Bacterial cellulose-based materials and medical devices: Current state and perspectives

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1277-1286

  Petersen, Nathan ^a   Gatenholm, Paul ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Acetobacter xylinum; Bacterial cellulose; Biocompatibility; Biomedical; Microbial cellulose; Nanocellulose

Indexed keywords

ACETOBACTER XYLINUM; BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; BIOMEDICAL; MICROBIAL CELLULOSE; NANO-CELLULOSE;

BACTERIOLOGY; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING; CELLULOSE; IMPLANTS (SURGICAL); MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; SPINNING (FIBERS); TISSUE; WATER CONTENT;

SCAFFOLDS (BIOLOGY);

BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; BIOMATERIAL; CELLULOSE; NANOFIBER; SCAFFOLD PROTEIN; TISSUE SCAFFOLD; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BACTERIUM; CELLULOSE; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; GENETIC ENGINEERING; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTY; POROSITY; WATER CONTENT;

BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BIODEGRADABILITY; BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVICE; IMPLANT; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; REVIEW; WATER CONTENT;

ANIMALS; BACTERIA; BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS; CELLULOSE; HUMANS; NANOFIBERS; PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; TISSUE ENGINEERING;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); GLUCONACETOBACTER XYLINUS;

EID: 80052638686     PISSN: 01757598     EISSN: 14320614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3432-y     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. C Azuma K Yasuda Y Tanabe H Taniguro F Kanaya A Nakayama YM Chen JP Gong Y Osada 2007 Biodegradation of high-toughness double network hydrogels as potential materials for artificial cartilage J Biomed Mater Res, Part A 81 373 380 10.1002/jbm.a.31043 10.1002/jbm.a.31043 (Pubitemid 46668851)
2. Bäckdahl H (2008) Engineering the shape of bacterial cellulose and its use as blood vessel replacement [PhD Thesis]. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
3. H Bäckdahl G Helenius A Bodin U Nannmark BR Johansson B Risberg P Gatenholm 2006 Mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose and interactions with smooth muscle cells Biomaterials 27 2141 2149 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005. 10.026 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.026 (Pubitemid 41759508)
4. H Bäckdahl M Esguerra D Delbro B Risberg P Gatenholm 2008 Engineering microporosity in bacterial cellulose scaffolds J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2 320 330 10.1002/term.97 10.1002/term.97
5. Bäckdahl H, Risberg B, Gatenholm P (2008a) Observations on bacterial cellulose tube formation and ways to introduce microporosity. Dissertation, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
6. HS Barud C Barrios T Regiani RFC Marques M Verelst J Dexpert-Ghys Y Messaddeq SJL Ribeiro 2008 Self-supported silver nanoparticles containing bacterial cellulose membranes Mater Sci Eng C 28 515 518 10.1016/j.msec.2007.05. 001 10.1016/j.msec.2007.05.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjvF2rsbo%3D (Pubitemid 351444779)
7. HS Barud AM de Araujo DB Santos RMN de Assuncao CS Meireles DA Cerqueira G Rodrigues CA Ribeiro Y Messaddeq SJL Ribeiro 2008 Thermal behavior of cellulose acetate produced from homogeneous acetylation of bacterial cellulose Thermochim Acta 471 61 69 10.1016/j.tca.2008.02.009 10.1016/j.tca.2008.02.009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlslKjur4%3D
8. Bodin A. (2007) Biomedical applications of bacterial cellulose: fermentation, morphology and surface properties. Dissertation, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
9. A Bodin L Ahrenstedt 2007 Modification of nanocellulose with a xyloglucan-RGD conjugate enhances adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells: implications for tissue engineering Biomacromolecules 8 3697 3704 10.1021/bm070343q 10.1021/bm070343q 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlCqtLnF
