메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 162, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 13-21

A naturally truncated NS1 protein of influenza A virus impairs its interferon-antagonizing activity and thereby confers attenuation in vitro

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INS1 PROTEIN, INFLUENZA VIRUS; INTERFERON; VIRAL PROTEIN; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

EID: 84978066501     PISSN: 03048608     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2966-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (38)
  • 1
    • 32944464648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen recognition and innate immunity
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xit1Kltb8%3D, PID: 16497588
    • Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O (2006) Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 124:783–801
    • (2006) Cell , vol.124 , pp. 783-801
    • Akira, S.1    Uematsu, S.2    Takeuchi, O.3
  • 2
    • 33744925682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray structure of influenza virus NS1 effector domain
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xlt1yntbw%3D, PID: 16715094
    • Bornholdt ZA, Prasad BV (2006) X-ray structure of influenza virus NS1 effector domain. Nat Struct Mol Biol 13:559–560
    • (2006) Nat Struct Mol Biol , vol.13 , pp. 559-560
    • Bornholdt, Z.A.1    Prasad, B.V.2
  • 3
    • 84930865991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a dual-protective live attenuated vaccine against H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses by modifying the NS1 gene
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXot1Wgs7c%3D, PID: 25959557
    • Choi EH, Song MS, Park SJ, Pascua PN, Baek YH, Kwon HI, Kim EH, Kim S, Jang HK, Poo H, Kim CJ, Choi YK (2015) Development of a dual-protective live attenuated vaccine against H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses by modifying the NS1 gene. Arch Virol 160:1729–1740
    • (2015) Arch Virol , vol.160 , pp. 1729-1740
    • Choi, E.H.1    Song, M.S.2    Park, S.J.3    Pascua, P.N.4    Baek, Y.H.5    Kwon, H.I.6    Kim, E.H.7    Kim, S.8    Jang, H.K.9    Poo, H.10    Kim, C.J.11    Choi, Y.K.12
  • 4
    • 84889080547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equine influenza–a global perspective
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3snkt12htw%3D%3D, PID: 23680107
    • Cullinane A, Newton JR (2013) Equine influenza–a global perspective. Vet Microbiol 167:205–214
    • (2013) Vet Microbiol , vol.167 , pp. 205-214
    • Cullinane, A.1    Newton, J.R.2
  • 6
    • 0036678864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular transcriptional profiling in influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial cells: the role of the nonstructural NS1 protein in the evasion of the host innate defense and its potential contribution to pandemic influenza
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xmt1Cht78%3D, PID: 12149435
    • Geiss GK, Salvatore M, Tumpey TM, Carter VS, Wang X, Basler CF, Taubenberger JK, Bumgarner RE, Palese P, Katze MG, Garcia-Sastre A (2002) Cellular transcriptional profiling in influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial cells: the role of the nonstructural NS1 protein in the evasion of the host innate defense and its potential contribution to pandemic influenza. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:10736–10741
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 10736-10741
    • Geiss, G.K.1    Salvatore, M.2    Tumpey, T.M.3    Carter, V.S.4    Wang, X.5    Basler, C.F.6    Taubenberger, J.K.7    Bumgarner, R.E.8    Palese, P.9    Katze, M.G.10    Garcia-Sastre, A.11
  • 7
    • 33749004778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza A virus NS1 protein binds p85beta and activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVClsr3L, PID: 16963558
    • Hale BG, Jackson D, Chen YH, Lamb RA, Randall RE (2006) Influenza A virus NS1 protein binds p85beta and activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:14194–14199
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 14194-14199
    • Hale, B.G.1    Jackson, D.2    Chen, Y.H.3    Lamb, R.A.4    Randall, R.E.5
  • 8
    • 47749143963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of an avian influenza A virus NS1 protein effector domain
