Polylactide (PLA)-based nanocomposites

Progress in Polymer Science

Volumn 38, Issue 10-11, 2013, Pages 1504-1542

  Raquez, Jean Marie ^a   Habibi, Youssef ^a   Murariu, Marius ^a   Dubois, Philippe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONS   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Dispersion; High performance properties; Nanocomposites; Nanofillers; Polylactide; Synergistic association

Indexed keywords

BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BIODEGRADABILITY; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; DISPERSION (WAVES); FLAME RESISTANCE; HEAT RESISTANCE; PETROLEUM DEPOSITS; POLYESTERS;

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC; ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PROCESS; HEAT DISTORTION TEMPERATURE; NANO-FILLERS; PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES; POLY LACTIDE; RATE OF CRYSTALLIZATION; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES;

NANOCOMPOSITES;

EID: 84885021490     PISSN: 00796700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.014     Document Type: Review

References (298)

1. J.F. Jenck, F. Agterberg, and M.J. Droescher Products and processes for a sustainable chemical industry: a review of achievements and prospects Green Chemistry 6 2004 544 556
2. D.L. Kaplan Biopolymers from renewable resources 1998 Springer Heidelberg 421
3. K. Kummerer Sustainable from the very beginning: rational design of molecules by life cycle engineering as an important approach for green pharmacy and green chemistry Green Chemistry 9 2007 899 907
4. R. Auras, B. Harte, and S. Selke An overview of polylactides as packaging materials Macromolecular Bioscience 4 2004 835 864
5. W.H. Carothers, G.L. Dorough, and F.J. van Natta Studies of polymerization and ring formation. X. The reversible polymerization of six-membered cyclic esters Journal of the American Chemical Society 54 1932 761 772
6. S. Sosnowski, M. Gadzinowski, and S. Slowkowski Poly(l,l-lactide) microspheres by ring-opening polymerization Macromolecules 29 1996 4556 4564
7. D. Garlotta A literature review of poly(lactic acid) Journal of Polymers and the Environment 9 2001 63 84
8. A. Södergård, and M. Stolt Properties of lactic acid based polymers and their correlation with composition Progress in Polymer Science 27 2002 1123 1163
9. K. Stridsberg, M. Ryner, and A.C. Albertsson Controlled ring-opening polymerization: polymers with designed macromolecular architecture Advances in Polymer Science 157 2002 41 65
10. K. Jamshidi, S.H. Hyon, and Y. Ikada Thermal characterization of polylactides Polymer 29 1998 2229 2234
11. K.S. Anderson, K.M. Schreck, and M.A. Hillmyer Toughening polylactide Polymer Reviews 48 2008 85 108
12. J.E. Mark Polymer data handbook 2009 Oxford University Press London 1264
13. R.M. Rasal, A.V. Janorkar, and D.E. Hirt Poly(lactic acid) modifications Progress in Polymer Science 35 2010 338 356
14. M. Alexandre, and P. Dubois Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials Materials Science and Engineering: R 28 2000 1 63
15. P. Bordes, E. Pollet, and L. Avérous Nano-biocomposites: biodegradable polyester/nanoclay systems Progress in Polymer Science 34 2009 125 155
16. F. Hussain, M. Hojjati, M. Okamoto, and R.E. Gorga Review article: polymer-matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing, and application: an overview Journal of Composite Materials 40 2006 1511 1575
17. F. Laoutid, L. Bonnaud, M. Alexandre, J.M. LopezCuesta, and P. Dubois New prospects in flame retardant polymer materials: from fundamentals to nanocomposites Materials Science and Engineering: R 63 2009 100 125
18. Okada A, Fukushima Y, Kawasumi M, Inagaki S, Usuki A, Sugiyama S, Toshio K, Osami K. Composite material and process for manufacturing same. US 4739007; 1988.
19. A.P. Kumar, D. Depan, N. Singh Tomer, and R.P. Singh Nanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilization - trends and future perspectives Progress in Polymer Science 34 2009 479 515
20. N. Herron, and D.L. Thorn Nanoparticles: uses and relationships to molecular cluster compounds Advanced Materials 10 1998 1173 1184
21. B. Chen, J.R.G. Evans, H.C. Greenwell, P. Boulet, P.V. Coveney, A.A. Bowden, and A. Whiting A critical appraisal of polymer-clay nanocomposites Chemical Society Reviews 37 2008 568 594
22. S. Pavlidou, and C.D. Papaspyrides A review on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites Progress in Polymer Science 33 2008 1119 1198
23. S.S. Ray, and M. Okamoto Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing Progress in Polymer Science 28 2003 1539 1641
24. L. Yu, K. Dean, and L. Li Polymer blends and composites from renewable resources Progress in Polymer Science 31 2006 576 602
25. E.P. Giannelis, R. Krishnamoorti, and E. Manias Polymer-silicate nanocomposites: model systems for confined polymers and polymer brushes Advances in Polymer Science 138 1999 107 147
26. C. Chen, and D. Curliss Processing and morphological development of montmorillonite epoxy nanocomposites Nanotechnology 14 2003 643 648
27. M. Kawasumi, N. Hasegawa, M. Kato, A. Usuki, and A. Okada Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene-clay hybrids Macromolecules 30 1997 6333 6338
28. G. Lagaly From clay mineral crystals to colloidal clay mineral dispersions H. Stechemesser, B. Dobiás, Coagulation and flocculation 2nd ed. 2005 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL 519 600
29. S. Caillère, S. Hénin, and M. Rautureau Minéralogie des argiles, Tome 2. Classification et nomenclature 2nd ed. 1982 Masson & Cie Paris 189
30. E. Eslinger, and D. Peaver Clay minerals for petroleum geologists and engineers, SEPM short course n 22 1988 Soc Economic paleontologists mineralogists Tulsa OK 405
31. V. Mittal Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites: a review Materials 2 2009 992 1057
32. O. Persenaire, J.M. Raquez, L. Bonnaud, and P. Dubois Tailoring of co-continuous polymer blend morphology: joint action of nanoclays and compatibilizers Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 211 2010 1433 1440
33. T. Maharana, B. Mohanty, and Y.S. Negi Melt-solid polycondensation of lactic acid and its biodegradability Progress in Polymer Science 34 2009 99 124
34. D. Pochan, and V. Krikorian Poly (l-lactic acid)/layered silicate nanocomposite: fabrication, characterization, and properties Chemistry of Materials 15 2003 4317 4324
35. Y. Kb, S. Hd, H. Yy, S. Kyun Noh, and Dh. Lee Modification of montmorillonite with oligomeric amine derivatives for polymer nanocomposite preparation Applied Clay Science 38 2007 1 8
36. A.J. Svagan, A. Åkesson, M. Cárdenas, S. Bulut, J.C. Knudsen, J. Risbo, and D. Plackett Transparent films based on PLA and montmorillonite with tunable oxygen barrier properties Biomacromolecules 13 2012 397 405
37. S.S. Ray, K. Yamada, M. Okamoto, and K. Ueda Polylactide-layered silicate nanocomposite: a novel biodegradable material Nano Letters 2 2002 1093 1096
38. S.S. Ray, and M. Okamoto Biodegradable polylactide and its nanocomposites: opening a new dimension for plastics and composites Macromolecular Rapid Communications 24 2003 815 840
39. D.R. Paul, and L.M. Robeson Polymer nanotechnology: nanocomposites Polymer 49 2008 3187 3204
40. S. Sinha Ray, K. Yamada, M. Okamoto, and K. Ueda New polylactide-layered silicate nanocomposites. 2. Concurrent improvements of material properties, biodegradability and melt rheology Polymer 44 2003 857 866