10. A Bodin H Bäckdahl H Fink L Gustaffson B Risberg P Gatenholm 2007 Influence of cultivation conditions on mechanical and morphological properties of bacterial cellulose tubes Biotechnol Bioeng 97 425 434 10.1002/bit.21314 10.1002/bit.21314 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXls1eitrY%3D (Pubitemid 46852936)
11. A Bodin S Concaro M Brittberg P Gatenholm 2007 Bacterial cellulose as a potential meniscus implant J Tissue Eng Regener Med 1 406 408 10.1002/term.51 10.1002/term.51 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXls1Ghtbk%3D
12. A Bodin S Bharadwaj S Wu P Gatenholm A Atala Y Zhang 2010 Tissue-engineered conduit using urine-derived stem cells seeded bacterial cellulose polymer in urinary reconstruction and diversion Biomaterials 31 8889 8901 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.108 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.108 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1egsL3K
13. SK Bowry TH Rintelen 1998 Synthetically modified cellulose (SMC): a cellulosic hemodialysis membrane with minimized complement activation ASAIO J 44 M579 M583 10.1097/00002480-199809000-00054 DOI:dx.doi.org 10.1097/00002480- 199809000-00054 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntVOjsrg%3D (Pubitemid 28468903)
14. AG Cunha CSR Freire AJD Silvestre CP Neto A Gandini E Orblin P Fardim 2007 Highly hydrophobic biopolymers prepared by the surface pentafluorobenzoylation of cellulose substrates Biomacromolecules 8 1347 1352 10.1021/bm0700136 10.1021/bm0700136 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjtlCms78%3D (Pubitemid 46672717)
15. W Czaja D Romanovicz RM Brown 2004 Structural investigations of microbial cellulose produced in stationary and agitated culture Cellulose 11 403 411 10.1023/B:CELL.0000046412.11983.61 10.1023/B:CELL.0000046412.11983.61 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1yrtg%3D%3D
16. W Czaja A Krystynowicz S Bielecki RM Brown 2006 Microbial cellulose-the natural power to heal wounds Biomaterials 27 145 151 10.1016/j.biomaterials. 2005.07.035 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.035 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVShtb%2FJ (Pubitemid 41282793)
17. WK Czaja DJ Young M Kawecki RM Browm 2007 The future prospects of microbial cellulose in biomedical applications Biomacromolecules 8 1 12 10.1021/bm060620d 10.1021/bm060620d 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1Kitb%2FJ (Pubitemid 46140466)
18. P Ducheyne Q Qiu 1999 Bioactive ceramics: the effect of surface reactivity on bone formation and bone cell function Biomaterials 20 2287 2303 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00181-7 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00181-7 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXlsVWg
19. AJ Dulgar-Tulloch R Bizios RW Siegel 2009 Human mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and proliferation in response to ceramic chemistry and nanoscale topography J Biomed Mater Res, Part A 90 586 594 10.1002/jbm.a.32116 10.1002/jbm.a.32116 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1Mvks1Whtw%3D%3D
20. M Esguerra H Fink MW Laschke D Delbro A Jeppsson P Gatenholm MG Menger B Risberg 2010 Intravital fluorescent microscopic evaluation of bacterial cellulose as scaffold for vascular grafts J Biomed Mater Res, Part A. 93A 140 149 10.1002/jbm.a.32516 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXitFyqu70%3D
21. SC Falcao ARD Coelho JE Neto 2008 Biomechanical evaluation of microbial cellulose (Zoogloea sp.) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes as implants in repair of produced abdominal wall defects in rats Acta Cir Bras 23 184 191 10.1590/S0102-86502008000200012 10.1590/S0102-86502008000200012 (Pubitemid 351488612)
22. SC Falcao JE Neto AR Coelho 2008 Incorporation by host tissue of two biomaterials used as repair of defects produced in abdominal wall of rats Acta Cir Bras 23 78 83 10.1590/S0102-86502008000100013 10.1590/S0102- 86502008000100013 (Pubitemid 351378643)
23. B Fang YZ Wan TT Tang C Gao KR Dai 2009 Proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells on hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose nanocomposite scaffolds Tissue Eng Part A 15 1091 1098 10.1089=ten.tea.2008.0110 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0110 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXlt1CktLk%3D