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXovF2isLs%3D, PID: 18585749
    • Hale BG, Barclay WS, Randall RE, Russell RJ (2008) Structure of an avian influenza A virus NS1 protein effector domain. Virology 378:1–5
    • (2008) Virology , vol.378 , pp. 1-5
    • Hale, B.G.1    Barclay, W.S.2    Randall, R.E.3    Russell, R.J.4
  • 9
    • 38349136199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of influenza A virus NS1 protein to the inter-SH2 domain of p85 suggests a novel mechanism for phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXks1ektA%3D%3D, PID: 18029356
    • Hale BG, Batty IH, Downes CP, Randall RE (2008) Binding of influenza A virus NS1 protein to the inter-SH2 domain of p85 suggests a novel mechanism for phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. J Biol Chem 283:1372–1380
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 1372-1380
    • Hale, B.G.1    Batty, I.H.2    Downes, C.P.3    Randall, R.E.4
  • 10
    • 0027102716 scopus 로고
    • Binding of influenza A virus NS1 protein to dsRNA in vitro
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhs1Crtrw%3D, PID: 1469370
    • Hatada E, Fukuda R (1992) Binding of influenza A virus NS1 protein to dsRNA in vitro. J Gen Virol 73(Pt 12):3325–3329
    • (1992) J Gen Virol , vol.73 , pp. 3325-3329
    • Hatada, E.1    Fukuda, R.2
  • 11
    • 33751297031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signalling through Class I PI3Ks in mammalian cells
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFWnsLvO, PID: 17052169
    • Hawkins PT, Anderson KE, Davidson K, Stephens LR (2006) Signalling through Class I PI3Ks in mammalian cells. Biochem Soc Trans 34:647–662
    • (2006) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.34 , pp. 647-662
    • Hawkins, P.T.1    Anderson, K.E.2    Davidson, K.3    Stephens, L.R.4
  • 12
    • 33645037542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the ability of human influenza A viruses to induce and inhibit the IFN-beta pathway
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XivVGhsrk%3D, PID: 16378631
    • Hayman A, Comely S, Lackenby A, Murphy S, McCauley J, Goodbourn S, Barclay W (2006) Variation in the ability of human influenza A viruses to induce and inhibit the IFN-beta pathway. Virology 347:52–64
    • (2006) Virology , vol.347 , pp. 52-64
    • Hayman, A.1    Comely, S.2    Lackenby, A.3    Murphy, S.4    McCauley, J.5    Goodbourn, S.6    Barclay, W.7
  • 13
    • 22944457912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza: lessons from past pandemics, warnings from current incidents
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVGhur4%3D, PID: 16064053
    • Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y (2005) Influenza: lessons from past pandemics, warnings from current incidents. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:591–600
    • (2005) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 591-600
    • Horimoto, T.1    Kawaoka, Y.2
  • 14
    • 0032544059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary activation of interferon A and interferon B gene transcription by interferon regulatory factor 3
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlsFSrtr0%3D, PID: 9707562
    • Juang YT, Lowther W, Kellum M, Au WC, Lin R, Hiscott J, Pitha PM (1998) Primary activation of interferon A and interferon B gene transcription by interferon regulatory factor 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:9837–9842
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 9837-9842
    • Juang, Y.T.1    Lowther, W.2    Kellum, M.3    Au, W.C.4    Lin, R.5    Hiscott, J.6    Pitha, P.M.7
  • 15
    • 84355166505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination with NS1-truncated H3N2 swine influenza virus primes T cells and confers cross-protection against an H1N1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVSksA%3D%3D, PID: 22067263
    • Kappes MA, Sandbulte MR, Platt R, Wang C, Lager KM, Henningson JN, Lorusso A, Vincent AL, Loving CL, Roth JA, Kehrli ME Jr (2012) Vaccination with NS1-truncated H3N2 swine influenza virus primes T cells and confers cross-protection against an H1N1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs. Vaccine 30:280–288
    • (2012) Vaccine , vol.30 , pp. 280-288