41. S. Bocchini, K. Fukushima, A. Di Blasio, A. Fina, A. Frache, and F. Geobaldo Polylactic acid and polylactic acid-based nanocomposite photooxidation Biomacromolecules 11 2010 2919 2926
42. S.S. Sabet, and A.A. Katbab Interfacially compatibilized poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone/organoclay nanocomposites with improved biodegradability and barrier properties: effects of the compatibilizer structural parameters and feeding route Journal of Applied Polymer Science 111 2009 1954 1963
43. S.S. Ray, P. Maiti, M. Okamoto, K. Yamada, and K. Ueda New polylactide/layered silicate nanocomposites. 1. Preparation, characterization, and properties Macromolecules 35 2002 3104 3110
44. G.X. Chen, H.S. Kim, J.H. Shim, and J.S. Yoon Role of epoxy groups on clay surface in the improvement of morphology of poly(l-lactide)/clay composites Macromolecules 38 2005 3738 3744
45. A. Hasook, H. Muramatsu, S. Tanoue, Y. Lemoto, and T. Unryu Preparation of nanocomposites by melt compounding polylactic acid/polyamide 12/organoclay at different screw rotating speeds using a twin screw extruder Polymer Composites 29 2008 1 8
46. M. Quaedflieg, S. Kemaloglu, and G. Ozkoc Production of poly(lactic acid)/organoclay nanocomposite scaffolds by microcompounding and polymer/particle leaching Polymer Composites 31 2010 674 683
47. L. Jiang, B. Liu, and J. Zhang Properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/nanoparticle ternary composites Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 48 2009 7594 7602
48. S.H. Tabatabaei, and A. Ajji Crystal structure and orientation of uniaxially and biaxially oriented PLA and PP nanoclay composite films Journal of Applied Polymer Science 124 2012 4854 4863
49. S.H. Tabatabaei, and A. Ajji Orientation, mechanical, and optical properties of poly (lactic acid) nanoclay composite films Polymer Engineering & Science 51 2011 2151 2158
50. M.A. Paul, M. Alexandre, P. Degée, C. Calberg, R. Jérôme, and P. Dubois Exfoliated polylactide/clay nanocomposites by in-situ coordination-insertion polymerization Macromolecular Rapid Communications 24 2003 561 566
51. M.A. Paul, C. Delcourt, M. Alexandre, P. Degée, F. Monteverde, A. Rulmont, and P. Dubois (Plasticized) polylactide/(organo-)clay nanocomposites by in situ intercalative polymerization Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 206 2005 484 498
52. V. Katiyar, and H. Nanavati In situ synthesis of high molecular weight poly(l-lactic acid) clay nanocomposites Polymer Engineering & Science 51 2011 2066 2077
53. V. Katiyar, and H. Nanavati High molecular weight poly (l-lactic acid) clay nanocomposites via solid-state polymerization Polymer Composites 32 2011 497 499
54. E. Duquesne, S. Moins, M. Alexandre, and P. Dubois How can nanohybrids enhance polyester/sepiolite nanocomposite properties? Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 208 2007 2542 2550
55. K. Fukushima, D. Tabuani, and G. Camino Nanocomposites of PLA and PCL based on montmorillonite and sepiolite Materials Science and Engineering: C 29 2009 1433 1441
56. A. González, A. Dasari, B. Herrero, E. Plancher, J. Santarén, A. Esteban, and S.H. Lim Fire retardancy behavior of PLA based nanocomposites Polymer Degradation and Stability 97 2012 248 256
57. M. Du, B. Guo, and D. Jia Thermal stability and flame retardant effects of halloysite nanotubes on poly(propylene) European Polymer Journal 42 2006 1362 1369
58. M. Du, B. Guo, and D. Jia Newly emerging applications of halloysite nanotubes: a review Polymer International 59 2010 574 582
59. D.C.O. Marney, L.J. Russell, D.Y. Wu, T. Nguyen, D. Cramm, N. Rigopoulos, N. Wright, and M. Greaves The suitability of halloysite nanotubes as a fire retardant for nylon 6 Polymer Degradation and Stability 93 2008 1971 1978
60. K.L.M. Prashantha, and P. Krawczak Processing and characterization of halloysite nanotubes filled polypropylene nanocomposites based on a masterbatch route: effect of halloysites treatment on structural and mechanical properties eXPRESS Polymer Letters 5 2011 295 307
61. K. Hedicke-Höchstötter, G.T. Lim, and V. Altstädt Novel polyamide nanocomposites based on silicate nanotubes of the mineral halloysite Composites Science and Technology 69 2009 330 334
62. M. Liu, B. Guo, M. Du, F. Chen, and D. Jia Halloysite nanotubes as a novel β-nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene Polymer 50 2009 3022 3030
63. M.L.P. Zhao Halloysite nanotubes/polystyrene (HNT/PS) nanocomposites via in situ bulk polymerization Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 94 2008 103 107
64. M. Liu, B. Guo, M. Du, X. Cai, and D. Jia Properties of halloysite nanotube-epoxy resin hybrids and the interfacial reactions in the systems Nanotechnology 18 2007 455703-1-9
65. S. Deng, J. Zhang, and L. Ye Halloysite-epoxy nanocomposites with improved particle dispersion through ball mill homogenisation and chemical treatments Composites Science and Technology 69 2009 2497 2505
66. S. Deng, J. Zhang, L. Ye, and J. Wu Toughening epoxies with halloysite nanotubes Polymer 49 2008 5119 5127
67. M. Murariu, A.L. Dechief, Y. Paint, S. Peeterbroeck, L. Bonnaud, and P. Dubois Polylactide (PLA)-halloysite nanocomposites: production, morphology and key-properties Journal of Polymers and the Environment 20 2012 932 943
68. R.H. Atalla The individual structures of native celluloses Lenzinger Berichte 79 2000 5 14
69. R.H. Atalla, J.W. Brady, J.F. Matthews, S.-Y. Ding, and M.E. Himmel Structures of plant cell wall celluloses M.E. Himmel, Biomass recalcitrance: deconstructing the plant cell wall for bioenergy 2008 Blackwell Publishing London 95 187
70. A.D. French, N.R. Bertoniere, R.M. Brown, H. Chanzy, D. Gray, K. Hattori, and W. Glasser Cellulose A. Seidel, Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chem technology 5th ed. 2004 John Wiley Sons Inc. New Jersey 360 394
71. R.M.J. Brown The biosynthesis of cellulose Journal of Macromolecular Science: Pure and Applied Chemistry A33 1996 1345 1373
72. R.M.J. Brown Cellulose structure and biosynthesis: what is in store for the 21st century? Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42 2004 487 495
73. S.P. Rowland, and E.J. Roberts The nature of accessible surfaces in the microstructure of cotton cellulose Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 10 1972 2447 2461
74. J. Araki, M. Wada, S. Kuga, and T. Okano Flow properties of microcrystalline cellulose suspension prepared by acid treatment of native cellulose Colloids and Surfaces A 142 1998 75 82
75. M. Roman, and W.T. Winter Effect of sulfate groups from sulfuric acid hydrolysis on the thermal degradation behavior of bacterial cellulose Biomacromolecules 5 2004 1671 1677
76. A. Turbak, F. Snyder, and K. Sandberg Microfibrillated cellulose: a new cellulose product: properties, uses, and commercial potential Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Applied Polymer Symposium 37 1983 815 827
77. T. Saito, Y. Nishiyama, J. Putaux, M.R. Vignon, and A. Isogai Homogeneous suspensions of individualized microfibrils from TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation of native cellulose Biomacromolecules 7 2006 1687 1691
78. T. Saito, S. Kimura, Y. Nishiyama, and A. Isogai Cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of native cellulose Biomacromolecules 8 2007 2485 2491
79. H. Fukuzumi, T. Saito, T. Iwata, Y. Kumamoto, and A. Isogai Transparent and high gas barrier films of cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation Biomacromolecules 10 2008 162 165
