Aberrant Spontaneous and Task-Dependent Functional Connections in the Anxious Brain

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 278-287

  MacNamara, Annmarie ^a   DiGangi, Julia ^a,c   Phan, K Luan ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^c JESSE BROWN VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Anxiety; fMRI; Functional connectivity; OCD; PTSD; Resting state

Indexed keywords

AMYGDALA; ANXIETY DISORDER; CONNECTOME; CORPUS STRIATUM; DEFAULT MODE NETWORK; DORSAL ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; EMOTIONALITY; FRONTAL CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN; INJURY; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ORBITAL CORTEX; PANIC; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; POSTERIOR CINGULATE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRECUNEUS; RESTING STATE NETWORK; REVIEW; SALIENCE NETWORK; SOCIAL PHOBIA; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; TASK PERFORMANCE; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VENTRAL TEGMENTUM; VENTROLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX;

EID: 84964994151     PISSN: 24519022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2015.12.004     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. R.C. Kessler, P. Berglund, O. Demler, R. Jin, and E.E. Walters Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Arch Gen Psychiatry 62 2005 593 602
2. P.E. Greenberg, T. Sisitsky, R.C. Kessler, S.N. Finkelstein, E.R. Berndt, J.R. Davidson, and et al. The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s J Clin Psychiatry 60 1999 427 435
3. J. Nepon, S. Belik, J. Bolton, and J. Sareen The relationship between anxiety disorders and suicide attempts: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Depress Anxiety 27 2010 791 798
4. A. Fornito, and B.J. Harrison Brain connectivity and mental illness Front Psychiatry 3 2012 72
5. R.L. Buckner, F.M. Krienen, and B.T.T. Yeo Opportunities and limitations of intrinsic functional connectivity MRI Nat Neurosci 16 2013 832 837
6. W.W. Seeley, V. Menon, A.F. Schatzberg, J. Keller, G.H. Glover, H. Kenna, and et al. Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control J Neurosci 27 2007 2349 2356
7. K.J. Friston, C.D. Frith, P.F. Liddle, and R.S. Frackowiak Functional connectivity: The principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13 1993 5 14
8. J.T. Buhle, J.A. Silvers, T.D. Wager, R. Lopez, C. Onyemekwu, H. Kober, and et al. Cognitive reappraisal of emotion: A meta-analysis of human neuroimaging studies Cereb Cortex 24 2014 2981 2990
9. E.K. Diekhof, K. Geier, P. Falkai, and O. Gruber Fear is only as deep as the mind allows: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on the regulation of negative affect Neuroimage 58 2011 275 285
10. D.W. Frank, M. Dewitt, M. Hudgens-Haney, D.J. Schaeffer, B.H. Ball, N.F. Schwarz, and et al. Emotion regulation: Quantitative meta-analysis of functional activation and deactivation Neurosci Biobehav Rev 45 2014 202 211
11. N. Kohn, S.B. Eickhoff, M. Scheller, A.R. Laird, P.T. Fox, and U. Habel Neural network of cognitive emotion regulation - an ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis Neuroimage 87 2014 345 355
12. M.D. Fox, M. Corbetta, A.Z. Snyder, J.L. Vincent, and M.E. Raichle Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 2006 10046 10051
13. H.T. Ghashghaei, C.C. Hilgetag, and H. Barbas Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala Neuroimage 34 2007 905 923
14. M.J. Kim, R.A. Loucks, A.L. Palmer, A.C. Brown, K.M. Solomon, A.N. Marchante, and P.J. Whalen The structural and functional connectivity of the amygdala: From normal emotion to pathological anxiety Behav Brain Res 223 2011 403 410
