Morphologic and functional connectivity alterations of corticostriatal and default mode network in treatment-naïve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 12, 2013, Pages

  Hou, Jingming ^a   Song, Lingheng ^a   Zhang, Wei ^a   Wu, Wenjing ^a   Wang, Jian ^a   Zhou, Daiquan ^a   Qu, Wei ^a   Guo, Junwei ^a   Gu, Shanshan ^a   He, Mei ^a   Xie, Bing ^a   Li, Haitao ^a  

^a THIRD MILITARY MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN SIZE; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORPUS STRIATUM; DEFAULT MODE NETWORK; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; GRAY MATTER; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ORBITAL CORTEX; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSTERIOR CINGULATE; REPRODUCIBILITY; RESTING STATE NETWORK; THALAMUS; THALAMUS NUCLEUS; VOXEL BASED MORPHOMETRY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN MAPPING; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CEREBRAL CORTEX; CORPUS STRIATUM; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; NEURAL PATHWAYS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; THALAMUS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84892662201     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083931     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Horwath E, Weissman MM (2000) The epidemiology and cross-national presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 23: 493-507. doi:10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70176-3. PubMed: 10986723.
2. Cavallaro R, Cavedini P, Mistretta P, Bassi T, Angelone SM et al. (2003) Basal-corticofrontal circuits in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled, double dissociation study. Biol Psychiatry 54: 437-443. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01814-0. PubMed: 12915288.
3. Welch JM, Lu J, Rodriguiz RM, Trotta NC, Peca J et al. (2007) Corticostriatal synaptic defects and OCD-like behaviours in Sapap3-mutant mice. Nature 448: 894-900. doi:10.1038/nature06104. PubMed: 17713528.
4. Ahmari SE, Spellman T, Douglass NL, Kheirbek MA, Simpson HB et al. (2013) Repeated cortico-striatal stimulation generates persistent OCD-like behavior. Science 340: 1234-1239. doi:10.1126/science.1234733. PubMed: 23744948.
5. Menzies L, Chamberlain SR, Laird AR, Thelen SM, Sahakian BJ et al. (2008) Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: the orbitofronto-striatal model revisited. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 32: 525-549. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005. PubMed: 18061263.
6. Del Casale A, Kotzalidis GD, Rapinesi C, Serata D, Ambrosi E et al. (2011) Functional neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychobiology 64: 61-85. doi:10.1159/000325223. PubMed: 21701225.
7. Whiteside SP, Port JD, Abramowitz JS (2004) A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 132: 69-79. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.07.001. PubMed: 15546704.
8. Chamberlain SR, Menzies L, Hampshire A, Suckling J, Fineberg NA et al. (2008) Orbitofrontal dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected relatives. Science 321: 421-422. doi:10.1126/science. 1154433. PubMed: 18635808.
9. Rotge JY, Guehl D, Dilharreguy B, Tignol J, Bioulac B et al. (2009) Meta-analysis of brain volume changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 65: 75-83. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.019. PubMed: 18718575.
10. Zarei M, Mataix-Cols D, Heyman I, Hough M, Doherty J et al. (2011) Changes in gray matter volume and white matter microstructure in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 70: 1083-1090. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.032. PubMed: 21903200.
11. Sakai Y, Narumoto J, Nishida S, Nakamae T, Yamada K et al. (2011) Corticostriatal functional connectivity in non-medicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiatry 26: 463-469. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy. 2010.09.005. PubMed: 21067900.
12. Remijnse PL, Nielen MM, van Balkom AJ, Cath DC, van Oppen P et al. (2006) Reduced orbitofrontal-striatal activity on a reversal learning task in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63: 1225-1236. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.11.1225. PubMed: 17088503.
13. Jung WH, Kang DH, Han JY, Jang JH, Gu BM et al. (2011) Aberrant ventral striatal responses during incentive processing in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 123: 376-386. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01659.x. PubMed: 21175552.