24. H Fink J Hong K Drotz B Risberg J Sanchez A Sellborn 2011 An in vitro study of blood compatibility of vascular grafts made of bacterial cellulose in comparison with conventionally-used graft materials J Biomed Mater Res, Part A 97A 52 58 10.1002/jbm.a.33031 10.1002/jbm.a.33031 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXit1Gqsr4%3D
25. JD Fontana AM Desouza CK Fontana IL Torriani JC Moreschi BJ Gallotti SJ Desouza GP Narcisco JA Bichara LF Farah 1990 Acetobacter cellulose pellicle as a temporary skin substitute Appl Biochem Biotechnol 24-25 253 264 10.1007/BF02920250 10.1007/BF02920250 (Pubitemid 20275160)
26. Garrett RH, Grisham CH (2005) Biochemistry, 3rd edn. Brooks/Cole, Belmont, pp 223-224
27. P Gatenholm D Klemm 2010 Bacterial nanocellulose as a renewable material for biomedical applications MRS Bull 35 208 213 10.1557/mrs2010.653 10.1557/mrs2010.653 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXkvVaks70%3D
28. P Habibovic HP Yuan CM van der Valk G Meijer CA van Blitterswijk K de Groot 2005 3D microenvironment as essential element for osteoinduction by biomaterials Biomaterials 26 3565 3575 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.056 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.056 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFejsrvO (Pubitemid 40038151)
29. Harris J, Serafica G, Damien C, Nonnenmann H (2010) Oxidized microbial cellulose and use thereof. US Patent 7,709,631
30. G Helenius H Bäckdahl A Bodin U Nannmark P Gatenholm B Risberg 2006 In vivo biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose J Biomed Mater Res A 76A 431 438 10.1002/jbm.a.30570 10.1002/jbm.a.30570 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XosFaltw%3D%3D
31. N Hoenich 2006 Cellulose for medical applications: past, present, and future BioResources 1 270 280
32. SA Hutchens RS Benson BR Evans HM O'Neill CJ Rawn 2006 Biomimetic synthesis of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite in a natural hydrogel Biomaterials 27 4661 4670 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.04.032 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.04. 032 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XltVOrtrk%3D (Pubitemid 44208738)
33. DW Hutmacher JT Schantz CXF Lam KC Tan TC Lim 2007 State of the art and future directions of scaffold-based bone engineering from a biomaterials perspective J Tissue Eng Regen Med 1 245 260 10.1002/term.24 10.1002/term.24 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlvV2nt7Y%3D
34. E Izeboud 1992 Biocompatibility of cellulose and cellulose derivatives Papier 46 722 725 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXms1Klug%3D%3D
35. JY Jung T Khan JK Park HN Chang 2007 Production of bacterial cellulose by Gluconacetobacter hansenii using a novel bioreactor equipped with a spin filter Korean J Chem Eng 24 265 271 10.1007/s11814-007-5058-4 10.1007/s11814-007-5058- 4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnslWku7Y%3D
36. H Jung HG Yoon WJ Park C Choi DB Wilson DH Shin YJ Kim 2008 Effect of sodium hydroxide treatment of bacterial cellulose on cellulase activity Cellulose 15 465 471 10.1007/s10570-007-9190-4 10.1007/s10570-007-9190-4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXltFeqsLg%3D
37. DM Kalaskar JE Gough RV Ulijn WW Sampson DJ Scurr FJ Rutten MR Alexander CLR Merry SJ Eichhorn 2008 Controlling cell morphology on amino acid-modified cellulose Soft Matter 4 1059 1065 10.1039/B719706N 10.1039/b719706n 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkvFWit7w%3D (Pubitemid 351543624)
38. IY Kim SJ Seo HS Moon MK Yoo IY Park BC Kim CS Cho 2008 Chitosan and its derivatives for tissue engineering applications Biotechnol Adv 26 1 21 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.07.009 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.07.009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlGnsrbF (Pubitemid 350138341)
39. VV Klechkovskaya VV Volkov EV Shtykova NA Arkharova YG Baklagina AK Khripunov RY Smyslov LN Borovikova AA Tkachenko 2008 Network model of Acetobacter xylinum cellulose intercalated by drug nanoparticles M Giersig GB Khomutov (eds) Nanomaterials for Application in Medicine and Biology. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics Springer Netherlands 165 177 10.1007/978-1-4020-6829-4-14
