Nanostructured biocomposites from aliphatic polyesters and bacterial cellulose

Industrial Crops and Products

Volumn 93, Issue , 2016, Pages 251-266

  Panaitescu, Denis Mihaela ^a   Frone, Adriana Nicoleta ^a   Chiulan, Ioana ^a  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY AND PETROCHEMISTRY ICECHIM   (Romania)

Author keywords

Bacterial cellulose; Polyhydroxyalkanoate; Polylactide; Polymer biocomposites

Indexed keywords

BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; CELLULOSE; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; FOSSIL FUELS; GLOBAL WARMING; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MEDICAL PROBLEMS; NANOCOMPOSITES; PACKAGING MATERIALS; POLYESTERS; POLYMERS; PROVEN RESERVES;

BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; BIO-COMPOSITES; BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS; ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS; POLY LACTIDE; POLY(BUTYLENE SUCCINATE); POLY-HYDROXYALKANOATE; POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES;

FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS;

BACTERIUM; BIOENGINEERING; BIOGENIC MATERIAL; CELLULOSE; ESTER; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; GLOBAL WARMING; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PLASTIC; POLYMER;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 84959181527     PISSN: 09266690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.02.038     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. Abeer, M.M., Amin, M.C.I.M., Martin, C., A review of bacterial cellulose-based drug delivery systems: their biochemistry, current approaches and future prospects. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 66 (2014), 1047–1061.
2. Albertsson, A.-C., Varma, I.K., Recent developments in ring opening polymerization of lactones for biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 4 (2003), 1466–1486.
3. Ambrosio-Martın, J., Fabra, M.J., Lopez-Rubio, A., Lagaron, J.M., Melt polycondensation to improve the dispersion of bacterial cellulose into polylactide via melt compounding: enhanced barrier and mechanical properties. Cellulose 22 (2015), 1201–1226.
4. Armentano, I., Bitinis, N., Fortunati, E., Mattioli, S., Rescignano, N., Verdejo, R., Lopez-Manchado, M.A., Kenny, J.M., Multifunctional nanostructured PLA materials for packaging and tissue engineering. Prog. Polym. Sci. 38 (2013), 1720–1747.
5. Auras, R., Lim, L.-T., Selke, S.E.M., Tsuji, H., Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications. 2010, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken.
6. Barud, H.S., Ribeiro, S.J.L., Carone, C.L.P., Ligabue, R., Einloft, S., Queiroz, P.V.S., Borges, A.P.B., Jahno, V.D., Optically transparent membrane based on bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone. Polímeros 23 (2013), 135–138.
7. Barud, H.S., Souza, J.L., Santos, D.B., Crespi, M.S., Ribeiro, C.A., Messaddeq, Y., Ribeiro, S.J.L., Bacterial cellulose/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composite membranes. Carbohydr. Polym. 83 (2011), 1279–1284.
8. Basnett, P., Knowles, J.C., Pishbin, F., Smith, C., Keshavarz, T., Boccaccini, A.R., Roy, I., Novel biodegradable and biocompatible poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/bacterial cellulose composites. Adv. Eng. Mater. 14 (2012), 330–343.
9. Belgacem, M.N., Gandini, A., Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources. 2008, Elsevier Ltd., Kidlington.
10. Blaker, J.J., Lee, K.Y., Mantalaris, A., Bismarck, A., Ice-microsphere templating to produce highly porous nanocomposite PLA matrix scaffolds with pores selectively lined by bacterial cellulose nano-whiskers. Comp. Sci. Technol. 70 (2010), 1879–1888.
11. Blaker, J.J., Lee, K.Y., Walters, M., Drouet, M., Bismarck, A., Aligned unidirectional PLA/bacterial cellulose nanocomposite fibre reinforced PDLLA composites. React. Funct. Polym. 85 (2014), 185–192.
12. Brown, R.M., Cellulose structure and biosynthesis: what is in store for the 21st century?. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 42 (2004), 487–495.
