Know the risk, take the win: How executive functions and probability processing influence advantageous decision making under risk conditions

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

Volumn 36, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 914-929

  Brand, Matthias ^a,b   Schiebener, Johannes ^a   Pertl, Marie Theres ^c   Delazer, Margarete ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUISBURG ESSEN   (Germany)

^b ERWIN L HAHN INSTITUTE FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING   (Germany)

^c INNSBRUCK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Austria)

Author keywords

Decision making; Executive functions; Mental calculation; Numerical abilities; Ratio processing

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; DECISION MAKING; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; GAME; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; KNOWLEDGE; MALE; MATHEMATICS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PROBABILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; STATISTICS; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DECISION MAKING; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; GAMES, EXPERIMENTAL; HUMANS; KNOWLEDGE; MALE; MATHEMATICS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PHYSIOLOGY; PROBABILITY; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK-TAKING; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84964200290     PISSN: 13803395     EISSN: 1744411X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2014.955783     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Abdel-Kader, K., Dew, M. A., Bhatnagar, M., Argyropoulos, C., Karpov, I., Switzer, G., & Unruh, M. (2010). Numeracy skills in CKD: Correlates and outcomes. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 5, 1566-1573.
2. Arsalidou, M., & Taylor, M. J. (2011). Is 2+2 = 4? Meta-analyses of brain areas needed for numbers and calculations. NeuroImage, 54, 2382-2393.
3. Bar-On, R., Tranel, D., Denburg, N. L., & Bechara, A. (2003). Exploring the neurological substrate of emotional and social intelligence. Brain, 126, 1790-1800.
4. Bazanis, E., Rogers, R. D., Dowson, J. H., Taylor, P., Meux, C., Staley, C., ... Sahakian, B. J. (2002). Neurocognitive deficits in decision-making and planning of patients with DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 32, 1395-1405.
5. Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1997). Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275, 1293-1295.
6. Brand, M., Fujiwara, E., Borsutzky, S., Kalbe, E., Kessler, J., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2005). Decision-making deficits of Korsakoff patients in a new gambling task with explicit rules: Associations with executive functions. Neuropsychology, 19, 267-277.
7. Brand, M., Heinze, K., Labudda, K., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2008). The role of strategies in deciding advantageously in ambiguous and risky situations. Cognitive Processing, 9, 159-173.
8. Brand, M., Kalbe, E., Labudda, K., Fujiwara, E., Kessler, J., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2005). Decision-making impairments in patients with pathological gambling. Psychiatry Research, 133, 91-99.
9. Brand, M., Labudda, K., Kalbe, E., Hilker, R., Emmans, D., Fuchs, G., ... Markowitsch, H. J. (2004). Decision-making impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease. Behavioural Neurology, 15, 77-85.
10. Brand, M., Labudda, K., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2006). Neuropsychological correlates of decision-making in ambiguous and risky situations. Neural Networks, 19, 1266-1276.
11. Brand, M., Laier, C., Pawlikowski, M., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2009). Decision making with and without feedback: The role of intelligence, strategies, executive functions, and cognitive styles. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31, 984-998.
12. Brand, M., Recknor, E. C., Grabenhorst, F., & Bechara, A. (2007). Decisions under ambiguity and decisions under risk: Correlations with executive functions and comparisons of two different gambling tasks with implicit and explicit rules. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29, 86-99.
13. Brand, M., Roth-Bauer, M., Driessen, M., &Markowitsch, H. J. (2008). Executive functions and risky decision-making in patients with opiate dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 97, 64-72.
14. Brand, M., & Schiebener, J. (2013). Interactions of age and cognitive functions in predicting decision making under risky conditions over the life span. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 35, 9-23.