    • Kappes, M.A.1    Sandbulte, M.R.2    Platt, R.3    Wang, C.4    Lager, K.M.5    Henningson, J.N.6    Lorusso, A.7    Vincent, A.L.8    Loving, C.L.9    Roth, J.A.10    Kehrli, M.E.11
  • 16
    • 34250810666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple anti-interferon actions of the influenza A virus NS1 protein
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXntVOisb8%3D, PID: 17442719
    • Kochs G, Garcia-Sastre A, Martinez-Sobrido L (2007) Multiple anti-interferon actions of the influenza A virus NS1 protein. J Virol 81:7011–7021
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 7011-7021
    • Kochs, G.1    Garcia-Sastre, A.2    Martinez-Sobrido, L.3
  • 17
    • 53149131362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of influenza A virus NS1 protein interaction with the p85beta, but not the p85alpha, subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K) and up-regulation of PI3 K activity
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpvFGgtrk%3D, PID: 18534979
    • Li Y, Anderson DH, Liu Q, Zhou Y (2008) Mechanism of influenza A virus NS1 protein interaction with the p85beta, but not the p85alpha, subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K) and up-regulation of PI3 K activity. J Biol Chem 283:23397–23409
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 23397-23409
    • Li, Y.1    Anderson, D.H.2    Liu, Q.3    Zhou, Y.4
  • 18
    • 33947210422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of the NS1 protein of influenza A virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkslSrurw%3D, PID: 17342253
    • Lin D, Lan J, Zhang Z (2007) Structure and function of the NS1 protein of influenza A virus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 39:155–162
    • (2007) Acta Biochim Biophys Sin , vol.39 , pp. 155-162
    • Lin, D.1    Lan, J.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 19
    • 0036838725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influenza A virus NS1 protein inhibits activation of Jun N-terminal kinase and AP-1 transcription factors
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnvFKjtrg%3D, PID: 12368362
    • Ludwig S, Wang X, Ehrhardt C, Zheng H, Donelan N, Planz O, Pleschka S, Garcia-Sastre A, Heins G, Wolff T (2002) The influenza A virus NS1 protein inhibits activation of Jun N-terminal kinase and AP-1 transcription factors. J Virol 76:11166–11171
    • (2002) J Virol , vol.76 , pp. 11166-11171
    • Ludwig, S.1    Wang, X.2    Ehrhardt, C.3    Zheng, H.4    Donelan, N.5    Planz, O.6    Pleschka, S.7    Garcia-Sastre, A.8    Heins, G.9    Wolff, T.10
  • 20
    • 0024846089 scopus 로고
    • Amplification, expression, and packaging of foreign gene by influenza virus
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXhtFemsbw%3D, PID: 2598262
    • Luytjes W, Krystal M, Enami M, Parvin JD, Palese P (1989) Amplification, expression, and packaging of foreign gene by influenza virus. Cell 59:1107–1113
    • (1989) Cell , vol.59 , pp. 1107-1113
    • Luytjes, W.1    Krystal, M.2    Enami, M.3    Parvin, J.D.4    Palese, P.5
  • 21
    • 84901713125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and genetic characterization of naturally NS-truncated H3N8 equine influenza virus in South Korea
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXjsFCksr4%3D, PID: 23800580
    • Na W, Kang B, Kim HI, Hong M, Park SJ, Jeoung HY, An DJ, Moon H, Kim JK, Song D (2014) Isolation and genetic characterization of naturally NS-truncated H3N8 equine influenza virus in South Korea. Epidemiol Infect 142:759–766
    • (2014) Epidemiol Infect , vol.142 , pp. 759-766
    • Na, W.1    Kang, B.2    Kim, H.I.3    Hong, M.4    Park, S.J.5    Jeoung, H.Y.6    An, D.J.7    Moon, H.8    Kim, J.K.9    Song, D.10
  • 22
    • 0028820529 scopus 로고
    • The influenza virus NS1 protein forms multimers in vitro and in vivo
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXosFWgsbo%3D, PID: 7571411
    • Nemeroff ME, Qian XY, Krug RM (1995) The influenza virus NS1 protein forms multimers in vitro and in vivo. Virology 212:422–428
    • (1995) Virology , vol.212 , pp. 422-428
    • Nemeroff, M.E.1    Qian, X.Y.2    Krug, R.M.3
  • 23
    • 0032086357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza virus NS1 protein interacts with the cellular 30 kDa subunit of CPSF and inhibits 3′end formation of cellular pre-mRNAs