13. Brown, R.M. Jr., Saxena, I.M., Cellulose biosynthesis: a model for understanding the assembly of biopolymers. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 38 (2000), 57–67.
14. Boufi, S., Nanofibrillated cellulose: sustainable nanofiller with broad potentials use. Hakeem, K.R., Jawaid, M., Rashid, U., (eds.) Biomass and Bioenergy, 2014, Springer International Publishing, 267–305.
15. Carreira, P., Mendes, J.A.S., Trovatti, E., Serafim, L.S., Freire, C.S.R., Silvestre, A.J.D., Neto, C.P., Utilization of residues from agro-forest industries in the production of high value bacterial cellulose. Bioresour.Technol. 102 (2011), 7354–7360.
16. Casarica, A., Campeanu, G., Moscovici, M., Ghiorghita, A., Manea, V., Improvement of bacterial cellulose production by Aceobacter Xyilinum DSMZ 2004 on poor quality horticultural substrates using the Taguchi method for media optimization. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 47 (2013), 61–68.
17. Castro, C., Zuluaga, R., Alvarez, C., Putaux, J.-L., Caro, G., Rojas, O.J., Mondragon, I., Gañán, P., Bacterialcellulose produced by a new acid-resistant strain of Gluconacetobacter genus. Carbohydr. Polym. 89 (2012), 1033–1037.
18. Chiulan, I., Panaitescu, D.M., Frone, A.N., Teodorescu, M., Nicolae, C.A., Căşărică, A., Tofan, V., Sălăgeanu, A., Preparation and properties of biocompatible polyhydroxyalkanoates/bacterial cellulose nanocomposites, in press.
19. Collinson, S.R., Thielemans, W., The catalytic oxidation of biomass to new materials focusing on starch cellulose and lignin. Coord. Chem. Rev. 254 (2010), 1854–1870.
20. Czaja, W.K., Young, D.J., Kawecki, M., Brown, R.M. Jr., The future prospects of microbial cellulose in biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 8 (2007), 1–12.
21. de Castro, D.O., Bras, J., Gandini, A., Belgacem, N., Surface grafting of cellulose nanocrystals with natural antimicrobial rosin mixture using a green process. Carbohydr. Polym. 137 (2016), 1–8.
22. Diddens, I., Murphy, B., Krisch, M., Müller, M., Anisotropic elastic properties of cellulose measured using inelastic X-ray scattering. Macromolecules 41 (2008), 9755–9759.
23. Dufresne, A., Nanocellulose: From Nature to High Performance Tailored Materials. 2012, Walter De Gruyter, Berlin.
24. Dufresne, A., Cellulose-based composites and nanocomposites. Ebnesajjad, S., (eds.) Handbook of Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics, 2013, Elsevier Ltd., Kidlington, 153–169.
25. Dufresne, A., Crystalline starch based nanoparticles. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 19 (2014), 397–408.
26. Eichhorn, S.J., Dufresne, A., Aranguren, M., Marcovich, N.E., Capadona, J.R., Rowan, S.J., Weder, C., Thielemans, W., Roman, M., Renneckar, S., Gindl, W., Veigel, S., Keckes, J., Yano, H., Abe, K., Nogi, M., Nakagaito, A.N., Mangalam, A., Simonsen, J., Benight, A.S., Bismarck, A., Berglund, L.A., Peijs, T., Review: current international research into cellulose nanofibres and nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. 45 (2010), 1–33.
27. Eshraghi, S., Das, S., Mechanical and microstructural properties of polycaprolactone scaffolds with one-dimensional two-dimensional, and three-dimensional orthogonally oriented porous architectures produced by selective laser sintering. Acta Biomater. 6 (2010), 2467–2476.
28. Favier, V., Canova, G.R., Cavaillé, J.Y., Chanzy, H., Dufresne, A., Gauthier, C., Nanocomposite materials from latex and cellulose whiskers. Polym. Adv. Technol. 6 (1995), 351–355.