15. Cavanaugh, K., Huizinga, M. M., Wallston, K. A., Gebretsadik, T., Shintani, A., Davis, D., ... Rothman, R. L. (2008). Association of numeracy and diabetes control. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148, 737-746.
16. Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (1995). Towards an anatomical and functional model of number processing. Mathematical Cognition, 1, 83-120.
17. Delazer, M. (2003). Neuropsychological findings on conceptual knowledge in arithmetics. In A. Baroody & A. Dowker (Eds.), The development of arithmetic concepts and skills: Constructing adaptive expertise. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
18. Delazer, M., Domahs, F., Lochy, A., Karner, E., Benke, T., & Poewe, W. (2004). Number processing in basal ganglia dysfunction: A single case study. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1050-1062.
19. Delazer, M., Kemmler, G., & Benke, T. (2013). Health numeracy and cognitive decline in advanced age. Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 20, 639-659.
20. Delazer, M., Sinz, H., Zamarian, L., & Benke, T. (2007). Decision-making with explicit and stable rules in mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1632-1641.
21. Delazer, M., Sinz, H., Zamarian, L., Stockner, H., Seppi, K., Wenning, G. K., ... Poewe, W. (2009). Decision making under risk and under ambiguity in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia, 47, 1901-1908.
22. Drechsler, R., Rizzo, P., & Steinhausen, H. C. (2008). Decision-making on an explicit risk-taking task in preadolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Neural Transmission, 115, 201-209.
23. Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. (1996). Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 390-405.
24. Estrada, C., Barnes, V., Collins, C., & Byrd, J. C. (1999). Health literacy and numeracy. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 527.
25. Euteneuer, F., Schaefer, F., Stuermer, R., Boucsein, W., Timmermann, L., Barbe, M. T., ... Kalbe, E. (2009). Dissociation of decision-making under ambiguity and decision-making under risk in patients with Parkinson's disease: A neuropsychological and psychophysiological study. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2882-2890.
26. Fond, G., Bayard, S., Capdevielle, D., Del-Monte, J., Mimoun, N., Macgregor, A., ... Raffard, S. (2013). A further evaluation of decision-making under risk and under ambiguity in schizophrenia. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 263, 249-257.
27. Friedman, M., & Savage, L. J. (1948). The utility analysis of choices involving risk. Journal of Political Economy, 56, 279-304.
28. Garcia-Retamero, R., Galesic, M., & Gigerenzer, G. (2010). Do icon arrays help reduce denominator neglect? Medical Decision Making, 30, 672-684.
29. Gleichgerrcht, E., Ibanez, A., Roca, M., Torralva, T., & Manes, F. (2010). Decision making cognition in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature Reviews Neurology, 6, 611-623.
30. Härting, C., Markowitsch, H. J., Neufeld, H., Calabrese, P., Deisinger, K., & Kessler, J. (2000). Wechsler Gedächtnistest-revidierte Fassung: WMS-R; deutsche Adaptation der revidierten Fassung der Wechsler Memory Scale [Revised Wechsler Memory Scale; German version]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
31. Hodzik, S., & Lemaire, P. (2011). Inhibition and shifting capacities mediate adults' age-related differences in strategy selection and repertoire. Acta Psychologica, 137, 335-344.
32. Hoffrage, U., Lindsey, S., Hertwig, R., & Gigerenzer, G. (2000). Communicating statistical information. Science, 290, 2261-2262.
33. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling concepts issues and applications (pp. 76-99). London: Sage.
34. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
35. Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58, 697-720.
36. Keeney, R. L., & Raiffa, H. (1993). Decisions with multiple objectives: Preferences and value tradeoffs. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
37. Labudda, K., Frigge, K., Horstmann, S., Aengenendt, J., Woermann, F. G., Ebner, A., ... Brand, M. (2009). Decision making in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychologia, 47, 50-58.
38. Langdon, D. W., & Warrington, E. K. (1995). The VESPAR: A verbal and spatial reasoning test. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum.
39. Langdon, D. W., & Warrington, E. K. (1997). The abstraction of numerical relations: A role for the right hemisphere in arithmetic? Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 260-268.
40. Lemaire, P., & Arnaud, L. (2008). Young and older adults' strategies in complex arithmetic. American Journal of Psychology, 121, 1-16.