80. C. Aulin, I. Varga, P.M. Claesson, L. Wågberg, and T. Lindström Buildup of polyelectrolyte multilayers of polyethyleneimine and microfibrillated cellulose studied by in situ dual-polarization interferometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation Langmuir 24 2008 2509 2518
81. L. Wagberg, G. Decher, M. Norgren, T. Lindstrom, M. Ankerfors, and K. Axnas The build-up of polyelectrolyte multilayers of microfibrillated cellulose and cationic polyelectrolytes Langmuir 24 2008 784 795
82. M. Pääkkö, M. Ankerfors, H. Kosonen, A. Nykänen, S. Ahola, M. Österberg, J. Ruokolainen, J. Laine, P.T. Larsson, O. Ikkala, and T. Lindström Enzymatic hydrolysis combined with mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogenization for nanoscale cellulose fibrils and strong gels Biomacromolecules 8 2007 1934 1941
83. M. Henriksson, G. Henriksson, L.A. Berglund, and T. Lindström An environmentally friendly method for enzyme-assisted preparation of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) nanofibers European Polymer Journal 43 2007 3434 3441
84. E. Dinand, H. Chanzy, and M.R. Vignon Parenchymal cell cellulose from sugar beet pulp: preparation and properties Cellulose 3 1996 183 188
85. E. Dinand, H. Chanzy, and R. Vignon Suspensions of cellulose microfibrils from sugar beet pulp Food Hydrocolloids 13 1999 275 283
86. A. Dufresne, and M.R. Vignon Improvement of starch film performances using cellulose microfibrils Macromolecules 31 1998 2693 2696
87. R. Zuluaga, J.L. Putaux, J. Cruz, J. Vélez, I. Mondragon, and P. Gañán Cellulose microfibrils from banana rachis: effect of alkaline treatments on structural and morphological features Carbohydrate Polymers 76 2009 51 59
88. M.E. Malainine, M. Mahrouz, and A. Dufresne Thermoplastic nanocomposites based on cellulose microfibrils from Opuntia ficus-indica parenchyma cell Composites Science and Technology 65 2005 1520 1526
89. Y. Habibi, M. Mahrouz, and M. Vignon Microfibrillated cellulose from the peel of prickly pear fruits Food Chemistry 115 2009 423 429
90. P. Gatenholm, and D. Klemm Bacterial nanocellulose as a renewable material for biomedical applications MRS Bulletin 35 2010 208 213
91. N. Ausmees, H. Jonsson, S. Höglund, H. Ljunggren, and M. Lindberg Structural and putative regulatory genes involved in cellulose synthesis in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii Microbiology 145 1999 1253 1262
92. M.H. Deinema, and L.P.T.M. Zevenhuizen Formation of cellulose fibrils by gram-negative bacteria and their role in bacterial flocculation Archives of Microbiology 78 1971 42 57
93. A. Matthysse, S. White, and R. Lightfoot Genes required for cellulose synthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens Journal of Bacteriology 177 1995 1069 1075
94. C. Napoli, F. Dazzo, and D. Hubbell Production of cellulose microfibrils by rhizobium Applied Microbiology 30 1975 123 131
95. D.R. Nobles, D.K. Romanovicz, and R.M. Brown Cellulose in cyanobacteria, origin of vascular plant cellulose synthase? Plant Physiology 127 2001 529 542
96. P. Ross, R. Mayer, and M. Benziman Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 55 1991 35 58
97. X. Zogaj, M. Nimtz, M. Rohde, W. Bokranz, and U. Römling The multicellular morphotypes of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli produce cellulose as the second component of the extracellular matrix Molecular Microbiology 39 2001 1452 1463
98. A.N. Nakagaito, S. Iwamoto, and H. Yano Bacterial cellulose: the ultimate nano-scalar cellulose morphology for the production of high-strength composites Applied Physics A 80 2005 93 97
99. S. Elazzouzi-Hafraoui, Y. Nishiyama, J.L. Putaux, L. Heux, F. Dubreuil, and C. Rochas The shape and size distribution of crystalline nanoparticles prepared by acid hydrolysis of native cellulose Biomacromolecules 9 2008 57 65
100. Y. Habibi, A.L. Goffin, N. Schiltz, E. Duquesne, P. Dubois, and A. Dufresne Bionanocomposites based on poly(É-caprolactone)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals by ring opening polymerization Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 2008 5002 5010
101. N.L. Garcia de Rodriguez, W. Thielemans, and A. Dufresne Sisal cellulose whiskers reinforced polyvinyl acetate nanocomposites Cellulose 13 2006 261 270
102. S.J. Hanley, J. Giasson, J.F. Revol, and D.G. Gray Atomic force microscopy of cellulose microfibrils - comparison with transmission electron-microscopy Polymer 33 1992 4639 4642
103. J.F. Revol On the cross-sectional shape of cellulose crystallites in Valonia ventricosa Carbohydrate Polymers 2 1982 123 134
104. C. Tokoh, K. Takabe, M. Fujita, and H. Saiki Cellulose synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum in the presence of acetyl glucomannan Cellulose 5 1998 249 261
105. M. Grunnert, and W.T. Winter Nanocomposites of cellulose acetate butyrate reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals Journal of Polymers and the Environment 10 2002 27 30
106. J. Araki, M. Wada, S. Kuga, and T. Okano Birefringent glassy phase of a cellulose microcrystal suspension Langmuir 16 2000 2413 2415
107. X.M. Dong, J.F. Revol, and D.G. Gray Effect of microcrystallite preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose Cellulose 5 1998 19 32
108. T. Ebeling, M. Paillet, R. Borsali, O. Diat, A. Dufresne, J.Y. Cavaillé, and H. Chanzy Shear-induced orientation phenomena in suspensions of cellulose microcrystals. Revealed by small angle X-ray scattering Langmuir 15 1999 6123 6126
109. D. Fengel, and G. Wegener Wood, chemistry, ultrastucture, reactions 1983 Walter de Gruyter New York 613
110. P. Podsiadlo, S.Y. Choi, B. Shim, J. Lee, M. Cuddihy, and N.A. Kotov Molecularly engineered nanocomposites: layer-by-layer assembly of cellulose nanocrystals Biomacromolecules 6 2005 2914 2918
111. I. Kvien, B.S. Tanem, and K. Oksman Characterization of cellulose whiskers and their nanocomposites by atomic force and electron microscopy Biomacromolecules 6 2005 3160 3165
112. Y. Habibi, L. Foulon, V. Aguié-Béghin, M. Molinari, and R. Douillard Langmuir-Blodgett films of cellulose nanocrystals: preparation and characterization Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 316 2007 388 397
113. Y. Habibi, L.A. Lucia, and O.J. Rojas Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications Chemical Reviews 110 2010 3479 3500
114. V. Favier, G.R. Canova, J.Y. Cavaille, H. Chanzy, A. Dufreshne, and C. Gauthier Nanocomposite materials from latex and cellulose whiskers Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 1995 351 355
115. K. Spence, Y. Habibi, and A. Dufresne Nanocellulose-based composites S. Kalia, B.S. Kaith, I. Kaur, Cellulose fibers: bio- and nano-polymer composites 2011 Springer Berlin/Heidelberg 179 213
116. J. Araki, M. Wada, S. Kuga, and T. Okano Influence of surface charge on viscosity behavior of cellulose microcrystal suspension Journal of Wood Science 45 1999 258 261
117. S. Beck-Candanedo, M. Roman, and D.G. Gray Effect of reaction conditions on the properties and behavior of wood cellulose nanocrystal suspensions Biomacromolecules 6 2005 1048 1054
118. V. Favier, H. Chanzy, and J.Y. Cavaille Polymer nanocomposites reinforced by cellulose whiskers Macromolecules 28 1995 6365 6367
119. S.J. Eichhorn Cellulose nanowhiskers: promising materials for advanced applications Soft Matter 7 2011 303 315
120. R.M. Jones Mechanics of composite materials 2nd ed. 1998 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL 538