29. Missoum, K., Belgacem, M.N., Bras, J., Nanofibrillated cellulose surface modification: a review. Materials 6 (2013), 1745–1766.
30. Figueiredo, A.R.P., Silvestre, A.J.D., Neto, C.P., Freire, C.S.R., In situ synthesis of bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone blends for hot pressing nanocomposite films production. Carbohydr. Polym. 132 (2015), 400–408.
31. Flieger, M., Kantorová, M., Prell, A., Řezanka, T., Votruba, J., Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources. Folia Microbiol. 48 (2003), 27–44.
32. Frone, A.N., Berlioz, S., Chailan, J.-F., Panaitescu, D.M., Morphology and thermal properties of PLA–cellulose nanofibers composites. Carbohydr. Polym. 91 (2013), 377–384.
33. Frone, A.N., Panaitescu, D.M., Donescu, D., Spataru, C.I., Radovici, C., Trusca, R., Somoghi, R., Preparation and characterization of PVA composites with cellulose nanofibers obtained by ultrasonication. BioResources 6 (2011), 487–512.
34. Fu, L., Zhang, J., Yang, G., Present status and applications of bacterial cellulose-based materials for skin tissue repair. Carbohydr. Polym. 92 (2013), 1432–1442.
35. Fujimaki, T., Processability and properties of aliphatic polyesters, ‘BIONOLLE’, synthesized by polycondensation reaction. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 59 (1998), 209–214.
36. Gamez-Perez, J., Velazquez-Infante, J.C., Franco-Urquiza, E., Pages, P., Carrasco, F., Santana, O.O., Maspoch, M.L., Fracture behavior of quenched poly(lactic acid). eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 5 (2011), 82–91.
37. Ganß, K., Nechwatal, A., Frankenfeld, K., Schlufter, K., Difficulties in the use of ground bacterial cellulose (BC) as reinforcement of polylactid acid (PLA) using melt-mixing and extrusion technologies. Open J. Compos. Mater. 2 (2012), 97–103.
38. Garlotta, D., A literature review of poly(lactic acid). J. Polym. Environ. 9 (2001), 63–84.
39. Gatenholm, P., Klemm, D., Bacterial nanocellulose as a renewable material for biomedical applications. MRS Bull. 35 (2010), 208–213.
40. Gea, S., Reynolds, C.T., Roohpur, N., Soykeabkaew, N., Wirjosentono, B., Bilotti, E., Peijs, T., Biodegradable composites based on poly(-caprolactone) and bacterial cellulose as a reinforcing agent. J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy 4 (2010), 384–390.
41. Gellerstedt, G., Softwood kraft lignin: raw material for the future. Ind. Crops Prod. 77 (2015), 845–854.
42. Ghaffar, S.H., Fan, M., McVicar, B., Bioengineering for utilisation and bioconversion of straw biomass into bio-products. Ind. Crops Prod. 77 (2015), 262–274.
43. Grande, C.J., Torres, F.G., Gomez, C.M., Bano, M.C., Nanocomposites of bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater. 5 (2009), 1605–1615.
44. Guhados, G., Wan, W., Hutter, J.L., Measurement of the elastic modulus of single bacterial cellulose fibers using atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 21 (2005), 6642–6646.
45. Habibi, Y., Lucia, L.A., Rojas, O.J., Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry self-assembly, and applications. Chem. Rev. 110 (2010), 3479–3500.
46. Haigler, C.H., Benziman, M., Biogenesis of cellulose I microfibrils occurs by cell-directed self-assembly in Acetobacter xylinum. Brown, R.M. Jr., (eds.) Cellulose and Other Natural Polymer Systems, 1982, Plenum Press, New York, 273–297.
47. Henrique, M.A., Neto, W.P.F., Silvério, H.A., Martins, D.F., Gurgel, L.V.A., da Silva Barud, H., de Morais, L.C., Pasquini, D., Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of cellulose nanocrystals with different polymorphs, cellulose I and II extracted from different sources and using different types of acids. Ind. Crops Prod. 76 (2015), 128–140.
