Gold Nanoparticle-Based Sensing of "Spectroscopically Silent" Heavy Metal Ions

Nano Letters

Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 165-167

  Kim, Youngjin ^a   Johnson, Robert C ^a   Hupp, Joseph T ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0141806883     PISSN: 15306984     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nl0100116     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. According to the EPA guidelines (http://oaspub.epa.gov), tolerance limits for lead, mercury, and cadmium in drinking water are no greater than 0.015 mg/L, 0.002 mg/L, and 0.005 mg/L, respectively.
2. For example: Bruchez, M.; Moronne, M.; Gin, P.; Weiss, S.; Alivisatos, A. P. Science 1998, 281, 2013-2016.
3. For reviews of HRS techniques and applications, see: (a) Clays, K.; Persoons, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 2980-2983. (b) Clays, K.; Persoons, A. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1994, 5, 2190-2194. (c) Johnson, R. C.; Hupp, J. T. The Spectrum, Bowling Green State University, 2000, 13, 1-8.
4. For reviews of HRS techniques and applications, see: (a) Clays, K.; Persoons, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 2980-2983. (b) Clays, K.; Persoons, A. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1994, 5, 2190-2194. (c) Johnson, R. C.; Hupp, J. T. The Spectrum, Bowling Green State University, 2000, 13, 1-8.
5. For reviews of HRS techniques and applications, see: (a) Clays, K.; Persoons, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 2980-2983. (b) Clays, K.; Persoons, A. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1994, 5, 2190-2194. (c) Johnson, R. C.; Hupp, J. T. The Spectrum, Bowling Green State University, 2000, 13, 1-8.
6. 13C NMR, and elemental analysis (see Supporting Information).
7. 13C NMR, and elemental analysis (see Supporting Information).
8. The particle size and degree of dispersion were determined by HRTEM (Hitachi HR 2000, 200 kV accelerating voltage).
9. -1.
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16. Without the stabilizer, the metal-ion specificity of the aggregation is lost, at least at millimolar and high micromolar concentrations, an effect likely caused by collapse of the suspension-stabilizing diffuse double layer upon increasing the ionic strength. If large amounts of salt are added, even with PVA, indiscriminate irreversible aggregation and precipitation occur.
17. For acetate, for example, the stability constants are log K(Pb) = 4.1, log K(Hg) = 10.1, log K(Cd) = 3.2, and log K(Zn) = 1.8. Morel, F. M. M. Principles of Aquatic Chemistry, Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1983; pp 237-310.
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20. (c) Johnson, R. C.; Hupp, J. T. In Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications; Feldheim, D. L.; Foss, C., Eds.; Marcel-Dekker: New York, in press.
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25. Measurements were made by using a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (820 nm) with lock-in detection at 410 nm, as previously described (ref 12b). Variable wavelength detection experiments established that the observed signals were due to HRS rather than two-photon-induced fluorescence. The absorption spectrum of the colloid is not affected by prolonged laser excitation at 820 nm.
26. Agarwal, G. S.; Jha, S. S. Solid State Commun. 1982, 41, 499-501.