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktlKktr4%3D, PID: 9651582
    • Nemeroff ME, Barabino SM, Li Y, Keller W, Krug RM (1998) Influenza virus NS1 protein interacts with the cellular 30 kDa subunit of CPSF and inhibits 3′end formation of cellular pre-mRNAs. Mol cell 1:991–1000
    • (1998) Mol cell , vol.1 , pp. 991-1000
    • Nemeroff, M.E.1    Barabino, S.M.2    Li, Y.3    Keller, W.4    Krug, R.M.5
  • 24
    • 0037444193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular antiviral responses against influenza A virus are countered at the posttranscriptional level by the viral NS1A protein via its binding to a cellular protein required for the 3′ end processing of cellular pre-mRNAS
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXit1Kmuro%3D, PID: 12667806
    • Noah DL, Twu KY, Krug RM (2003) Cellular antiviral responses against influenza A virus are countered at the posttranscriptional level by the viral NS1A protein via its binding to a cellular protein required for the 3′ end processing of cellular pre-mRNAS. Virology 307:386–395
    • (2003) Virology , vol.307 , pp. 386-395
    • Noah, D.L.1    Twu, K.Y.2    Krug, R.M.3
  • 25
    • 33644841402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza virus virulence and its molecular determinants
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhslOiur4%3D, PID: 16387195
    • Noah DL, Krug RM (2005) Influenza virus virulence and its molecular determinants. Adv Virus Res 65:121–145
    • (2005) Adv Virus Res , vol.65 , pp. 121-145
    • Noah, D.L.1    Krug, R.M.2
  • 26
    • 33750984771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5′-phosphates
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFyqtLbM, PID: 17038589
    • Pichlmair A, Schulz O, Tan CP, Naslund TI, Liljestrom P, Weber F, Reis e Sousa C (2006) RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5′-phosphates. Science 314:997–1001
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 997-1001
    • Pichlmair, A.1    Schulz, O.2    Tan, C.P.3    Naslund, T.I.4    Liljestrom, P.5    Weber, F.6    Reis e Sousa, C.7
  • 27
    • 77950650685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuated influenza virus vaccines with modified NS1 proteins
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXitFCru7g%3D, PID: 19768406
    • Richt JA, Garcia-Sastre A (2009) Attenuated influenza virus vaccines with modified NS1 proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 333:177–195
    • (2009) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.333 , pp. 177-195
    • Richt, J.A.1    Garcia-Sastre, A.2
  • 28
    • 0032549658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the IRF family transcription factor IRF-3 in virus-induced activation of the IFN-beta gene
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhs1Gisrg%3D, PID: 9541017
    • Sato M, Tanaka N, Hata N, Oda E, Taniguchi T (1998) Involvement of the IRF family transcription factor IRF-3 in virus-induced activation of the IFN-beta gene. FEBS Lett 425:112–116
    • (1998) FEBS Lett , vol.425 , pp. 112-116
    • Sato, M.1    Tanaka, N.2    Hata, N.3    Oda, E.4    Taniguchi, T.5
  • 29
    • 0038363463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjslGqtrs%3D, PID: 12702806
    • Sharma S, tenOever BR, Grandvaux N, Zhou GP, Lin R, Hiscott J (2003) Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway. Science 300:1148–1151
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1148-1151
    • Sharma, S.1    tenOever, B.R.2    Grandvaux, N.3    Zhou, G.P.4    Lin, R.5    Hiscott, J.6
  • 30
    • 84955340191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-clade protective immune responses of NS1-truncated live attenuated H5N1 avian influenza vaccines
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhvFCqurbP, PID: 26638027
    • Shi S, Chen S, Han W, Wu B, Zhang X, Tang Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Peng D, Liu X (2016) Cross-clade protective immune responses of NS1-truncated live attenuated H5N1 avian influenza vaccines. Vaccine 34:350–357
    • (2016) Vaccine , vol.34 , pp. 350-357
    • Shi, S.1    Chen, S.2    Han, W.3    Wu, B.4    Zhang, X.5    Tang, Y.6    Wang, X.7    Zhu, Y.8    Peng, D.9    Liu, X.10
  • 31