121. M.F. Yu, O. Lourie, M.J. Dyer, K. Moloni, T.F. Kelly, and R.S. Ruoff Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load Science 287 2000 637 640
122. A. Chakraborty, M. Sain, and M. Kortschot Cellulose microfibrils: a novel method of preparation using high shear refining and cryocrushing Holzforschung 59 2005 102 107
123. K. Oksman, A.P. Mathew, D. Bondeson, and I. Kvien Manufacturing process of cellulose whiskers/polylactic acid nanocomposites Composites Science and Technology 66 2006 2776 2784
124. D. Bondeson, and K. Oksman Polylactic acid/cellulose whisker nanocomposites modified by polyvinyl alcohol Composites Part A 38 2007 2486 2492
125. D. Bondeson, and K. Oksman Dispersion and characteristics of surfactant modified cellulose whiskers nanocomposites Composite Interfaces 14 2007 617 630
126. L. Petersson, I. Kvien, and K. Oksman Structure and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose whiskers nanocomposite materials Composites Science and Technology 67 2007 2535 2544
127. E. Fortunati, I. Armentano, Q. Zhou, A. Iannoni, E. Saino, L. Visai, L.A. Berglund, and J.M. Kenny Multifunctional bionanocomposite films of poly(lactic acid), cellulose nanocrystals and silver nanoparticles Carbohydrate Polymers 87 2012 1596 1605
128. D.Y. Liu, X.W. Yuan, D. Bhattacharyya, and A.J. Easteal Characterisation of solution cast cellulose nanofibre - reinforced poly(lactic acid) eXPRESS Polymer Letters 4 2010 26 31
129. M. Sanchez-Garcia, and J. Lagaron On the use of plant cellulose nanowhiskers to enhance the barrier properties of polylactic acid Cellulose 17 2010 987 1004
130. K. Hossain, I. Ahmed, A. Parsons, C. Scotchford, G. Walker, W. Thielemans, and C.D. Rudd Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of nanocomposites prepared using cellulose nanowhiskers and poly(lactic acid) Journal of Materials Science 47 2012 2675 2686
131. E. Luiz de Paula, V. Mano, and F.V. Pereira Influence of cellulose nanowhiskers on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of poly(d,l-lactide) Polymer Degradation and Stability 96 2011 1631 1638
132. M. Jonoobi, J. Harun, A.P. Mathew, and K. Oksman Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion Composites Science and Technology 70 2010 1742 1747
133. A. Iwatake, M. Nogi, and H. Yano Cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polylactic acid Composites Science and Technology 68 2008 2103 2106
134. L. Suryanegara, A.N. Nakagaito, and H. Yano The effect of crystallization of PLA on the thermal and mechanical properties of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced PLA composites Composites Science and Technology 69 2009 1187 1192
135. L. Suryanegara, A. Nakagaito, and H. Yano Thermo-mechanical properties of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced partially crystallized PLA composites Cellulose 17 2010 771 778
136. L. Suryanegara, H. Okumura, A. Nakagaito, and H. Yano The synergetic effect of phenylphosphonic acid zinc and microfibrillated cellulose on the injection molding cycle time of PLA composites Cellulose 18 2011 689 698
137. A.N. Nakagaito, A. Fujimura, T. Sakai, Y. Hama, and H. Yano Production of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites from sheets obtained by a papermaking-like process Composites Science and Technology 69 2009 1293 1297
138. K. Larsson, L.A. Berglund, M. Ankerfors, and T. Lindström Polylactide latex/nanofibrillated cellulose bionanocomposites of high nanofibrillated cellulose content and nanopaper network structure prepared by a papermaking route Journal of Applied Polymer Science 125 2012 2460 2466
139. C.I.R. Boissard, P.E. Bourban, P. Tingaut, T. Zimmermann, and J.A.E. Månson Water of functionalized microfibrillated cellulose as foaming agent for the elaboration of poly(lactic acid) biocomposites Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 30 2011 709 719
140. C. Xiang, Y.L. Joo, and M.W. Frey Nanocomposite fibers electrospun from poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanocrystals Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 3 2009 147 155
141. D. Liu, X. Yuan, and D. Bhattacharyya The effects of cellulose nanowhiskers on electrospun poly (lactic acid) nanofibres Journal of Materials Science 47 2012 3159 3165
142. K.Y. Lee, J.J. Blaker, and A. Bismarck Surface functionalisation of bacterial cellulose as the route to produce green polylactide nanocomposites with improved properties Composites Science and Technology 69 2009 2724 2733
143. L.C. Tome, R.J.B. Pinto, E. Trovatti, C.S.R. Freire, A.J.D. Silvestre, C.P. Neto, and A. Gandini Transparent bionanocomposites with improved properties prepared from acetylated bacterial cellulose and poly(lactic acid) through a simple approach Green Chemistry 13 2011 419 427
144. P. Tingaut, T. Zimmermann, and F. Lopez-Suevos Synthesis and characterization of bionanocomposites with tunable properties from poly(lactic acid) and acetylated microfibrillated cellulose Biomacromolecules 11 2009 454 464
145. N. Lin, J. Huang, P.R. Chang, J. Feng, and J. Yu Surface acetylation of cellulose nanocrystal and its reinforcing function in poly(lactic acid) Carbohydrate Polymers 83 2011 1834 1842
146. Z.Q. Li, X.D. Zhou, and C.H. Pei Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose/polylactide nanocomposites Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 49 2010 141 146
147. A. Pei, Q. Zhou, and L.A. Berglund Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as biobased nucleation agents in poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) - crystallization and mechanical property effects Composites Science and Technology 70 2010 815 821
148. A.N. Frone, S. Berlioz, J.F. Chailan, D.M. Panaitescu, and D. Donescu Cellulose fiber-reinforced polylactic acid Polymer Composites 32 2011 976 985
149. J.M. Raquez, Y. Murena, A.L. Goffin, Y. Habibi, B. Ruelle, F. DeBuyl, and P. Dubois Surface-modification of cellulose nanowhiskers and their use as nanoreinforcers into polylactide: a sustainably-integrated approach Composites Science and Technology 72 2012 544 549
150. Z.Q. Li, X.D. Zhou, and C.H. Pei Synthesis of PLA-co-PGMA copolymer and its application in the surface modification of bacterial cellulose International Journal of Polymeric Materials 59 2010 725 737
151. N. Lin, G. Chen, J. Huang, A. Dufresne, and P.R. Chang Effects of polymer-grafted natural nanocrystals on the structure and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid): a case of cellulose whisker-graft-polycaprolactone Journal of Applied Polymer Science 113 2009 3417 3425
152. A.L. Goffin, J.M. Raquez, E. Duquesne, G. Siqueira, Y. Habibi, A. Dufresne, G. Siqueira, Y. Habibi, A. Dufresne, and P. Dubois From interfacial ring-opening polymerization to melt processing of cellulose nanowhisker-filled polylactide-based nanocomposites Biomacromolecules 12 2011 2456 2465
153. Z. Spitalsky, D. Tasis, K. Papagelis, and C. Galiotis Carbon nanotube-polymer composites: chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties Progress in Polymer Science 35 2010 357 401
154. D.C. Wei, and Y.Q. Liu The intramolecular junctions of carbon nanotubes Advanced Materials 20 2008 2815 2841
155. Y. Saito, and S. Uemura Field emission from carbon nanotubes and its application to electron sources Carbon 38 2000 169 182
156. R.H. Baughman, A.A. Zakhidov, and W.A. de Heer Carbon nanotubes: the route toward applications Science 297 2002 787 792
157. D.S. Bethune, C.H. Klang, M.S. de Vries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez, and R. Beyers Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls Nature 363 1993 605 607