15. A.K. Roy, Z. Shehzad, D.S. Margulies, A.M.C. Kelly, L.Q. Uddin, K. Gotimer, and et al. Functional connectivity of the human amygdala using resting state fMRI Neuroimage 45 2009 614 626
16. A. Etkin, T. Egner, and R. Kalisch Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex Trends Cogn Sci 15 2011 85 93
17. M.J. Kim, D.G. Gee, R.A. Loucks, F.C. Davis, and P.J. Whalen Anxiety dissociates dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity with the amygdala at rest Cereb Cortex 21 2011 1667 1673
18. B.T. Thomas Yeo, F.M. Krienen, J. Sepulcre, M.R. Sabuncu, D. Lashkari, M. Hollinshead, and et al. The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity J Neurophysiol 106 2011 1125 1165
19. M.E. Raichle, A.M. MacLeod, A.Z. Snyder, W.J. Powers, D.A. Gusnard, and G.L. Shulman A default mode of brain function Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 2001 676 682
20. RL Buckner, JR Andrews-Hanna, and DL Schacter The brain's default network: Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124 2008 1 38
21. V. Menon Salience network A.W. Toga, Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference, vol. 2: Anatomy and Physiology Systems 2015 Academic Press Waltham, MA 597 611
22. M.W. Cole, D.S. Bassett, J.D. Power, T.S. Braver, and S.E. Petersen Intrinsic and task-evoked network architectures of the human brain Neuron 83 2014 238 251
23. A.D. Craig How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body Nat Rev Neurosci 3 2002 655 666
24. A.D. Craig How do you feel - now? The anterior insula and human awareness Nat Rev Neurosci 10 2009 59 70
25. A. Etkin, and T.D. Wager Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: A meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia Am J Psychiatry 164 2007 1476 1488
26. I. Laeger, C. Dobel, B. Radenz, H. Kugel, K. Keuper, A. Eden, and et al. Of "disgrace" and "pain" - corticolimbic interaction patterns for disorder-relevant and emotional words in social phobia PLoS One 9 2014 e109949
27. I. Laeger, K. Keuper, C. Heitmann, H. Kugel, C. Dobel, A. Eden, and et al. Have we met before? Neural correlates of emotional learning in women with social phobia J Psychiatry Neurosci 39 2014 E14 E23
28. A. Hahn, P. Stein, C. Windischberger, A. Weissenbacher, C. Spindelegger, E. Moser, and et al. Reduced resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder Neuroimage 56 2011 881 889
29. S. Dodhia, A. Hosanagar, D.A. Fitzgerald, I. Labuschagne, A.G. Wood, P.J. Nathan, and K.L. Phan Modulation of resting-state amygdala-frontal functional connectivity by oxytocin in generalized social anxiety disorder Neuropsychopharmacology 39 2014 2061 2069
30. R. Sladky, A. Höflich, M. Küblböck, C. Kraus, P. Baldinger, E. Moser, and et al. Disrupted effective connectivity between the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder during emotion discrimination revealed by dynamic causal modeling for FMRI Cereb Cortex 25 2015 895 903
31. K.E. Prater, A. Hosanagar, H. Klumpp, M. Angstadt, and K.L. Phan Aberrant amygdala-frontal cortex connectivity during perception of fearful faces and at rest in generalized social anxiety disorder Depress Anxiety 30 2013 234 241
32. P.R. Goldin, T. Manber-Ball, K. Werner, R. Heimberg, and J.J. Gross Neural mechanisms of cognitive reappraisal of negative self-beliefs in social anxiety disorder Biol Psychiatry 66 2009 1091 1099
33. Anteraper S Arnold, C. Triantafyllou, A.T. Sawyer, S.G. Hofmann, J.D. Gabrieli, and S. Whitfield-Gabrieli Hyper-connectivity of subcortical resting-state networks in social anxiety disorder Brain Connect 4 2014 81 90
34. A. Etkin, K.E. Prater, F. Hoeft, V. Menon, and A.F. Schatzberg Failure of anterior cingulate activation and connectivity with the amygdala during implicit regulation of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder Am J Psychiatry 167 2010 545 554