40. Klechkovskaya VV, Volkov VV, Shtykova EV, Arkharova NA, Baklagina YG, Khripunov AK, Smyslov RY, Borovikova LN, Tkachenko AA (2008) Network model of Acetobacter xylinum cellulose intercalated by drug nanoparticles. In: Giersig M, Khomutov GB (eds) Nanomaterials for Application in Medicine and Biology. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics. Springer, Netherlands, pp 165-177. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6829-4-14
41. D Klemm D Schumann U Udhardt S Marsch 2001 Bacterial synthesized cellulose-artificial blood vessels for microsurgery Prog Polym Sci 26 1561 1603 10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00021-1 10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00021-1 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXoslCjsbY%3D (Pubitemid 33090643)
42. D Klemm B Heublein HP Fink A Bohn 2005 Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material Angew Chem Int Ed 44 3358 3393 10.1002/anie. 200460587 10.1002/anie.200460587 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlsV2jtbY%3D (Pubitemid 40793591)
43. D Klemm D Schumann F Kramer N Heler M Hornung HP Schmauder S Marsch 2006 Nanocelluloses as innovative polymers in research and application Adv Polym Sci 205 49 96 10.1007/12-097 10.1007/12-097 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlejsrrP
44. T Kondo M Nojiri Y Hishikawa E Togawa D Romanovicz RM Brown 2002 Biodirected epitaxial nanodeposition of polymers on oriented macromolecular templates Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 14008 14013 10.1073/pnas.212238399 10.1073/pnas.212238399 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XosF2isb0%3D (Pubitemid 35257615)
45. F Kramer D Klemm D Schumann N Heler F Wesarg W Fried D Stadermann 2006 Nanocellulose polymer composites as innovative pool for (bio)material development Macromol Symp 244 136 148 10.1002/masy.200651213 10.1002/masy.200651213 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhvFWns78%3D
46. Kumar V (2004) Regenerated cellulose and oxidized cellulose membranes as potential biodegradable platforms for drug delivery and tissue engineering. US Patent 6,800,753
47. Kumar V, Dang Y (2010) Biodegradable oxidized cellulose esters. US Patent 7,662,801
48. Kumar V, Dong Y (2009) Biodegradable oxidized cellulose esters. US Patent 7,595,392
49. RKL Lau ACM Kwok WK Chan TY Zhang JTY Wong 2007 Mechanical characterization of cellulosic thecal plates in dinoflagellates by nanoindentation J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7 452 457 10.1166/jnn.2007.110 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjvVyhtLg%3D
50. S Laurence R Bareille C Baquey JC Fricain 2005 Development of a resorbable macroporous cellulosic material used as hemostatic in an osseous environment J Biomed Mater Res, Part A 73 422 429 10.1002/jbm.a.30280 10.1002/jbm.a.30280 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M3nvFWltg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40791389)
51. Levinson D, Glonek T (2008) Microbial cellulose contact lens. US Patent 7,832,857
52. J Li YZ Wan LF Li H Liang JH Wang 2009 Preparation and characterization of 2,3-dialdehyde bacterial cellulose for potential biodegradable tissue engineering scaffolds Mater Sci Eng C 29 1635 1642 10.1016/j.msec.2009.01.006 10.1016/j.msec.2009.01.006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmtVaqsrg%3D
53. M Martson J Viljanto T Hurme P Saukko 1998 Biocompatibility of cellulose sponge with bone Eur Surg Res 30 426 432 10.1159/000008609 10.1159/000008609 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Flslyhsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28561063)
54. M Martson J Viljanto P Laippala P Saukko 1998 Connective tissue formation in subcutaneous cellulose sponge implants in the rat-the effect of the size and cellulose content of the implant Eur Surg Res 30 419 425 10.1159/000008608 10.1159/000008608 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Flslyiuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28561062)
