 136, 2011, 3725.
124. [124] Chen, N., Chen, J., Yang, J., Bai, L., Zhang, Y., Colorimetric detection of cadmium ions using DL-mercaptosuccinic acid-modified gold nanoparticles. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16 (2016), 840–843.
125. 2+ using peptide-modified gold nanoparticles. Analyst, 137, 2012, 601.
126. [126] Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Xu, X., Yang, X., Specifically colorimetric recognition of calcium, strontium, and barium ions using 2-mercaptosuccinic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticles and its use in reliable detection of calcium ion in water. Analyst 136:19 (2011), 3865–3868.
127. [127] Gong, W., Bai, L., Cui, C., Zhou, Y., Zhao, X., Rapid visual detection of calcium ions using glutathione functionalized gold nanoparticles. Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, 2011, 10.1109/ICMTMA.2011.519.
128. [128] Kim, S., Park, J.W., Kim, D., Kim, D., Lee, I., Jon, S., Bioinspired colorimetric detection of calcium(II) ions in serum using calsequestrin-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 (2009), 4138–4141.
129. [129] Eom, M.S., Jang, W., Lee, Y.S., Choi, G., Kwon, Y., Han, M.S., A bi-ligand co-functionalized gold nanoparticles-based calcium ion probe and its application to the detection of calcium ions in serum. Chem. Commun. 48 (2012), 5566–5568.
130. [130] Bai, L., Chen, Y., Chen, N., Chen, J., Zhou, X., Hu, L., Visual detection of barium ions using tiopronin functionalised gold nanoparticles. Micro Nano Lett. 6:6 (2011), 337–341.
131. [131] Lisowski, C.E., Hutchison, J.E., Malonamide-functionalized gold nanoparticles for selective, colorimetric sensing of trivalent lanthanide ions. Anal. Chem. 81 (2009), 10246–10253.
132. [132] Ali, T.A., Mohamed, G.G., Azzam, E.M.S., Abd-elaal, A.A., Thiol surfactant assembeled on gold nanoparticles ion exchanger for screen-printed electrode fabrication. Potentiometric determination of Ce(III) in environmental polluted samples. Sens. Acutators B 191 (2014), 192–203.
133. [133] Priyadarshini, E., Pradhan, N., Panda, P.K., Mishra, B.K., Biogenic unmodified gold nanoparticles for selective and quantitative detection of cerium using UV–vis spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy (DLS). Biosens. Bioelectron. 68 (2015), 598–603.
134. 2+): development and comparison of labeled and label-free DNAzyme-gold nanoparticle systems. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008), 14217–14226.
135. 2+ ions. Front. Mater. Sci. 5:3 (2011), 322–328.