35. A. Etkin, and A.F. Schatzberg Common abnormalities and disorder-specific compensation during implicit regulation of emotional processing in generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders Am J Psychiatry 168 2011 968 978
36. J. Cha, T. Greenberg, J.M. Carlson, D.J. Dedora, G. Hajcak, and L.R. Mujica-Parodi Circuit-wide structural and functional measures predict ventromedial prefrontal cortex fear generalization: Implications for generalized anxiety disorder J Neurosci 34 2014 4043 4053
37. A. Etkin, K.E. Prater, A.F. Schatzberg, V. Menon, and M.D. Greicius Disrupted amygdalar subregion functional connectivity and evidence of a compensatory network in generalized anxiety disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 66 2009 1361
38. N. Cardoner, B.J. Harrison, J. Pujol, C. Soriano-Mas, R. Hernández-Ribas, M. López-Solá, and et al. Enhanced brain responsiveness during active emotional face processing in obsessive compulsive disorder World J Biol Psychiatry 12 2011 349 363
39. F.E. de Vries, S.J. de Wit, D.C. Cath, Y.D. van der Werf, V. van der Borden, T.B. van Rossum, and et al. Compensatory frontoparietal activity during working memory: An endophenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder Biol Psychiatry 76 2014 878 887
40. M. Göttlich, U.M. Krämer, A. Kordon, F. Hohagen, and B. Zurowski Decreased limbic and increased fronto-parietal connectivity in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder Hum Brain Mapp 35 2014 5617 5632
41. M.R. Milad, R.K. Pitman, C.B. Ellis, A.L. Gold, L.M. Shin, N.B. Lasko, and et al. Neurobiological basis of failure to recall extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder Biol Psychiatry 66 2009 1075 1082
42. J.S. Stevens, T. Jovanovic, N. Fani, T.D. Ely, E.M. Glover, B. Bradley, and K.J. Ressler Disrupted amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity in civilian women with posttraumatic stress disorder J Psychiatr Res 47 2013 1469 1478
43. V.M. Brown, K.S. LaBar, C.C. Haswell, A.L. Gold, G. McCarthy, and R.A. Morey Altered resting-state functional connectivity of basolateral and centromedial amygdala complexes in posttraumatic stress disorder Neuropsychopharmacology 39 2014 361 369
44. N. Amir, J. Elias, H. Klumpp, and A. Przeworski Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: Facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat? Behav Res Ther 41 2003 1325 1335
45. H. Jazaieri, A.S. Morrison, P.R. Goldin, and J.J. Gross The role of emotion and emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder Curr Psychiatry Rep 17 2015 531
46. A.S. New, J. Fan, J.W. Murrough, X. Liu, R.E. Liebman, K.G. Guise, and et al. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of deliberate emotion regulation in resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder Biol Psychiatry 66 2009 656 664
47. M.E. Palm, R. Elliott, S. McKie, J.F.W. Deakin, and I.M. Anderson Attenuated responses to emotional expressions in women with generalized anxiety disorder Psychol Med 41 2011 1009 1018
48. P.J. Whalen, T. Johnstone, L.H. Somerville, J.B. Nitschke, S. Polis, A.L. Alexander, and et al. A functional magnetic resonance imaging predictor of treatment response to venlafaxine in generalized anxiety disorder Biol Psychiatry 63 2008 858 863
49. P.A. Cannistraro, C.I. Wright, M.M. Wedig, B. Martis, L.M. Shin, S. Wilhelm, and S.L. Rauch Amygdala responses to human faces in obsessive-compulsive disorder Biol Psychiatry 56 2004 916 920
50. S. Vossel, J.J. Geng, and G.R. Fink Dorsal and ventral attention systems distinct neural circuits but collaborative roles Neuroscientist 20 2014 150 159