55. M Martson J Viljanto T Hurme P Laippala P Saukko 1999 Is cellulose sponge degradable or stable as implantation material? An in vivo subcutaneous study in the rat Biomaterials 20 1989 1995 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00094-0 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00094-0 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmvVyitbs%3D (Pubitemid 29447620)
56. LE Millon WK Wan 2006 The polyvinyl alcohol-bacterial cellulose system as a new nanocomposite for biomedical applications J Biomed Mater Res, Part B 79 245 253 10.1002/jbm.b.30535 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28ngtlWmtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 44652048)
57. T Miyamoto S Takahashi H Ito H Inagaki Y Noishiki 1989 Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives J Biomed Mater Res 23 125 133 10.1002/jbm.820230110 10.1002/jbm.820230110 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhsVWnu78%3D (Pubitemid 19031257)
58. VT Nguyen MJ Gidley GA Dykes 2008 Potential of a nisin-containing bacterial cellulose film to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes on processed meats Food Microbiol 25 471 478 10.1016/j.fm.2008.01.004 10.1016/j.fm.2008.01.004 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjs1Wgsr4%3D
59. T Oshima K Kondo K Ohto K Inoue Y Baba 2008 Preparation of phosphorylated bacterial cellulose as an adsorbent for metal ions Reactive Funct Polym 68 376 383 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.07.046 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.07.046 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVehs7%2FE (Pubitemid 350236889)
60. Park HO, Bang YB, Joung HJ, Kim BC, Kim HR (2004) Lactobacillus KCTC 0774BP and acetobacter KCTC 0773BP for treatment or prevention of obesity and diabetes mellitus. US Patent 6,808,703
61. A Putra A Kakugo H Furukawa JP Gong Y Osada T Uemura M Yamamoto 2008 Production of bacterial cellulose with well oriented fibril on PDMS substrate Polym J 40 137 142 10.1295/polymj.PJ2007180 10.1295/polymj.PJ2007180 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkslSisrc%3D (Pubitemid 351496167)
62. A Putra A Kakugo H Furukawa JP Gong Y Osada 2008 Tubular bacterial cellulose gel with oriented fibrils on the curved surface Polymer 49 1885 1891 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.022 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.022 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXjslyks7Y%3D
63. CR Rambo DOS Recouvreux CA Carminatti AK Pitlovanciv RV Antonio LM Porto 2008 Template assisted synthesis of porous nanofibrous cellulose membranes for tissue engineering Mater Sci Eng C 28 549 554 10.1016/j.msec.2007.11.011 10.1016/j.msec.2007.11.011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjvF2rtrk%3D (Pubitemid 351417809)
64. M Roman WT Winter 2004 Effect of sulfate groups from sulfuric acid hydrolysis on the thermal degradation behavior of bacterial cellulose Biomacromolecules 5 1671 1677 10.1021/bm034519+ 10.1021/bm034519+ 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlt1Sgu7o%3D (Pubitemid 39335201)
65. P Ross R Mayer M Benziman 1991 Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria Microbiol Rev 55 35 58 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXktVCkt7Y%3D (Pubitemid 21895145)
66. Saferstein L, Serafica G (2010) Cellulose oxidation by nitrogen dioxide in a perfluorinated tertiar amine solvent. US Patent 7,645,874
67. MB Sano AD Rojas P Gatenholm RV Davalos 2010 Electromagnetically controlled biological assembly of aligned bacterial cellulose nanofibers Ann Biomed Eng 38 2475 2484 10.1007/s10439-010-9999-0 10.1007/s10439-010-9999-0
68. DA Schumann J Wippermann DO Klemm F Kramer D Koth H Kosmehl T Wahlers S Salehi-Gelani 2008 Artificial vascular implants from bacterial cellulose: preliminary results of small arterial substitutes Cellulose. 16 877 885 10.1007/s10570-008-9264-y 10.1007/s10570-008-9264-y
69. IL Shih 2010 Microbial exo-polysaccharides for biomedical applications Mini-Rev Med Chem 10 1345 1355 10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00119-4 DOI:dx.doi.org 10.2174/138955710793564115 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFCit7vE