14. Yang T, Cheng Y, Li H, Jiang H, Luo C et al. (2010) Abnormal regional homogeneity of drug-naive obsessive-compulsive patients. Neuroreport 21: 786-790. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e32833cadf0. PubMed: 20571458.
15. Hou J, Wu W, Lin Y, Wang J, Zhou D et al. (2012) Localization of cerebral functional deficits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord 138: 313-321. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012. 01.022. PubMed: 22331021.
16. Rotge JY, Guehl D, Dilharreguy B, Cuny E, Tignol J et al. (2008) Provocation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a quantitative voxel-based meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. J Psychiatry Neurosci 33: 405-412. PubMed: 18787662.
17. van den Heuvel OA, Remijnse PL, Mataix-Cols D, Vrenken H, Groenewegen HJ et al. (2009) The major symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder are mediated by partially distinct neural systems. Brain 132: 853-868. PubMed: 18952675.
18. Hoexter MQ, de Souza Duran FL, D'Alcante CC, Dougherty DD, Shavitt RG et al. (2012) Gray matter volumes in obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after fluoxetine or cognitive-behavior therapy: a randomized clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 37: 734-745. doi:10.1038/npp.2011.250. PubMed: 22030709.
19. Beucke JC, Sepulcre J, Talukdar T, Linnman C, Zschenderlein K et al. (2013) Abnormally high degree connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 70: 619-629. doi:10.1001/ jamapsychiatry.2013.173. PubMed: 23740050.
20. Figee M, Luigjes J, Smolders R, Valencia-Alfonso CE, van Wingen G et al. (2013) Deep brain stimulation restores frontostriatal network activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nat Neurosci 16: 386-387. doi:10.1038/nn.3344. PubMed: 23434914.
21. Zhang T, Wang J, Yang Y, Wu Q, Li B et al. (2011) Abnormal small-world architecture of top-down control networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 36: 23-31. doi:10.1503/jpn.100006. PubMed: 20964957.
22. Stern ER, Fitzgerald KD, Welsh RC, Abelson JL, Taylor SF (2012) Resting-state functional connectivity between fronto-parietal and default mode networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLOS ONE 7: e36356. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036356. PubMed: 22570705.
23. Jang JH, Kim JH, Jung WH, Choi JS, Jung MH et al. (2010) Functional connectivity in fronto-subcortical circuitry during the resting state in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosci Lett 474: 158-162. doi:10.1016/j.neulet. 2010.03.031. PubMed: 20302914.
24. Harrison BJ, Soriano-Mas C, Pujol J, Ortiz H, López-Solà M et al. (2009) Altered corticostriatal functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66: 1189-1200. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.152. PubMed: 19884607.
25. Cheng Y, Xu J, Nie B, Luo C, Yang T et al. (2013) Abnormal resting-state activities and functional connectivities of the anterior and the posterior cortexes in medication-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLOS ONE 8: e67478. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067478. PubMed: 23840714.
26. Harrison BJ, Pujol J, Cardoner N, Deus J, Alonso P et al. (2013) Brain corticostriatal systems and the major clinical symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 73: 321-328. doi:10.1016/j. biopsych.2012.10.006. PubMed: 23200527.
27. Fitzgerald KD, Stern ER, Angstadt M, Nicholson-Muth KC, Maynor MR et al. (2010) Altered function and connectivity of the medial frontal cortex in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 68: 1039-1047. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.018. PubMed: 20947065.
28. van den Heuvel OA, van der Werf YD, Verhoef KM, de Wit S, Berendse HW et al. (2010) Frontal-striatal abnormalities underlying behaviours in the compulsive-impulsive spectrum. J Neurol Sci 289: 55-59. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009. 08.043. PubMed: 19729172.
29. Marsh R, Maia TV, Peterson BS (2009) Functional disturbances within frontostriatal circuits across multiple childhood psychopathologies. Am J Psychiatry 166: 664-674. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08091354. PubMed: 19448188.