51. L.F. Fontenelle, B.J. Harrison, J. Pujol, C.G. Davey, A. Fornito, E. Bora, and et al. Brain functional connectivity during induced sadness in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder J Psychiatry Neurosci 37 2012 231 240
52. R. Marsh, G. Horga, N. Parashar, Z. Wang, B.S. Peterson, and H.B. Simpson Altered activation in fronto-striatal circuits during sequential processing of conflict in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder Biol Psychiatry 75 2014 615 622
53. P. Banca, V. Voon, M.D. Vestergaard, G. Philipiak, I. Almeida, F. Pocinho, and et al. Imbalance in habitual versus goal directed neural systems during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder Brain 138 2015 798 811
54. R. Admon, M. Bleich-Cohen, R. Weizmant, M. Poyurovsky, S. Faragian, and T. Hendler Functional and structural neural indices of risk aversion in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Psychiatry Res 203 2012 207 213
55. J.C. Beucke, J. Sepulcre, T. Talukdar, C. Linnman, K. Zschenderlein, T. Endrass, and et al. Abnormally high degree connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder JAMA Psychiatry 70 2013 619 629
56. M. Figee, J. Luigjes, R. Smolders, C.-E. Valencia-Alfonso, G. van Wingen, B. de Kwaasteniet, and et al. Deep brain stimulation restores frontostriatal network activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder Nat Neurosci 16 2013 386 387
57. B.J. Harrison, C. Soriano-Mas, J. Pujol, H. Ortiz, M. López-Solà, R. Hernández-Ribas, and et al. Altered corticostriatal functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 66 2009 1189 1200
58. B.J. Harrison, J. Pujol, N. Cardoner, J. Deus, P. Alonso, M. López-Solà, and et al. Brain corticostriatal systems and the major clinical symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder Biol Psychiatry 73 2013 321 328
59. J. Hou, L. Song, W. Zhang, W. Wu, J. Wang, D. Zhou, and et al. Morphologic and functional connectivity alterations of corticostriatal and default mode network in treatment-naïve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder PloS One 8 2013 e83931
60. W.H. Jung, D.-H. Kang, E. Kim, K.S. Shin, J.H. Jang, and J.S. Kwon Abnormal corticostriatal-limbic functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder during reward processing and resting-state Neuroimage Clin 3 2013 27 38
61. D.-H. Kang, J.H. Jang, J.Y. Han, J.-H. Kim, W.H. Jung, J.-S. Choi, and et al. Neural correlates of altered response inhibition and dysfunctional connectivity at rest in obsessive-compulsive disorder Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 40 2013 340 346
62. Y. Sakai, J. Narumoto, S. Nishida, T. Nakamae, K. Yamada, T. Nishimura, and K. Fukui Corticostriatal functional connectivity in non-medicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder Eur Psychiatry 26 2011 463 469
63. J. Posner, R. Marsh, T.V. Maia, B.S. Peterson, A. Gruber, and H.B. Simpson Reduced functional connectivity within the limbic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder Hum Brain Mapp 35 2014 2852 2860
64. S.J. de Wit, P. Alonso, L. Schweren, D. Mataix-Cols, C. Lochner, J.M. Menchón, and et al. Multicenter voxel-based morphometry mega-analysis of structural brain scans in obsessive-compulsive disorder Am J Psychiatry 171 2014 340 349
65. G.K. Eng, K. Sim, and S-HA Chen Meta-analytic investigations of structural grey matter, executive domain-related functional activations, and white matter diffusivity in obsessive compulsive disorder: An integrative review Neurosci Biobehav Rev 52 2015 233 257
66. J.-M. Hou, M. Zhao, W. Zhang, L.-H. Song, W.-J. Wu, J. Wang, and et al. Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their healthy first-degree relatives J Psychiatry Neurosci 39 2014 304 311