48. Hong, F., Guo, X., Zhang, S., Han, S., Yang, G., Jönsson, L.J., Bacterial cellulose production from cotton-based waste textiles: enzymatic saccharification enhanced by ionic liquid pretreatment. Bioresour. Technol. 104 (2012), 503–508.
49. Hsieh, Y.C., Yano, H., Nogi, M., Eichhorn, S.J., An estimation of the Young's modulus of bacterial cellulose filaments. Cellulose 15 (2008), 507–513.
50. Hu, W., Chen, S., Yang, J., Li, Z., Wang, H., Functionalized bacterial cellulose derivatives and nanocomposites. Carbohydr. Polym. 101 (2014), 1043–1060.
51. Huang, Y., Zhu, C., Yang, J., Nie, Y., Chen, C., Sun, D., Recent advances in bacterial cellulose. Cellulose 21 (2014), 1–30.
52. Hurtado, P.L., Rouilly, A., Vandenbossche, V., Raynaud, C., A review on the properties of cellulose fibre insulation. Build. Environ. 96 (2016), 170–177.
53. Hutchens, S.A., Benson, R.S., Evans, B.R., O'Neill, H.M., Rawn, C.J., Biomimetic synthesis of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite in a natural hydrogel. Biomaterials 27 (2006), 4661–4670.
54. Khandelwal, M., Windle, A.H., Origin of chiral interactions in cellulose supra-molecular microfibrils. Carbohydr. Polym. 106 (2014), 128–131.
55. Khandelwal, M., Windle, A.H., Hierarchical organisation in the most abundant biopolymer—cellulose. MRS Proc. 1504 (2013), 1–6.
56. Khandelwal, M., Windle, A.H., Self-assembly of bacterial and tunicate cellulose nanowhiskers. Polymer 54 (2013), 5199–5206.
57. Kim, Y., Jung, R., Kim, H.S., Jin, H.J., Transparent nanocomposites prepared by incorporating microbial nanofibrils into poly(L-lactic acid). Curr. Appl. Phys. 9 (2009), 69–71.
58. Klemm, D., Kramer, F., Moritz, S., Lindstrom, T., Ankerfors, M., Gray, D., Dorris, A., Nanocelluloses: a new family of nature-based materials. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 (2011), 5438–5466.
59. Kose, R., Mitani, I., Kasai, W., Kondo, T., Nanocellulose as a single nanofiber prepared from pellicle secreted by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using aqueous counter collision. Biomacromolecules 12 (2011), 716–720.
60. Kucinska-Lipka, J., Gubanska, I., Janik, H., Bacterial cellulose in the field of wound healing and regenerative medicine of skin: recent trends and future prospectives. Polym. Bull. 72 (2015), 2399–2419.
61. Iqbal, H.M.N., Kyazze, G., Tronb, T., Keshavarz, T., Laccase-assisted grafting of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) onto the bacterial cellulose as backbone polymer: development and characterization. Carbohydr. Polym. 113 (2014), 131–137.
62. Laborie, M.-P.G., Bacterial cellulose and its polymeric nanocomposites. Lucia, L.A., Rojas, O.J., (eds.) The Nanoscience and Technology of Renewable Biomaterials, 2009, John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken, 231–271.
63. Lahiji, R.R., Xu, X., Reifenberger, R., Raman, A., Rudie, A., Moon, R.J., Atomic force microscopy characterization of cellulose nanocrystals. Langmuir 26 (2010), 4480–4488.
64. Lavoine, N., Desloges, I., Dufresne, A., Bras, J., Microfibrillated cellulose—its barrier properties and applications in cellulosic materials: a review. Carbohydr. Polym. 90 (2012), 735–764.
65. Lee, K.-Y., Buldum, G., Mantalaris, A., Bismarck, A., More than meets the eye in bacterial cellulose: biosynthesis bioprocessing, and applications in advanced fiber composites. Macromol. Biosci. 14 (2014), 10–32.