158. M. Endo, K. Takeuchi, K. Kobori, K. Takahashi, H.W. Kroto, and A. Sarkar Pyrolytic carbon nanotubes from vapor-grown carbon fibers Carbon 33 1995 873 881
159. V. Ivanov, A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, A. Lucas, P. Lambin, D. Bernaerts, and X.B. Zhang Catalytic production and purification of nanotubules having fullerene-scale diameters Carbon 33 1995 1727 1738
160. E. Dujardin, T.W. Ebbesen, H. Hiura, and K. Tanigaki Capillarity and wetting of carbon nanotubes Science 265 1994 1850 1852
161. M. Monthioux Filling single-wall carbon nanotubes Carbon 40 2002 1809 1823
162. A. Hirsch Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes Angewandte Chemie International Edition 41 2002 1853 1859
163. H. Hu, P. Bhowmik, B. Zhao, M.A. Hamon, M.E. Itkis, and R.C. Haddon Determination of the acidic sites of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes by acid-base titration Chemical Physics Letters 345 2001 25 28
164. J. Chen, M.A. Hamon, H. Hu, Y. Chen, A.M. Rao, P.C. Eklund, and R.C. Haddon Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes Science 282 1998 95 98
165. J.F. Colomer, B. Ruelle, N. Moreau, S. Lucas, R. Snyders, T. Godfroid, C. Navio, and C. Bittencourt Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: synthesis and atomic oxygen functionalization Surface and Coatings Technology 205 Suppl. 2 2011 S592 S596
166. B. Ruelle, A. Felten, J. Ghijsen, W. Drube, R.L. Johnson, D. Liang, R. Erni, G. Van Tendeloo, S. Peeterbroeck, P. Dubois, T. Godfroid, M. Hecq, and C. Bittencourt Functionalization of MWCNTs with atomic nitrogen Micron 40 2009 85 88
167. F.H. Gojny, J. Nastalczyk, Z. Roslaniec, and K. Schulte Surface modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes in CNT/epoxy composites Chemical Physics Letters 370 2003 820 824
168. T. Ramanathan, F.T. Fischer, R.S. Ruoff, and L.C. Brinson Amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes for binding to polymers and biological systems Chemistry of Materials 17 2005 1290 1295
169. K. Chrissafis Detail kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of PLA with oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes Thermochimica Acta 511 2010 163 167
170. K. Chrissafis, K.M. Paraskevopoulos, A. Jannakoudakis, T. Beslikas, and D. Bikiaris Oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as effective reinforcement and thermal stability agents of poly(lactic acid) ligaments Journal of Applied Polymer Science 118 2010 2712 2721
171. W.M. Chiu, Y.A. Chang, H.Y. Kuo, M.H. Lin, and H.C. Wen A study of carbon nanotubes/biodegradable plastic polylactic acid composites Journal of Applied Polymer Science 108 2008 3024 3030
172. J. Ramontja, S.S. Ray, S.K. Pillai, and A.S. Luyt High-performance carbon nanotube-reinforced bioplastic Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 294 2009 839 846
173. T. Villmow, P. Poetschke, S. Pegel, L. Haeussler, and B. Kretzschmar Influence of twin-screw extrusion conditions on the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a poly(lactic acid) matrix Polymer 49 2008 3500 3509
174. N.G. Sahoo, S. Rana, J.W. Cho, L. Li, and S.H. Chan Polymer nanocomposites based on functionalized carbon nanotubes Progress in Polymer Science 35 2010 837 867
175. M.J. Sobkowicz, R. Sosa, and J.R. Dorgan Supramolecular bionanocomposites. Part 2: Effects of carbon nanoparticle surface functionality on polylactide crystallization Journal of Applied Polymer Science 121 2011 2029 2038
176. D. Wu, L. Wu, M. Zhang, and Y. Zhao Viscoelasticity and thermal stability of polylactide composites with various functionalized carbon nanotubes Polymer Degradation and Stability 93 2008 1577 1584
177. D. Wu, L. Wu, W. Zhou, M. Zhang, and T. Yang Crystallization and biodegradation of polylactide/carbon nanotube composites Polymer Engineering & Science 50 2010 1721 1733
178. D. Wu, L. Wu, W. Zhou, Y. Sun, and M. Zhang Relations between the aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes and the formation of percolation networks in biodegradable polylactide/carbon nanotube composites Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 48 2010 479 489
179. J.T. Yoon, S.C. Lee, and Y.G. Jeong Effects of grafted chain length on mechanical and electrical properties of nanocomposites containing polylactide-grafted carbon nanotubes Composites Science and Technology 70 2010 776 782
180. C.F. Kuan, C.H. Chen, H.C. Kuan, K.C. Lin, C.L. Chiang, and H.C. Peng Multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced poly (l-lactic acid) nanocomposites enhanced by water-crosslinking reaction Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 69 2008 1399 1402
181. C.S. Wu, and H.T. Liao Study on the preparation and characterization of biodegradable polylactide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites Polymer 48 2007 4449 4458
182. G.X. Chen, H.S. Kim, B.H. Park, and J.S. Yoon Controlled functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with various molecular-weight poly(l-lactic acid) Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109 2005 22237 22243
183. Z. Xu, Y. Niu, L. Yang, W. Xie, H. Li, Z. Gan, and Z. Wang Morphology, rheology and crystallization behavior of polylactide composites prepared through addition of five-armed star polylactide grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes Polymer 51 2010 730 737
184. C.F. Kuan, H.C. Kuan, C.C.M. Ma, and C.H. Chen Mechanical and electrical properties of multi-wall carbon nanotube/poly(lactic acid) composites Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 69 2008 1395 1398
185. W. Song, Z. Zheng, W. Tang, and X. Wang A facile approach to covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes with biocompatible polymer Polymer 48 2007 3658 3663
186. W. Song, Z. Zheng, H. Lu, and X. Wang Incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes into biodegradable telechelic prepolymers Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 209 2008 315 321
187. J.T. Yoon, Y.G. Jeong, S.C. Lee, and B.G. Min Influences of poly(lactic acid)-grafted carbon nanotube on thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of poly(lactic acid) Polymers for Advanced Technologies 20 2009 631 638
188. D. Priftis, N. Petzetakis, G. Sakellariou, M. Pitsikalis, D. Baskaran, J.W. Mays, and N. Hadjichristidis Surface-initiated titanium-mediated coordination polymerization from catalyst-functionalized single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes Macromolecules 42 2009 3340 3346
189. D. Priftis, G. Sakellariou, D. Baskaran, J.W. Mays, and N. Hadjichristidis Polymer grafted Janus multi-walled carbon nanotubes Soft Matter 5 2009 4272 4278
190. J.G. Ma, X. Cheng, X.W. Ma, S. Deng, and A.G. Hu Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyesters via bergman cyclization and "grafting from" strategy Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 48 2010 5541 5548
191. F. Meyer, J.M. Raquez, O. Coulembier, J. De Winter, P. Gerbaux, and P. Dubois Imidazolium end-functionalized poly(l-lactide) for efficient carbon nanotube dispersion Chemical Communications 46 2010 5527 5529
192. T. Biedron, L. Pietrzak, and P. Kubisa Ionic liquid functionalized polylactide by cationic polymerization: synthesis and stabilization of carbon nanotube suspensions Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 49 2011 5239 5244