67. M. Giménez, J. Pujol, H. Ortiz, C. Soriano-Mas, M. López-Solà, M. Farré, and et al. Altered brain functional connectivity in relation to perception of scrutiny in social anxiety disorder Psychiatry Res 202 2012 214 223
68. J. Manning, G. Reynolds, Z.M. Saygin, S.G. Hofmann, M. Pollack, J.D.E. Gabrieli, and S. Whitfield-Gabrieli Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the frontal-striatal reward system in social anxiety disorder PLoS One 10 2015 e0125286
69. W. Scharmüller, V. Leutgeb, F. Schöngaßner, A. Hermann, R. Stark, and A. Schienle Altered functional connectivity of basal ganglia circuitry in dental phobia Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 9 2014 1584 1588
70. E. Burguière, P. Monteiro, L. Mallet, G. Feng, and A.M. Graybiel Striatal circuits, habits, and implications for obsessive-compulsive disorder Curr Opin Neurobiol 30 2015 59 65
71. R.L. Bluhm, P.C. Williamson, E.A. Osuch, P.A. Frewen, T.K. Stevens, K. Boksman, and et al. Alterations in default network connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder related to early-life trauma J Psychiatry Neurosci 34 2009 187 194
72. A.C. Chen, and A. Etkin Hippocampal network connectivity and activation differentiates post-traumatic stress disorder from generalized anxiety disorder Neuropsychopharmacology 38 2013 1889 1898
73. R.K. Sripada, A.P. King, R.C. Welsh, S.N. Garfinkel, X. Wang, C.S. Sripada, and I. Liberzon Neural dysregulation in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for disrupted equilibrium between salience and default mode brain networks Psychosom Med 74 2012 904 911
74. L. Qin, Z. Wang, Y.-W. Sun, J.-Q. Wan, S.-S. Su, Y. Zhou, and J.-R. Xu A preliminary study of alterations in default network connectivity in post-traumatic stress disorder patients following recent trauma Brain Res 1484 2012 50 56
75. X. Yan, A.D. Brown, M. Lazar, V.L. Cressman, C. Henn-Haase, T.C. Neylan, and et al. Spontaneous brain activity in combat related PTSD Neurosci Lett 547 2013 1 5
76. J. Shang, S. Lui, Y. Meng, H. Zhu, C. Qiu, Q. Gong, and et al. Alterations in low-level perceptual networks related to clinical severity in PTSD after an earthquake: A resting-state fMRI study PloS One 9 2014 e96834
77. M. Tursich, T. Ros, P.A. Frewen, R.C. Kluetsch, V.D. Calhoun, and R.A. Lanius Distinct intrinsic network connectivity patterns of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters Acta Psychiatr Scand 132 2015 29 38
78. C. Jin, R. Qi, Y. Yin, X. Hu, L. Duan, Q. Xu, and et al. Abnormalities in whole-brain functional connectivity observed in treatment-naive post-traumatic stress disorder patients following an earthquake Psychol Med 44 2014 1927 1936
79. R.A. Lanius, P.C. Williamson, M. Densmore, K. Boksman, R.W. Neufeld, J.S. Gati, and R.S. Menon The nature of traumatic memories: A 4-T FMRI functional connectivity analysis Am J Psychiatry 161 2004 36 44
80. R.A. Lanius, R.L. Bluhm, N.J. Coupland, K.M. Hegadoren, B. Rowe, J. Théberge, and et al. Default mode network connectivity as a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity in acutely traumatized subjects Acta Psychiatr Scand 121 2010 33 40
81. Y. Zhou, Z. Wang, L. Qin, J. Wan, Y. Sun, S. Su, and et al. Early altered resting-state functional connectivity predicts the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in acutely traumatized subjects PloS One 7 2012 e46833
82. J.C. Beucke, J. Sepulcre, M.C. Eldaief, M. Sebold, N. Kathmann, and C. Kaufmann Default mode network subsystem alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder Br J Psychiatry 205 2014 376 382
83. J.H. Jang, J.-H. Kim, W.H. Jung, J.-S. Choi, M.H. Jung, J.-M. Lee, and et al. Functional connectivity in fronto-subcortical circuitry during the resting state in obsessive-compulsive disorder Neurosci Lett 474 2010 158 162