66. Lee, K.Y., Tang, M., Williams, C.K., Bismarck, A., Carbohydrate derived copoly(lactide) as the compatibilizer for bacterial cellulose reinforced polylactide nanocomposites. Comp. Sci. Technol. 72 (2012), 1646–1650.
67. Lu, J., Tappel, R.C., Nomura, C.T., Mini-review biosynthesis of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates). J. Macromol. Sci. Polym. Rev. 49 (2009), 226–248.
68. Luddee, M., Pivsa-Art, S., Sirisansaneeyakul, S., Pechyen, C., Particle size of ground bacterial cellulose affecting mechanical, thermal, and moisture barrier properties of PLA/BC biocomposites. Energy Procedia 56 (2014), 211–218.
69. Luo, H., Xiong, G., Li, Q., Ma, C., Zhu, Y., Guo, R., Wan, Y., Preparation and properties of a novel porous poly(lactic acid) composite reinforced with bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers. Fiber Polym. 15 (2014), 2591–2596.
70. Martinez-Sanz, M., Lopez-Rubio, A., Lagaron, J.M., Optimization of the nanofabrication by acid hydrolysis of bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers. Carbohydr. Polym. 85 (2011), 228–236.
71. Martinez-Sanz, M., Villano, M., Oliveira, C., Albuquerque, M.G.E., Majone, M., Reis, M., Lopez-Rubio, A., Lagaron, J.M., Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesized from microbial mixed cultures and of their nanobiocomposites with bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers. New Biotechnol. 31 (2014), 364–376.
72. Martinez-Sanz, M., Lopez-Rubio, A., Villano, M., Oliveira, C.S.S., Majone, M., Reis, M., Lagaron, J.M., Production of bacterial nanobiocomposites of polyhydroxyalkanoates derived from waste and bacterial nanocellulose by the electrospinning enabling melt compounding method. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 133 (2016), 42486–42499.
73. MatWeb, 2016. Biomer P226 PHB biodegradable polymer datasheets, http://www.matweb.com/search/.
74. Moon, R.J., Martini, A., Nairn, J., Simonsen, J., Youngblood, J., Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40 (2011), 3941–3994.
75. Mukherjee, S.M., Woods, H.J., X-ray and electron microscope studies of the degradation of cellulose by sulphuric acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 10 (1953), 499–511.
76. Nigmatullin, R., Thomas, P., Lukasiewicz, B., Puthussery, H., Roy, I., Polyhydroxyalkanoates, a family of natural polymers, and their applications in drug delivery. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 90 (2015), 1209–1221.
77. Noggle, G.R., Fritz, G.J., Introductory Plant Physiology. second ed., 1983, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
78. Panaitescu, D.M., Frone, A.N., Ghiurea, M., Chiulan, I., Influence of storage conditions on starch/PVA films containing cellulose nanofibers. Ind. Crops Prod. 70 (2015), 170–177.
79. Panaitescu, D.M., Frone, A.N., Cellulose nanofibers: applications. Mishra, M., (eds.) Encyclopedia of Biomedical Polymers and Polymeric Biomaterials, 2015, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1441–1452.
80. Panaitescu, D.M., Frone, A.N., Nicolae, C., Micro- and nano-mechanical characterization of polyamide 11 and its composites containing cellulose nanofibers. Eur. Polym. J. 49 (2013), 3857–3866.
81. Pandey, J.K., Takagi, H., Nakagaito, A.N., Kim, H.-J., Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites. Processing Performance and Application. Volume C: Polymer Nanocomposites of Cellulose Nanoparticles. 2015, Springer, Heidelberg.
82. Pawar, R.P., Tekale, S.U., Shisodia, S.U., Totre, J.T., Domb, A.J., Biomedical applications of poly(lactic acid). Recent Pat. Regener. Med. 4 (2014), 40–51.