    • 36349018937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SH3 binding motif 1 in influenza A virus NS1 protein is essential for PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway activation
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtl2jtb%2FJ, PID: 17881440
    • Shin YK, Li Y, Liu Q, Anderson DH, Babiuk LA, Zhou Y (2007) SH3 binding motif 1 in influenza A virus NS1 protein is essential for PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway activation. J Virol 81:12730–12739
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 12730-12739
    • Shin, Y.K.1    Li, Y.2    Liu, Q.3    Anderson, D.H.4    Babiuk, L.A.5    Zhou, Y.6
  • 32
    • 84880666503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza: propagation, quantification, and storage
    • PID: 18770580, (Chapter 15:Unit 15G 11)
    • Szretter KJ, Balish AL, Katz JM (2006) Influenza: propagation, quantification, and storage. Curr Protoc Microbiol. doi:10.1002/9780471729259.mc15g01s29 (Chapter 15:Unit 15G 11)
    • (2006) Curr Protoc Microbiol
    • Szretter, K.J.1    Balish, A.L.2    Katz, J.M.3
  • 34
    • 0033870894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 is inhibited by the influenza A virus NS1 protein
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsl2gu7c%3D, PID: 10933707
    • Talon J, Horvath CM, Polley R, Basler CF, Muster T, Palese P, Garcia-Sastre A (2000) Activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 is inhibited by the influenza A virus NS1 protein. J Virol 74:7989–7996
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 7989-7996
    • Talon, J.1    Horvath, C.M.2    Polley, R.3    Basler, C.F.4    Muster, T.5    Palese, P.6    Garcia-Sastre, A.7
  • 35
    • 84869054575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Live attenuated influenza vaccine provides superior protection from heterologous infection in pigs with maternal antibodies without inducing vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlOmtb3F, PID: 22811541
    • Vincent AL, Ma W, Lager KM, Richt JA, Janke BH, Sandbulte MR, Gauger PC, Loving CL, Webby RJ, Garcia-Sastre A (2012) Live attenuated influenza vaccine provides superior protection from heterologous infection in pigs with maternal antibodies without inducing vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. J Virol 86:10597–10605
    • (2012) J Virol , vol.86 , pp. 10597-10605
    • Vincent, A.L.1    Ma, W.2    Lager, K.M.3    Richt, J.A.4    Janke, B.H.5    Sandbulte, M.R.6    Gauger, P.C.7    Loving, C.L.8    Webby, R.J.9    Garcia-Sastre, A.10
  • 36
    • 0036891842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional replacement of the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of the influenza A virus NS1 protein with short heterologous dimerization domains
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XptVyns70%3D, PID: 12438621
    • Wang X, Basler CF, Williams BR, Silverman RH, Palese P, Garcia-Sastre A (2002) Functional replacement of the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of the influenza A virus NS1 protein with short heterologous dimerization domains. J Virol 76:12951–12962
    • (2002) J Virol , vol.76 , pp. 12951-12962
    • Wang, X.1    Basler, C.F.2    Williams, B.R.3    Silverman, R.H.4    Palese, P.5    Garcia-Sastre, A.6
  • 37
    • 0032015647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-beta enhancer in vivo
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXit1GisLg%3D, PID: 9660935
    • Wathelet MG, Lin CH, Parekh BS, Ronco LV, Howley PM, Maniatis T (1998) Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-beta enhancer in vivo. Mol cell 1:507–518
    • (1998) Mol cell , vol.1 , pp. 507-518
    • Wathelet, M.G.1    Lin, C.H.2    Parekh, B.S.3    Ronco, L.V.4    Howley, P.M.5    Maniatis, T.6
  • 38
    • 0036148072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NS1 protein of influenza A virus down-regulates apoptosis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnvFylug%3D%3D, PID: 11799156
    • Zhirnov OP, Konakova TE, Wolff T, Klenk HD (2002) NS1 protein of influenza A virus down-regulates apoptosis. Journal of virology 76:1617–1625
    • (2002) Journal of virology , vol.76 , pp. 1617-1625
    • Zhirnov, O.P.1    Konakova, T.E.2    Wolff, T.3    Klenk, H.D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.