193. E. Manfredi, F. Meyer, P. Verge, J.M. Raquez, J.M. Thomassin, M. Alexandre, B. Dervaux, F. Du Prez, P. Van Der Voort, C. Jerome, and P. Dubois Supramolecular design of high-performance poly(l-lactide)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: from melt-processing to rheological, morphological and electrical properties Journal of Materials Chemistry 21 2011 16190 16196
194. F. Meyer, J.M. Raquez, P. Verge, I.M. de Arenaza, B. Coto, P. Van Der Voort, E. Meaurio, B. Dervaux, J.R. Sarasua, F. Du Prez, and P. Dubois Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(l-lactide) diblock copolymer/carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites: LiCl as supramolecular structure-directing agent Biomacromolecules 12 2011 4086 4094
195. L.P. Yang, and C.Y. Pan A non-covalent method to functionalize multi-walled carbon nanotubes using six-armed star poly(l-lactic acid) with a triphenylene core Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 209 2008 783 793
196. D. Wu, D. Lin, J. Zhang, W. Zhou, M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, D. Wang, and B. Lin Selective localization of nanofillers: effect on morphology and crystallization of PLA/PCL blends Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 212 2011 613 626
197. P. Poetschke, T. Andres, T. Villmow, S. Pegel, H. Bruenig, K. Kobashi, D. Fischer, and L. Haüssler Liquid sensing properties of fibres prepared by melt spinning from poly(lactic acid) containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes Composites Science and Technology 70 2010 343 349
198. S.D. McCullen, K.L. Stano, D.R. Stevens, W.A. Roberts, N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, L.I. Clarke, and R.E. Gorga Development, optimization, and characterization of electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibers containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105 2007 1668 1678
199. D. Wu, Y. Zhang, M. Zhang, and W. Yu Selective localization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in poly(É-caprolactone)/polylactide blend Biomacromolecules 10 2009 417 424
200. I. Kelnar, J. Rotrekl, J. Kotek, L. Kaprálková, and J. Hromádková Effect of montmorillonite on structure and properties of nanocomposite with PA6/PS/elastomer matrix European Polymer Journal 45 2009 2760 2766
201. E. Laredo, M. Grimau, A. Bello, D.F. Wu, Y.S. Zhang, and D.P. Lin AC conductivity of selectively located carbon nanotubes in poly(É- caprolactone)/polylactide blend nanocomposites Biomacromolecules 11 2010 1339 1347
202. B. Kumar, M. Castro, and J.F. Feller Poly(lactic acid)-multi-wall carbon nanotube conductive biopolymer nanocomposite vapour sensors Sensors and Actuators B 161 2012 621 628
203. K. Kobashi, T. Villmow, T. Andres, and P. Poetschke Liquid sensing of melt-processed poly(lactic acid)/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite films Sensors and Actuators B 134 2008 787 795
204. R. Rentenberger, A. Cayla, T. Villmow, D. Jehnichen, C. Campagne, M. Rochery, E. Devaux, and P. Pötschke Multifilament fibres of poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/poly(lactic acid) blends with multiwalled carbon nanotubes as sensor materials for ethyl acetate and acetone Sensors and Actuators B 160 2011 22 31
205. H. Bai, C. Li, and G. Shi Functional composite materials based on chemically converted graphene Advanced Materials 23 2011 1089 1115
206. X. Huang, Z. Yin, S. Wu, X. Qi, Q. He, Q. Zhang, Q. Yan, F. Boey, and H. Zhang Graphene-based materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications Small 7 2011 1876 1902
207. D. Li, B. Muller, S. Gilje, R.B. Kaner, and G.G. Wallace Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets Nature Nanotechnology 3 2007 101 105
208. W. Gao, L.B. Alemany, L. Ci, and P.M. Ajayan New insights into the structure and reduction of graphite oxide Nature Chemistry 1 2009 403 408
209. Y. Xu, Z. Liu, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Tian, Y. Huang, Y. Ma, X. Zhang, and Y. Chen A graphene hybrid material covalently functionalized with porphyrin: synthesis and optical limiting Property Advanced Materials 21 2009 1275 1279
210. I.H. Kim, and Y.G. Jeong Polylactide/exfoliated graphite nanocomposites with enhanced thermal stability, mechanical modulus, and electrical conductivity Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 48 2010 850 858
211. M. Murariu, A.L. Dechief, L. Bonnaud, Y. Paint, A. Gallos, G. Fontaine, S. Bourbigot, and P. Dubois The production and properties of polylactide composites filled with expanded graphite Polymer Degradation and Stability 95 2010 889 900
212. Y.W. Cao, J.C. Feng, and P.Y. Wu Preparation of organically dispersible graphene nanosheet powders through a lyophilization method and their poly(lactic acid) composites Carbon 48 2010 3834 3839
213. H.S. Wang, and Z.B. Qiu Crystallization kinetics and morphology of biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid)/graphene oxide nanocomposites: influences of graphene oxide loading and crystallization temperature Thermochimica Acta 527 2012 40 46
214. J.Z. Xu, T. Chen, C.L. Yang, Z.M. Li, Y.M. Mao, B.Q. Zeng, and B.S. Hsiao Isothermal crystallization of poly(l-lactide) induced by graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes: a comparative study Macromolecules 43 2010 5000 5008
215. F. Hassouna, A. Laachachi, D. Chapron, Y. El Mouedden, V. Toniazzo, and D. Ruch Development of new approach based on Raman spectroscopy to study the dispersion of expanded graphite in poly(lactide) Polymer Degradation and Stability 96 2011 2040 2047
216. X. Wang, L. Song, H.Y. Yang, W.Y. Xing, H.D. Lu, and Y. Hu Cobalt oxide/graphene composite for highly efficient CO oxidation and its application in reducing the fire hazards of aliphatic polyesters Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 2012 3426 3431
217. X. Xie, Y. Li, Z.Q. Liu, M. Haruta, and W. Shen Low-temperature oxidation of CO catalysed by Co3O4 nanorods Nature 458 2009 746 749
218. V.K. Sharma, R.A. Yngard, and Y. Lin Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 145 2009 83 96
219. T.M. Tolaymat, A.M. El Badawy, A. Genaidy, K.G. Scheckel, T.P. Luxton, and M. Suidan An evidence-based environmental perspective of manufactured silver nanoparticle in syntheses and applications: a systematic review and critical appraisal of peer-reviewed scientific papers Science of the Total Environment 408 2010 999 1006
220. E. Stefanescu, C. Daranga, and C. Stefanescu Insight into the broad field of polymer nanocomposites: from carbon nanotubes to clay nanoplatelets, via metal nanoparticles Materials 2 2009 2095 2153
221. T. Hanemann, and D.V. Szabó Polymer-nanoparticle composites: from synthesis to modern applications Materials 3 2010 3468 3517
222. R. Kumar, and H. Münstedt Silver ion release from antimicrobial polyamide/silver composites Biomaterials 26 2005 2081 2088
223. S.Y. Yeo, H.J. Lee, and S.H. Jeong Preparation of nanocomposite fibers for permanent antibacterial effect Journal of Materials Science 38 2003 2143 2147
224. L. Moloney Specifying silver antimicrobials for medical devices Compound World February 2012 33 36
225. C. Damm, H. Münstedt, and A. Rösch Long-term antimicrobial polyamide 6/silver-nanocomposites Journal of Materials Science 42 2007 6067 6073
226. P. Dallas, V.K. Sharma, and R. Zboril Silver polymeric nanocomposites as advanced antimicrobial agents: classification, synthetic paths, applications, and perspectives Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 166 2011 119 135