84. E.R. Stern, K.D. Fitzgerald, R.C. Welsh, J.L. Abelson, and S.F. Taylor Resting-state functional connectivity between fronto-parietal and default mode networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder PloS One 7 2012 e36356
85. F. Liu, C. Zhu, Y. Wang, W. Guo, M. Li, W. Wang, and et al. Disrupted cortical hubs in functional brain networks in social anxiety disorder Clin Neurophysiol 126 2015 1711 1716
86. C. Qiu, W. Liao, J. Ding, Y. Feng, C. Zhu, X. Nie, and et al. Regional homogeneity changes in social anxiety disorder: A resting-state fMRI study Psychiatry Res 194 2011 47 53
87. C. Andreescu, L.K. Sheu, D. Tudorascu, S. Walker, and H. Aizenstein The ages of anxiety - differences across the lifespan in the default mode network functional connectivity in generalized anxiety disorder Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 29 2014 704 712
88. C.-H. Lai, and Y.-T. Wu The alterations in inter-hemispheric functional coordination of patients with panic disorder: The findings in the posterior sub-network of default mode network J Affect Disord 166 2014 279 284
89. Y.-W. Shin, M. Dzemidzic, H.J. Jo, Z. Long, C. Medlock, U. Dydak, and A.W. Goddard Increased resting-state functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus in panic disorder: Resting-state connectivity in panic disorder J Affect Disord 150 2013 1091 1095
90. S. Whitfield-Gabrieli, and J.M. Ford Default mode network activity and connectivity in psychopathology Annu Rev Clin Psychol 8 2012 49 76
91. A.N. Simmons, M.P. Paulus, S.R. Thorp, S.C. Matthews, S.B. Norman, and M.B. Stein Functional activation and neural networks in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to intimate partner violence Biol Psychiatry 64 2008 681 690
92. G.A. Fonzo, A.N. Simmons, S.R. Thorp, S.B. Norman, M.P. Paulus, and M.B. Stein Exaggerated and disconnected insular-amygdalar blood oxygenation level-dependent response to threat-related emotional faces in women with intimate-partner violence posttraumatic stress disorder Biol Psychiatry 68 2010 433 441
93. G.A. Fonzo, T.M. Flagan, S. Sullivan, C.B. Allard, E.M. Grimes, A.N. Simmons, and et al. Neural functional and structural correlates of childhood maltreatment in women with intimate-partner violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder Psychiatry Res 211 2013 93 103
94. C.A. Rabinak, M. Angstadt, R.C. Welsh, A. Kennedy, M. Lyubkin, B. Martis, and K.L. Phan Altered amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in post-traumatic stress disorder Front Psychiatry 2 2011 62
95. R.K. Sripada, A.P. King, S.N. Garfinkel, X. Wang, C.S. Sripada, R.C. Welsh, and I. Liberzon Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder J Psychiatry Neurosci 37 2012 241 249
96. S.M. Gorka, D.A. Fitzgerald, I. Labuschagne, A. Hosanagar, A.G. Wood, P.J. Nathan, and K.L. Phan Oxytocin modulation of amygdala functional connectivity to fearful faces in generalized social anxiety disorder Neuropsychopharmacology 40 2015 278 286
97. H. Klumpp, M. Angstadt, and K.L. Phan Insula reactivity and connectivity to anterior cingulate cortex when processing threat in generalized social anxiety disorder Biol Psychol 89 2012 273 276
98. G.A. Fonzo, H.J. Ramsawh, T.M. Flagan, S.G. Sullivan, A.N. Simmons, M.P. Paulus, and M.B. Stein Cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder is associated with attenuation of limbic activation to threat-related facial emotions J Affect Disord 169 2014 76 85
99. O.J. Robinson, M. Krimsky, L. Lieberman, P. Allen, K. Vytal, and C. Grillon Towards a mechanistic understanding of pathological anxiety: The dorsal medial prefrontal-amygdala "aversive amplification" circuit in unmedicated generalized and social anxiety disorders Lancet Psychiatry 1 2014 294 302