30. Saxena S, Bota RG, Brody AL (2001) Brain-behavior relationships in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 6: 82-101. doi:10.1053/scnp.2001.21833. PubMed: 11296309.
31. van den Heuvel OA, Veltman DJ, Groenewegen HJ, Cath DC, van Balkom AJ et al. (2005) Frontal-striatal dysfunction during planning in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 301-309. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.301. PubMed: 15753243.
32. Chamberlain SR, Blackwell AD, Fineberg NA, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ (2005) The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: the importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29: 399-419. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.11.006. PubMed: 15820546.
33. Maltby N, Tolin DF, Worhunsky P, O'Keefe TM, Kiehl KA (2005) Dysfunctional action monitoring hyperactivates frontal-striatal circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage 24: 495-503. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.041. PubMed: 15627591.
34. Ursu S, Stenger VA, Shear MK, Jones MR, Carter CS (2003) Overactive action monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Psychol Sci 14: 347-353. doi:10.1111/1467-9280. 24411. PubMed: 12807408.
35. Buckner RL, Andrews-Hanna JR, Schacter DL (2008) The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124: 1-38. doi:10.1196/annals.1440.011. PubMed: 18400922.
36. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, et al. (1989) The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 1006-1011. PubMed: 2684084. Available online at: doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 Available online at: PubMed: 2684084
37. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Delgado P, et al. (1989) The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. II. Validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 1012-1016. PubMed: 2510699. Available online at: doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989. 01810110054008 Available online at: PubMed: 2510699
38. Hamilton M (1959) The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 32: 50-55. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x. PubMed: 13638508.
39. Hamilton M (1960) A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 23: 56-62. doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56. PubMed: 14399272.
40. Ashburner J (2007) A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. NeuroImage 38: 95-113. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007. PubMed: 17761438.
41. Chao-Gan Y, Yu-Feng Z (2010) DPARSF: A MATLAB Toolbox for "Pipeline" Data Analysis of Resting-State fMRI. Front Syst Neurosci 4: 13. PubMed: 20577591.
42. Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Corbetta M, Van Essen DC et al. (2005) The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 9673-9678. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504136102. PubMed: 15976020.
43. Chang C, Glover GH (2009) Effects of model-based physiological noise correction on default mode network anti-correlations and correlations. NeuroImage 47: 1448-1459. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.012. PubMed: 19446646.
44. Fox MD, Zhang D, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME (2009) The global signal and observed anticorrelated resting state brain networks. J Neurophysiol 101: 3270-3283. doi:10.1152/jn.90777.2008. PubMed: 19339462.
45. Gotts SJ, Saad ZS, Jo HJ, Wallace GL, Cox RW et al. (2013) The perils of global signal regression for group comparisons: a case study of Autism Spectrum. Disorders - Front Hum Neuroscience 7: 356.
46. Murphy K, Birn RM, Handwerker DA, Jones TB, Bandettini PA (2009) The impact of global signal regression on resting state correlations: are anti-correlated networks introduced? NeuroImage 44: 893-905. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.036. PubMed: 18976716.
47. He Y, Wang L, Zang Y, Tian L, Zhang X et al. (2007) Regional coherence changes in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease: a combined structural and resting-state functional MRI study. NeuroImage 35: 488-500. doi:10.1016/j. neuroimage.2006.11.042. PubMed: 17254803.
48. Togao O, Yoshiura T, Nakao T, Nabeyama M, Sanematsu H et al. (2010) Regional gray and white matter volume abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res 184: 29-37. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.06.011. PubMed: 20833001.
49. Exner C, Zetsche U, Martin V Rief W, Jansen A (2012) Regional gray matter changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder: relationship to clinical characteristics. Psychiatry Res 202: 74-76. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.10. 007. PubMed: 22595507.