83. Petersen, N., Gatenholm, P., Bacterial cellulose-based materials and medical devices: current state and perspectives. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 91 (2011), 1277–1286.
84. Pircher, N., Veigel, S., Aigner, N., Nedelec, J.M., Rosenau, T., Liebner, F., Reinforcement of bacterial cellulose aerogels with biocompatible polymers. Carbohydr. Polym. 111 (2014), 505–513.
85. Pourramezan, G.Z., Roayaei, A.M., Qezelbash, Q.R., Optimization of culture conditions for bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter sp. 4B-2. Biotechnology 8 (2009), 150–154.
86. Quero, F., Nogi, M., Yano, H., Abdulsalami, K., Holmes, S.M., Sakakini, B.H., Eichhorn, S.J., Optimization of the mechanical performance of bacterial cellulose/Poly(L-lactic) acid composites. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1 (2010), 321–330.
87. Quero, F., Eichhorn, S.J., Nogi, M., Yano, H., Lee, K.Y., Bismarck, A., Interfaces in cross-linked and grafted bacterial cellulose/Poly(Lactic Acid) resin composites. J. Polym. Environ. 20 (2012), 916–925.
88. Rajwade, J.M., Paknikar, K.M., Kumbhar, J.V., Applications of bacterial cellulose and its composites in biomedicine. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99 (2015), 2491–2511.
89. Raquez, J.-M., Habibi, Y., Murariu, M., Dubois, P., Polylactide (PLA)-based nanocomposites. Prog. Polym. Sci., 38, 2013, 1504.
90. Rehm, B.H.A., Bacterial polymers: biosynthesis, modifications and applications. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8 (2010), 578–592.
91. Rhim, J.-W., Park, H.-M., Ha, C.-S., Bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 38 (2013), 1629–1652.
92. Rudnik, E., Compostable Polymer Materials. 2008, Elsevier Ltd., Kidlington.
93. Ruka, D.R., Simon, G.P., Dean, K.M., In situ modifications to bacterial cellulose with the water insoluble polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate. Carbohydr. Polym. 92 (2013), 1717–1723.
94. Ruka, D.R., Simon, G.P., Dean, K., Harvesting fibrils from bacterial cellulose pellicles and subsequent formation of biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate nanocomposites. Cellulose 21 (2014), 4299–4308.
95. Sakurada, I., Nukushina, Y., Ito, T., Experimental determination of the elastic modulus of crystalline regions in oriented polymers. J. Polym. Sci. 57 (1962), 651–660.
96. Santiago-Cintron, M., Johnson, G.P., French, A.D., Young's modulus calculations for cellulose Iβ by MM3 and quantum mechanics. Cellulose 18 (2011), 505–516.
97. Saxena, I.M., Brown, R.M., Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose. Gama, M., Gatenholm, P., Klemm, D., (eds.) Bacterial Nanocellulose: A Sophisticated Multifunctional Material, 2013, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1–18.
98. Shah, N., Ul-Islam, M., Khattak, W.A., Park, J.K., Overview of bacterial cellulose composites: a multipurpose advanced material. Carbohydr. Polym. 98 (2013), 1585–1598.
99. Sheykhnazari, S., Tabarsa, T., Ashori, A., Shakeri, A., Golalipour, M., Bacterial synthesized cellulose nanofibers; effects of growth times and culture mediums on the structural characteristics. Carbohydr. Polym. 86 (2011), 1187–1191.
100. de Souza, D.J., Porto, L.M., Pezzin, A.P.T., Vacuum dried membranes of poly (l-lactic acid) and bacterial cellulose for biomedical applications. BMC Proceedings 5th Congress of the Brazilian Biotechnology Society, 8(Suppl. 4), 2014, 50.
101. Sturcova, A., Davies, G.R., Eichhorn, S.J., Elastic modulus and stress-transfer properties of tunicate cellulose whiskers. Biomacromolecules 6 (2005), 1055–1061.