100. J.N. Pannekoek, I.M. Veer, M.-J. van Tol, S.J.A. van der Werff, L.R. Demenescu, A. Aleman, and et al. Aberrant limbic and salience network resting-state functional connectivity in panic disorder without comorbidity J Affect Disord 145 2013 29 35
101. D. Sridharan, D.J. Levitin, and V. Menon A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 2008 12569 12574
102. C.S. Monk, E.H. Telzer, K. Mogg, B.P. Bradley, X. Mai, H. Louro, and et al. Amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation to masked angry faces in children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 65 2008 568 576
103. P.R. Goldin, T. Manber, S. Hakimi, T. Canli, and J.J. Gross Neural bases of social anxiety disorder: Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation during social and physical threat Arch Gen Psychiatry 66 2009 170 180
104. A.R. Laird, P.M. Fox, S.B. Eickhoff, J.A. Turner, K.L. Ray, D.R. McKay, and et al. Behavioral interpretations of intrinsic connectivity networks J Cogn Neurosci 23 2011 4022 4037
105. Y. Fan, A.L. Herrera-Melendez, K. Pestke, M. Feeser, S. Aust, C. Otte, and et al. Early life stress modulates amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity: Implications for oxytocin effects Hum Brain Mapp 35 2014 5328 5339
106. P.R. Goldin, M. Ziv, H. Jazaieri, K. Hahn, R. Heimberg, and J.J. Gross Impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder on the neural dynamics of cognitive reappraisal of negative self-beliefs: Randomized clinical trial JAMA Psychiatry 70 2013 1048 1056
107. U. Lueken, B. Straube, C. Konrad, H.-U. Wittchen, A. Ströhle, A. Wittmann, and et al. Neural substrates of treatment response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in panic disorder with agoraphobia Am J Psychiatry 170 2013 1345 1355
108. H. Klumpp, M.K. Keutmann, D.A. Fitzgerald, S.A. Shankman, and K.L. Phan Resting state amygdala-prefrontal connectivity predicts symptom change after cognitive behavioral therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder Biol Mood Anxiety Disord 4 2014 14
109. J.D. Feusner, T. Moody, T.M. Lai, C. Sheen, S. Khalsa, J. Brown, and et al. Brain connectivity and prediction of relapse after cognitive-behavioral therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder Front Psychiatry 6 2015 74
110. M. Ernst, S. Torrisi, N. Balderston, C. Grillon, and E.A. Hale fMRI functional connectivity applied to adolescent neurodevelopment Annu Rev Clin Psychol 11 2015 361 377
111. W. Liu, D. Yin, W. Cheng, M. Fan, M. You, W. Men, and et al. Abnormal functional connectivity of the amygdala-based network in resting-state FMRI in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder Med Sci Monit 21 2015 459 467
112. L.L. Hamm, R.H. Jacobs, M.W. Johnson, D.A. Fitzgerald, K.D. Fitzgerald, S.A. Langenecker, and et al. Aberrant amygdala functional connectivity at rest in pediatric anxiety disorders Biol Mood Anxiety Disord 4 2014 15
113. A.K. Roy, J.L. Fudge, C. Kelly, J.S.A. Perry, T. Daniele, C. Carlisi, and et al. Intrinsic functional connectivity of amygdala-based networks in adolescent generalized anxiety disorder J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 52 2013 290 299
114. K.D. Fitzgerald, R.C. Welsh, E.R. Stern, M. Angstadt, G.L. Hanna, J.L. Abelson, and S.F. Taylor Developmental alterations of frontal-striatal-thalamic connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50 2011 938 948
115. J.M. Jarcho, A.L. Romer, T. Shechner, A. Galvan, A.E. Guyer, E. Leibenluft, and et al. Forgetting the best when predicting the worst: Preliminary observations on neural circuit function in adolescent social anxiety Dev Cogn Neurosci 13 2015 21 31
116. K. Supekar, M. Musen, and V. Menon Development of large-scale functional brain networks in children PLoS Biol 7 2009 e1000157