50. Valente AA Jr., Miguel EC, Castro CC, Amaro Jr E, Duran FL et al. (2005) Regional gray matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study. Biol Psychiatry 58: 479-487. doi:10.1016/j. biopsych.2005.04.021. PubMed: 15978549.
51. Radua J, Mataix-Cols D (2009) Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 195: 393-402. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055046. PubMed: 19880927.
52. O'Doherty JP (2007) Lights, camembert, action! The role of human orbitofrontal cortex in encoding stimuli, rewards, and choices. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1121: 254-272. doi:10.1196/annals.1401.036. PubMed: 17872386.
53. Murray EA, O'Doherty JP, Schoenbaum G (2007) What we know and do not know about the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex after 20 years of cross-species studies. J Neurosci 27: 8166-8169. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1556-07.2007. PubMed: 17670960.
54. Evans DW, Lewis MD, Iobst E (2004) The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in normally developing compulsive-like behaviors and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain Cogn 55: 220-234. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00274-4. PubMed: 15134855.
55. Elliott R, Dolan RJ, Frith CD (2000) Dissociable functions in the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from human neuroimaging studies. Cereb Cortex 10: 308-317. doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.308. PubMed: 10731225.
56. Zald DH, McHugo M, Ray KL, Glahn DC, Eickhoff SB et al. (2012) Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling Reveals Differential Functional Connectivity of the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal. Cortex - Cereb Cortex.
57. Rubin RT, Villanueva-Meyer J, Ananth J, Trajmar PG, Mena I (1992) Regional xenon 133 cerebral blood flow and cerebral technetium 99m HMPAO uptake in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and matched normal control subjects. Determination by high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 695-702. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992. 01820090023004. PubMed: 1514874.
58. Kwon JS, Kim JJ, Lee DW, Lee JS, Lee DS et al. (2003) Neural correlates of clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 122: 37-47. doi:10.1016/S0925-4927(02)00104-X. PubMed: 12589881.
59. Saxena S, Brody AL, Maidment KM, Dunkin JJ, Colgan M et al. (1999) Localized orbitofrontal and subcortical metabolic changes and predictors of response to paroxetine treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 21: 683-693. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00082-2. PubMed: 10633474.
60. Aouizerate B, Guehl D, Cuny E, Rougier A, Bioulac B et al. (2004) Pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a necessary link between phenomenology, neuropsychology, imagery and physiology. Prog Neurobiol 72: 195-221. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.02.004. PubMed: 15130710.
61. Figee M, Vink M, de Geus F, Vulink N, Veltman DJ et al. (2011) Dysfunctional reward circuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 69: 867-874. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.12.003. PubMed: 21272861.
62. van der Wee NJ, Ramsey NF, Jansma JM, Denys DA, van Megen HJ et al. (2003) Spatial working memory deficits in obsessive compulsive disorder are associated with excessive engagement of the medial frontal cortex. NeuroImage 20: 2271-2280. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.05.001. PubMed: 14683728.
63. Deckersbach T, Savage CR, Curran T, Bohne A, Wilhelm S et al. (2002) A study of parallel implicit and explicit information processing in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 159: 1780-1782. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1780. PubMed: 12359688.
64. Rauch SL, Savage CR, Alpert NM, Dougherty D, Kendrick A et al. (1997) Probing striatal function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a PET study of implicit sequence learning. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 9: 568-573. PubMed: 9447498.
65. Rotge JY, Langbour N, Jaafari N, Guehl D, Bioulac B et al. (2010) Anatomical alterations and symptom-related functional activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder are correlated in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Biol Psychiatry 67: e37-e38. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.007. PubMed: 20015485.
66. Greicius MD, Kiviniemi V, Tervonen O, Vainionpää V, Alahuhta S et al. (2008) Persistent default-mode network connectivity during light sedation. Hum Brain Mapp 29: 839-847. doi:10.1002/hbm.20537. PubMed: 18219620.