227. C. Manz, L. Williams, R. Mohseni, E. Zlotnikov, and A. Vasiliev Dispersibility of organically coated silver nanoparticles in organic media Colloids and Surfaces A 385 2011 201 205
228. S. Kamyar, M. Bin Ahmad, W.M.Z.W. Yunus, N.A. Ibrahim, M. Jokar, and M. Darroudi Silver/poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites: preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity International Journal of Nanomedicine 5 2010 573 579
229. X. Xu, Q. Yang, Y. Wang, H. Yu, X. Chen, and X. Jing Biodegradable electrospun poly(l-lactide) fibers containing antibacterial silver nanoparticles European Polymer Journal 42 2006 2081 2087
230. M.S. Gaur, P.K. Singh, and R.S. Chauhan Optical and thermo electrical properties of ZnO nano particle filled polystyrene Journal of Applied Polymer Science 118 2010 2833 2840
231. H. Zhao, and R.K.Y. Li A study on the photo-degradation of zinc oxide (ZnO) filled polypropylene nanocomposites Polymer 47 2006 3207 3217
232. M. Agrawal, S. Gupta, N.E. Zafeiropoulos, U. Oertel, R. Häßler, and M. Stamm Nano-level mixing of ZnO into poly(methyl methacrylate) Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 211 2010 1925 1932
233. H. Abe, N. Takahashi, K.J. Kim, M. Mochizuki, and Y. Doi Thermal degradation processes of end-capped poly(l-lactide)s in the presence and absence of residual zinc catalyst Biomacromolecules 5 2004 1606 1614
234. M. Murariu, A. Doumbia, L. Bonnaud, A.L. Dechief, Y. Paint, M. Ferreira, C. Campagne, E. Devaux, and P. Dubois High-performance polylactide/ZnO nanocomposites designed for films and fibers with special end-use properties Biomacromolecules 12 2011 1762 1771
235. 2 nanoparticle nanocomposite films with high transparency and efficient photodegradability Polymer Degradation and Stability 92 2007 1255 1264
236. B. Meng, J. Tao, J. Deng, Z. Wu, and M. Yang Toughening of polylactide with higher loading of nano-titania particles coated by poly(É- caprolactone) Materials Letters 65 2011 729 732
237. R. Liao, B. Yang, W. Yu, and C. Zhou Isothermal cold crystallization kinetics of polylactide/nucleating agents Journal of Applied Polymer Science 104 2007 310 317
238. C. Chen, G. Lv, C. Pan, M. Song, C. Wu, D. Guo, X. Wang, B. Chen, and Z. Gu Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based nanocomposites - a novel way of drug-releasing Biomedical Materials 2 2007 L1 L4
239. Y.B. Luo, W.D. Li, X.L. Wang, D.Y. Xu, and Y.Z. Wang Preparation and properties of nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and functionalized TiO(2) Acta Materialia 57 2009 3182 3191
240. 2 nanowires by in situ polymerization Polymer 52 2011 2367 2375
241. M.F. Chiang, and T.M. Wu Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable poly(l-lactide)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites Composites Science and Technology 70 2010 110 115
242. M. Herrero, S. MartínezGallegos, F.M. Labajos, and V. Rives Layered double hydroxide/polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites, Influence of the intercalated LDH anion and the type of polymerization heating method Journal of Solid State Chemistry 184 2011 2862 2869
243. Q. Baojun, and Q. Longzhen Polymer/layered double hydroxide flame retardant nanocomposites V. Mittal, Thermally stable flame retardant polymer nanocomposites 2011 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 332 359
244. C. Manzi-Nshuti, P. Songtipya, E. Manias, M.M. Jimenez-Gasco, J.M. Hossenlopp, and C.A. Wilkie Polymer nanocomposites using zinc aluminum and magnesium aluminum oleate layered double hydroxides: effects of LDH divalent metals on dispersion, thermal, mechanical and fire performance in various polymers Polymer 50 2009 3564 3574
245. S. Lv, W. Zhou, H. Miao, and W. Shi Preparation and properties of polymer/LDH nanocomposite used for UV curing coatings Progress in Organic Coatings 65 2009 450 456
246. K.L. Dagnon, S. Ambadapadi, A. Shaito, S.M. Ogbomo, V. DeLeon, T.D. Golden, M. Rahimi, K. Nguyen, P.S. Braterman, and N.A. D'Souza Poly(l-lactic acid) nanocomposites with layered double hydroxides functionalized with ibuprofen Journal of Applied Polymer Science 113 2009 1905 1915
247. J.U. Ha, and M. Xanthos Novel modifiers for layered double hydroxides and their effects on the properties of polylactic acid composites Applied Clay Science 47 2010 303 310
248. V. Katiyar, N. Gerds, C.B. Koch, J. Risbo, H.C.B. Hansen, and D. Plackett Poly l-lactide-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites via in situ polymerization of l-lactide Polymer Degradation and Stability 95 2010 2563 2573
249. V. Katiyar, N. Gerds, C.B. Koch, J. Risbo, H.C.B. Hansen, and D. Plackett Melt processing of poly(l-lactic acid) in the presence of organomodified anionic or cationic clays Journal of Applied Polymer Science 122 2011 112 125
250. D.Y. Wang, A. Leuteritz, Y.Z. Wang, U. Wagenknecht, and G. Heinrich Preparation and burning behaviors of flame retarding biodegradable poly(lactic acid) nanocomposite based on zinc aluminum layered double hydroxide Polymer Degradation and Stability 95 2010 2474 2480
251. N. Zhao, S. Shi, G. Lu, and M. Wei Polylactide (PLA)/layered double hydroxides composite fibers by electrospinning method Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 69 2008 1564 1568
252. T.S. Chow Effect of particle shape at finite concentration on the elastic moduli of filled polymers Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 16 1978 959 965
253. H. Zou, S. Wu, and J. Shen Polymer/silica nanocomposites: preparation, characterization: Properties and applications Chemical Reviews 108 2008 3893 3957
254. M.Z. Rong, M.Q. Zhang, and W.H. Ruan Surface modification of nanoscale fillers for improving properties of polymer nanocomposites: a review Materials Science and Technology 22 2006 787 796
255. S.F. Yan, J.B. Yin, J.Y. Yang, and X.S. Chen Structural characteristics and thermal properties of plasticized poly(l-lactide)-silica nanocomposites synthesized by sol-gel method Materials Letters 61 2007 2683 2686
256. J.W. Huang, Y.C. Hung, Y.L. Wen, C.C. Kang, and M.Y. Yeh Polylactide/nano and microscale silica composite films. I. Preparation and characterization Journal of Applied Polymer Science 112 2009 1688 1694
257. X. Wen, K. Zhang, Y. Wang, L. Han, C. Han, H. Zhang, S. Chen, and L. Dong Study of the thermal stabilization mechanism of biodegradable poly(l-lactide)/silica nanocomposites Polymer International 60 2011 202 210
258. K. Fukushima, D. Tabuani, C. Abbate, M. Arena, and P. Rizzarelli Preparation, characterization and biodegradation of biopolymer nanocomposites based on fumed silica European Polymer Journal 47 2011 139 152
259. Z.Q. Ma, L.B. Wu, and B. Peng Poly(l-lactic acid)/silicone dioxide nanocomposites prepared via in situ melt polycondensation of l-lactic acid in the presence of acidic silica sol: dispersion stability of nanoparticles during dehydration/oligomerization Journal of Applied Polymer Science 124 2012 3980 3987
260. J. Zou, T. Ma, J. Zhang, W. He, and F. Huang Preparation and characterization of PLLA-ESO/surface-grafted silica nanocomposites Polymer Bulletin 67 2011 1261 1271
261. A. Fina, O. Monticelli, and G. Camino POSS-based hybrids by melt/reactive blending Journal of Materials Chemistry 20 2010 9297 9305
262. M. Moniruzzaman, and K.I. Winey Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes Macromolecules 39 2006 5194 5205
263. S.W. Kuoa, and F.C. Chang POSS related polymer nanocomposites Progress in Polymer Science 36 2011 1649 1696
264. J. Wu, and P. Mather POSS polymers: physical properties and biomaterials applications Polymer Reviews 49 2009 25 63