70. P Sibilla A Sereni G Aguiari M Banzi E Manzati C Mischiati L Trombelli L del Senno 2006 Effects of a hydroxyapatite-based biomaterial on gene expression in osteoblast-like cells J Dent Res 85 354 358 10.1177/154405910608500414 10.1177/154405910608500414 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjvV2jtbc%3D (Pubitemid 43672446)
71. M Singh AR Ray P Vasudevan K Verma SK Guha 1979 Potential biosoluble carriers: biocompatibility and biodegradability of oxidized cellulose Biomater Med Devices Artif Organs 7 495 512 10.3109/10731197909118964 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXhsFeju7s%3D (Pubitemid 10186050)
72. IO Smith LR McCabe MJ Baumann 2006 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast attachment and proliferation on porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds fabricated with nanophase powder Int J Nanomedicine 1 189 194 10.2147/nano.2006.1.2.189 10.2147/nano.2006.1.2.189 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlWltbzL
73. B Stevens YZ Yang A Mohandas B Stucker KT Nguyen 2008 A review of materials, fabrication methods, and strategies used to enhance bone regeneration in engineered bone tissues J Biomed Mater Res, Part B 85B 573 582 10.1002/jbm.b.30962 10.1002/jbm.b.30962 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXltleks78%3D (Pubitemid 351600465)
74. A Stoica-Guzun M Stroescu F Tache T Zaharescu E Grosu 2007 Effect of electron beam irradiation on bacterial cellulose membranes used as transdermal drug delivery systems Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res, Sect B 265 434 438 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.09.036 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.09.036 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXhtlags7fL (Pubitemid 350102705)
75. G Stylios T Wan P Giannoudis 2007 Present status and future potential of enhancing bone healing using nanotechnology Injury 38 Suppl 1 S63 S74 10.1016/j.injury.2007.02.011 10.1016/j.injury.2007.02.011 (Pubitemid 46440931)
76. A Svensson E Nicklasson T Harrah B Panilaitis DL Kaplan M Brittberg P Gatenholm 2005 Bacterial cellulose as a potential scaffold for tissue engineering of cartilage Biomaterials 26 419 431 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02. 049 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02.049 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlvFarsrg%3D (Pubitemid 38951109)
77. Y Uraki J Nemoto H Otsuka Y Tamai J Sugiyama T Kishimoto M Ubukata H Yabu M Tanaka M Shimomura 2007 Honeycomb-like architecture produced by living bacteria, Gluconacetobacter xylinus Carbohydr Polym 69 1 6 10.1016/j.carbpol. 2006.08.021 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.08.021 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjvVaiurs%3D (Pubitemid 46497407)
78. YZ Wan Y Huang CD Yuan S Raman Y Zhu HJ Jiang F He C Gao 2007 Biomimetic synthesis of hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose nanocomposites for biomedical applications Mater Sci Eng C 27 855 864 10.1016/j.msec.2006.10.002 10.1016/j.msec.2006.10.002 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkvVWmsbw%3D (Pubitemid 46617260)
79. G Wang XF Chen XD Shi LJ Yu BF Liu G Yang 2008 Bio-fabrication of patterned cellulose nano-fibers Adv Mater Res: Multi-functional Mater Struct 47-50 1359 1362 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.47-50.1359
80. K Watanabe M Tabuchi Y Morinaga F Yoshinaga 1998 Structural features and properties of bacterial cellulose produced in agitated culture Cellulose 5 187 200 10.1023/A:1009272904582 10.1023/A:1009272904582 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlvVeqs7c%3D (Pubitemid 128514304)
81. White DG, Brown RM Jr (1989) Prospects for the commercialization of the biosynthesis of microbial cellulose. In: Schuerch C (ed) Cellulose and wood-chemistry and technology. Wiley, New York, pp 573-590
82. AF Wouk JM Diniz SM Cirio H Santos EL Baltazar A Acco 1998 Membrana biologica (Biofill)-estudo comparativo com outros agentes promotores da cicatrizacao da pele em suinos: aspectos clinicos, histopatologicos e morfometricos Arch Vet Sci 3 31 37
83. J Wurdinger S Marsch U Udhardt HD Schumann 2000 BASYC (bacterial synthesized cellulose)-the vitalization of a microvessel-prosthesis in the rat Microsurgery 20 268 10.1002/1098-2752(2000)20:6<267::AID-MICR1>3.0.CO;2-J Abstracts from the Eur Fed Soc Microsurgery