67. Supekar K, Uddin LQ, Prater K, Amin H, Greicius MD et al. (2010) Development of functional and structural connectivity within the default mode network in young children. NeuroImage 52: 290-301. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage. 2010.04.009. PubMed: 20385244.
68. Gusnard DA, Akbudak E, Shulman GL, Raichle ME (2001) Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98: 4259-4264. doi:10.1073/pnas.071043098. PubMed: 11259662.
69. Buckner RL, Carroll DC (2007) Self-projection and the brain. Trends Cogn Sci 11: 49-57. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004. PubMed: 17188554.
70. Fransson P (2005) Spontaneous low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations: an fMRI investigation of the resting-state default mode of brain function hypothesis. Hum Brain Mapp 26: 15-29. doi:10.1002/hbm.20113. PubMed: 15852468.
71. Andrews-Hanna JR, Reidler JS, Sepulcre J, Poulin R, Buckner RL (2010) Functional-anatomic fractionation of the brain's default network. Neuron 65: 550-562. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.005. PubMed: 20188659.
72. Rauch SL, Dougherty DD, Cosgrove GR, Cassem EH, Alpert NM et al. (2001) Cerebral metabolic correlates as potential predictors of response to anterior cingulotomy for obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 50: 659-667. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01188-X. PubMed: 11704072.
73. Deckersbach T, Dougherty DD, Rauch SL (2006) Functional imaging of mood and anxiety disorders. J Neuroimaging 16: 1-10. doi:10.1177/1051228405001474. PubMed: 16483270.
74. Gu BM, Park JY, Kang DH, Lee SJ, Yoo SY et al. (2008) Neural correlates of cognitive inflexibility during task-switching in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain 131: 155-164. PubMed: 18065438.
75. Swedo SE, Schapiro MB, Grady CL, Cheslow DL, Leonard HL et al. (1989) Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 518-523. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810060038007. PubMed: 2786402.
76. Machlin SR, Harris GJ, Pearlson GD, Hoehn-Saric R, Jeffery P et al. (1991) Elevated medial-frontal cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive patients: a SPECT study. Am J Psychiatry 148: 1240-1242. PubMed: 1883006.
77. Baxter LR Jr., Schwartz JM, Bergman KS, Szuba MP, Guze BH et al. (1992) Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 681-689. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820090009002. PubMed: 1514872.
78. Brody AL, Saxena S, Schwartz JM, Stoessel PW, Maidment K et al. (1998) FDG-PET predictors of response to behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 84: 1-6. doi:10.1016/S0925- 4927(98)00041-9. PubMed: 9870412.
79. Schwartz JM, Stoessel PW, Baxter LR Jr., Martin KM, Phelps ME (1996) Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53: 109-113. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830020023004. PubMed: 8629886.
80. Nabeyama M, Nakagawa A, Yoshiura T, Nakao T, Nakatani E et al. (2008) Functional MRI study of brain activation alterations in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder after symptom improvement. Psychiatry Res 163: 236-247. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.11.001. PubMed: 18667293.
81. Birn RM, Diamond JB, Smith MA, Bandettini PA (2006) Separating respiratory-variation-related fluctuations from neuronal-activity-related fluctuations in fMRI. NeuroImage 31: 1536-1548. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006. 02.048. PubMed: 16632379.
82. Wang L, Dai Z, Peng H, Tan L, Ding Y et al. (2013) Overlapping and segregated resting-state functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder with and without childhood neglect. Hum Brain Mapp. PubMed: 23408420
83. Schölvinck ML, Maier A, Ye FQ, Duyn JH, Leopold DA (2010) Neural basis of global resting-state fMRI activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 10238-10243. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913110107. PubMed: 20439733.
84. Xia M, Wang J, He Y (2013) BrainNet Viewer: a network visualization tool for human brain connectomics. PLOS ONE 8: e68910. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0068910. PubMed: 23861951.