102. Ten, E., Jiang, L., Wolcott, M.P., Strategies for preparation of oriented cellulose nanowhiskers composites. Liebner, F., Rosenau, T., (eds.) Functional Materials from Renewable Sources. Acs Symposium Series, 2012, American Chemical Society, Washington, 17–36.
103. Tischer, P.C.S.F., Sierakowski, M.R., Westfahl, H. Jr., Tischer, C.A., Nanostructural reorganization of bacterial cellulose by ultrasonic treatment. Biomacromolecules 11 (2010), 1217–1224.
104. Thomas, S., Ninan, N., Mohan, S., Francis, E., Natural Polymers, Biopolymers, Biomaterials, and Their Composites, Blends, and IPNs. 2012, Apple Academic Press Inc., Oakville.
105. Thakur, V.K., Green Composites from Natural Resources. 2013, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
106. Thakur, V.K., Nanocellulose Polymer Nanocomposites. Fundamentals and Applications. 2015, Wiley-Scrivener Publishing, New York.
107. Thakur, V.K., Thakur, M.K., Raghavan, P., Kessler, M.R., Progress in green polymer composites from lignin for multifunctional applications: a review. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2 (2014), 1072–1092.
108. Tome, L.C., Pinto, R.J.B., Trovatti, E., Freire, C.S.R., Silvestre, A.J.D., Neto, C.P., Gandini, A., Transparent bionanocomposites with improved properties prepared from acetylated bacterial cellulose and poly(lactic acid) through a simple approach. Green Chem. 13 (2011), 419–427.
109. Vert, M., Aliphatic polyesters: great degradable polymers that cannot do everything. Biomacromolecules 6 (2005), 538–546.
110. Wan, Y.Z., Hong, L., Jia, S.R., Huang, Y., Zhu, Y., Wang, Y.L., Jiang, H.J., Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite–bacterial cellulose nanocomposites. Comp. Sci. Technol. 66 (2006), 1825–1832.
111. Williams, C.K., Hillmyer, M.A., Polymers from renewable resources: a perspective for a special issue of polymer reviews. Polym. Rev. 48 (2008), 1–10.
112. Yamanaka, S., Watanabe, K., Kitamura, N., Iguchi, M., Mitsuhashi, S., Nishi, Y., Uryu, M., The structure and mechanical properties of sheets prepared from bacterial cellulose. J. Mater. Sci. 24 (1989), 3141–3145.
113. Zaharia, C., Vasile, E., Galateanu, B., Bunea, M.-C., Casarica, A., Stanescu, P.O., Bacterial cellulose-polyhydroxyalkanoates composites. Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation for tissue engineering. Mater. Plast. 51 (2014), 1–5.
114. Zimmermann, K.A., LeBlanc, J.M., Sheets, K.T., Fox, R.W., Gatenholm, P., Biomimetic design of a bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone healing applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 31 (2011), 43–49.
115. Zia, K.M., Noreen, A., Zuber, M., Tabasum, S., Mujahid, M., Recent developments and future prospects on bio-based polyesters derived from renewable resources: a review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 82 (2016), 1028–1040.
116. Zhang, K., Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M., Fully biodegradable and biorenewable ternary blends from polylactide, Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) and Poly(butylene succinate) with balanced properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (2012), 3091–3101.
117. Zhijiang, C., Guang, Y., Optical nanocomposites prepared by incorporating bacterial cellulose nanofibrils into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Mater. Lett. 65 (2011), 182–184.
118. Zhijiang, C., Guang, Y., Kim, J., Biocompatible nanocomposites prepared by impregnating bacterial cellulose nanofibrils into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Curr. Appl. Phys. 11 (2011), 247–249.
119. Zhijiang, C., Chengwei, H., Guang, Y., Poly(3-hydroxubutyrate-co-4-hydroxubutyrate)/bacterial cellulose composite porous scaffold preparation, characterization and biocompatibility evaluation. Carbohydr. Polym. 87 (2012), 1073–1080.