265. Y. Kawakami, Y. Kakihana, A. Miyazato, S. Tateyama, and M.A. Hoque Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes with controlled structure: formation and application in new Si-based polymer systems Advances in Polymer Science 55 2010 1 44
266. H. Ghanbari, B.G. Cousins, and A.M. Seifalian A nanocage for nanomedicine: polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) Macromolecular Rapid Communications 32 2011 1032 1046
267. D.B. Cordes, P.D. Lickiss, and F. Rataboul Recent developments in the chemistry of cubic polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes Chemical Reviews 110 2010 2081 2173
268. P. Agaskar New synthetic route to the hydridospherosiloxanes Oh-H8Si8O12 and D5h-H10Si10O15 Inorganic Chemistry 30 1991 2707 2708
269. A. Chalk, and J. Harrod Homogeneous catalysis. II. The mechanism of the hydrosilation of olefins catalyzed by group VIII metal complexes Journal of the American Chemical Society 87 1965 16 21
270. A. Tsuchida, C. Bolln, F. Sernetz, H. Frey, and M. Rolf Ethene and propene copolymers containing silsesquioxane side groups Macromolecules 30 1997 2818 2824
271. M.G. Voronkov, and V.I. Lavrentyev Polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes and their homo derivatives Topics in Current Chemistry 102 1982 199 236
272. A.L. Goffin, E. Duquesne, S. Moins, M. Alexandre, and P. Dubois New organic-inorganic nanohybrids via ring opening polymerization of (di)lactones initiated by functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane European Polymer Journal 43 2007 4103 4113
273. O. Monticelli, D. Cavallo, S. Bocchini, A. Frache, F. Carniato, and A. Tonelotto A novel use of Ti-POSS as initiator of l-lactide ring-opening polymerization Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 49 2011 4794 4799
274. B.H. Tan, H. Hussain, T.T. Lin, Y.C. Chua, Y.W. Leong, W.W. Tjiu, P.K. Wong, and C.B. He Stable dispersions of hybrid nanoparticles induced by stereocomplexation between enantiomeric poly(lactide) star polymers Langmuir 27 2011 10538 10547
275. W.B. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Li, X. Dong, X. Yu, C.L. Wang, C. Wesdemiotis, R.P. Quirk, and S.Z.D. Cheng Synthesis of shape amphiphiles based on functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane end-capped poly(l-lactide) with diverse head surface chemistry Macromolecules 44 2011 2589 2596
276. P.T. Knight, K.M. Lee, H. Qin, and P.T. Mather Biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethanes incorporating polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane Biomacromolecules 9 2008 2458 2467
277. H. Pan, and Z. Qiu Biodegradable poly(l-lactide)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes nanocomposites: enhanced crystallization, mechanical properties, and hydrolytic degradation Macromolecules 43 2010 1499 1506
278. Z. Qiu, and H. Pan Preparation, crystallization and hydrolytic degradation of biodegradable poly(l-lactide)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes nanocomposite Composites Science and Technology 70 2010 1089 1094
279. J. Yu, and Z. Qiu Preparation and properties of biodegradable poly(l-lactide)/octamethyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes nanocomposites with enhanced crystallization rate via simple melt compounding ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 3 2011 890 897
280. J. Yu, and Z. Qiu Isothermal and nonisothermal cold crystallization behaviors of biodegradable poly(l-lactide)/octavinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes nanocomposites Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50 2011 12579 12586
281. X. Zhang, J. Sun, S. Fang, X. Han, Y. Li, and C. Zhang Thermal, crystalline, and mechanical properties of octa(3-chloropropylsilsesquioxane)/ poly(l-lactic acid) hybrid films Journal of Applied Polymer Science 122 2011 296 303
282. A.L. Goffin, E. Duquesne, J.M. Raquez, H.E. Miltner, X. Ke, M. Alexandre, G. Van Tendeloo, B. Van Mele, and P. Dubois From polyester grafting onto POSS nanocage by ring-opening polymerization to high performance polyester/POSS nanocomposites Journal of Materials Chemistry 20 2010 9415 9422
283. J.H. Lee, and Y.G. Jeong Preparation and characterization of nanocomposites based on polylactides tethered with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane Journal of Applied Polymer Science 115 2010 1039 1046
284. V.S. Zaitsev, D.S. Filimonov, I.A. Presnyakov, R.J. Gambino, and B. Chu Physical and chemical properties of magnetite and magnetite-polymer nanoparticles and their colloidal dispersions Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 212 1999 49 57
285. S. Chen, J. Feng, X. Guo, J. Hong, and W. Ding One-step wet chemistry for preparation of magnetite nanorods Materials Letters 59 2005 985 988
286. X.T. Zheng, S.B. Zhou, Y. Xiao, X.J. Yu, X.H. Li, and P.Z. Wu Shape memory effect of poly(d,l-lactide)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites by inductive heating of magnetite particles Colloids and Surfaces B 71 2009 67 72
287. M.Y. Razzaq, M. Behl, and A. Lendlein Magnetic memory effect of nanocomposites Advanced Functional Materials 22 2012 184 191
288. S. Taccola, A. Desii, V. Pensabene, T. Fujie, A. Saito, S. Takeoka, P. Dario, A. Menciassi, and V. Mattoli Free-standing poly(l-lactic acid) nanofilms loaded with superparamagnetic nanoparticles Langmuir 27 2011 5589 5595
289. A. Sorrentino, G. Gorrasi, and V. Vittoria Potential perspectives of bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications Trends in Food Science & Technology 18 2007 84 95
290. K. Madhavan Nampoothiri, N.R. Nair, and R.P. John An overview of the recent developments in polylactide (PLA) research Bioresource Technology 101 2010 8493 8501
291. S. Santangelo, G. Gorrasi, R. Di Lieto, S. De Pasquale, G. Patimo, E. Piperopoulos, M. Lanza, G. Faggio, F. Mauriello, G. Messina, and C. Milone Polylactide and carbon nanotubes/smectite-clay nanocomposites: preparation, characterization, sorptive and electrical properties Applied Clay Science 53 2011 188 194
292. G.M. Neelgund, and A. Oki Pd nanoparticles deposited on poly(lactic acid) grafted carbon nanotubes: synthesis, characterization and application in heck CC coupling reaction Applied Catalysis A: General 399 2011 154 160
293. M. Murariu, L. Bonnaud, P. Yoann, G. Fontaine, S. Bourbigot, and P. Dubois New trends in polylactide (PLA)-based materials: "Green" PLA-calcium sulfate (nano)composites tailored with flame retardant properties Polymer Degradation and Stability 95 2010 374 381
294. K. Nunez, C. Rosales, R. Perera, N. Villarreal, and J.M. Pastor Nanocomposites of PLA/PP blends based on sepiolite Polymer Bulletin 67 2011 1991 2016
295. K. Nuñez, C. Rosales, R. Perera, N. Villarreal, and J.M. Pastor Poly(lactic acid)/low-density polyethylene blends and its nanocomposites based on sepiolite Polymer Engineering & Science 52 2012 988 1004
296. 4 nanoparticle-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for preparation of electrically conductive and magnetic poly(lactide) films and electrospun nanofibers Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 2012 4855 4860
297. S. Mecking Nature or petrochemistry? Biologically degradable materials Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43 2004 1078 1085
298. J.M. Lagaron, and A. LopezRubio Nanotechnology for bioplastics: opportunities, challenges and strategies Trends in Food Science & Technology 22 2011 611 617