117. M. Wu, A. Kujawa, L. Lu, D.A. Fitzgerald, K.D. Fitzgerald, C.S. Monk, and K.L. Phan Age-related changes in amygdala-frontal connectivity during emotional face processing from childhood into young adulthood Hum Brain Mapp 37 2016 1684 1695
118. D.G. Gee, K.L. Humphreys, J. Flannery, B. Goff, E.H. Telzer, M. Shapiro, and et al. A developmental shift from positive to negative connectivity in human amygdala-prefrontal circuitry J Neurosci 33 2013 4584 4593
119. D.G. Gee, L.J. Gabard-Durnam, J. Flannery, B. Goff, K.L. Humphreys, E.H. Telzer, and et al. Early developmental emergence of human amygdala-prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110 2013 15638 15643
120. M. Ribolsi, Z.J. Daskalakis, A. Siracusano, and G. Koch Abnormal asymmetry of brain connectivity in schizophrenia Front Hum Neurosci 8 2014 1010
121. A.J. Jasinska, T. Zorick, A.L. Brody, and E.A. Stein Dual role of nicotine in addiction and cognition: A review of neuroimaging studies in humans Neuropharmacology 84 2014 111 122
122. D.J. Oathes, B. Patenaude, A.F. Schatzberg, and A. Etkin Neurobiological signatures of anxiety and depression in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging Biol Psychiatry 77 2015 385 393
123. L.R. Demenescu, R. Kortekaas, H.R. Cremers, R.J. Renken, M.J. van Tol, N.J.A. van der Wee, and et al. Amygdala activation and its functional connectivity during perception of emotional faces in social phobia and panic disorder J Psychiatr Res 47 2013 1024 1031
124. S.J. Bishop Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: An integrative account Trends Cogn Sci 11 2007 307 316
125. A.E. Ramage, A.R. Laird, S.B. Eickhoff, A. Acheson, A.L. Peterson, D.E. Williamson, and et al. A coordinate-based meta-analytic model of trauma processing in posttraumatic stress disorder Hum Brain Mapp 34 2013 3392 3399
126. V. Menon, and L.Q. Uddin Saliency, switching, attention and control: A network model of insula function Brain Struct Funct 214 2010 655 667
127. V. Menon Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: A unifying triple network model Trends Cogn Sci 15 2011 483 506
128. O. Sporns The human connectome: A complex network Ann N Y Acad Sci 1224 2011 109 125
129. K.R.A. Van Dijk, M.R. Sabuncu, and R.L. Buckner The influence of head motion on intrinsic functional connectivity MRI Neuroimage 59 2012 431 438
130. R.M. Birn, M.A. Smith, T.B. Jones, and P.A. Bandettini The respiration response function: The temporal dynamics of fMRI signal fluctuations related to changes in respiration Neuroimage 40 2008 644 654
131. C.M. Lewis, A. Baldassarre, G. Committeri, G.L. Romani, and M. Corbetta Learning sculpts the spontaneous activity of the resting human brain Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106 2009 17558 17563
132. K. Murphy, R.M. Birn, D.A. Handwerker, T.B. Jones, and P.A. Bandettini The impact of global signal regression on resting state correlations: Are anti-correlated networks introduced? Neuroimage 44 2009 893 905
133. X.J. Chai, A.N. Castañón, D. Ongür, and S. Whitfield-Gabrieli Anticorrelations in resting state networks without global signal regression Neuroimage 59 2012 1420 1428
134. R.L. Buckner Human functional connectivity: New tools, unresolved questions Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 2010 10769 10770
135. B.J. He, A.Z. Snyder, J.M. Zempel, M.D. Smyth, and M.E. Raichle Electrophysiological correlates of the brain's intrinsic large-scale functional architecture Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 2008 16039 16044
136. L. Wang, Y.B. Saalmann, M.A. Pinsk, M.J. Arcaro, and S. Kastner Electrophysiological low-frequency coherence and cross-frequency coupling contribute to BOLD connectivity Neuron 76 2012 1010 1020