41. Lipkus, I. M., & Peters, E. (2009). Understanding the role of numeracy in health: Proposed theoretical framework and practical insights. Health Education &Behavior, 36, 1065-1081.
42. Lipkus, I. M., Samsa, G., & Rimer, B. K. (2001). General performance on a numeracy scale among highly educated samples. Medical Decision Making, 21, 37-44.
43. Mantovan, M. C., Delazer, M., Ermani, M., & Denes, G. (1999). The breakdown of calculation procedures in Alzheimer 's disease. Cortex, 35, 21-38.
44. McCloskey, M., Caramazza, A., & Basili, A. (1985). Cognitive mechanisms in number processing and calculation: Evidence from dyscalculia. Brain and Cognition, 4, 171-196.
45. Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (2011). Mplus. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
46. Nelson, H. E. (1976). A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex, 12, 313-324.
47. Pabst, S., Brand, M., & Wolf, O. T. (2013). Stress effects on framed decisions: There are differences for gains and losses. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7 (Article 142), 1-10.
48. Pertl, M., Benke, T., Zamarian, L., Martini, C., Bodner, T., Karner, E., & Delazer, M. (2014). Do patients with mild cognitive impairment understand numerical health information? Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 40(3): 531-540. doi:10.3233/JAD-131895
49. Peters, E., Vastfjall, D., Slovic, P., Mert, C. K., Mazzocco, K., & Dickert, S. (2006). Numeracy and decision making. Psychological Science, 17, 407-413.
50. Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trailmaking Test as an indication of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8, 271-276.
51. Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1995). Category test and trail making test as measures of frontal lobe functions. Clinical Neuropsychology, 9, 50-56.
52. Reyna, V. F. (2004). How people make decisions that involve risk: A dual-processes approach. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 60-66.
53. Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (2007). The importance of mathematics in health and human judgment: Numeracy, risk communication, and medical decision making. Learning and Individual Differences, 17, 147-159.
54. Reyna, V. F., Nelson, W. L., Han, P. K., & Dieckmann, N. F. (2009). How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 943-973.
55. Schiebener, J., Wegmann, E., Pawlikowski, M., & Brand, M. (2013). Supporting decisions under risk: Explicit advice differentially affects people according to their working memory performance and executive functioning. Neuroscience of Decision Making, 1, 9-18.
56. Schiebener, J., Zamarian, L., Delazer, M., & Brand, M. (2011). Executive functions, categorization of probabilities and learning from feedback: What does really matter for decision-making under explicit risk conditions? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33, 1025-1039.
57. Schwartz, L. M., Woloshin, S., Black, W. C., & Welch, H. G. (1997). The role of numeracy in understanding the benefit of screening mammography. Annals of Internal Medicine, 127, 966-972.
58. Semenza, C., Miceli, L., & Girelli, L. (1997). A deficit for arithmetical procedures: Lack of knowledge or lack of monitoring? Cortex, 33, 483-498.
59. Sheridan, S. L., & Pignone, M. (2002). Numeracy and the medical students' ability to interpret data. Effective Clinical Practice, 5, 35-40.
60. Sinz, H., Zamarian, L., Benke, T., Wenning, G. K., & Delazer, M. (2008). Impact of ambiguity and risk on decision making in mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2043-2055.
61. Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 645-726.
62. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review, 90, 293-315.
63. Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
64. Weinfurt, K. P., Castel, L. D., Li, Y., Sulmasy, D. P., Balshem, A. M., Benson, A. B., ... Meropol, N. J. (2003). The correlation between patient characteristics and expectations of benefit from Phase I clinical trials. Cancer, 98, 166-175.
65. Zamarian, L., Benke, T., Buchler, M., Wenter, J., & Delazer, M. (2010). Information about medications may cause misunderstanding in older adults with cognitive impairment. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 298, 46-51.
66. Zamarian, L., Semenza, C., Domahs, F., Benke, T., & Delazer, M. (2007). Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: Effects of shifting and interference in simple arithmetic. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 263, 79-88.
67. Zamarian, L., Sinz, H., Bonatti, E., Gamboz, N., & Delazer, M. (2008). Normal aging affects decisions under ambiguity, but not decisions under risk. Neuropsychology, 22, 645-657.